Rubber of high molar mass, like cis-polybutadiene, shows's stress peak on the engineering stress-strain curve during stretching at room temperature. In this work cis-polybutadiene samples were swollen in a poor so...Rubber of high molar mass, like cis-polybutadiene, shows's stress peak on the engineering stress-strain curve during stretching at room temperature. In this work cis-polybutadiene samples were swollen in a poor solvent, CHCl3/EtOH (1/1 v/v), for different times. It was found that both the initial modulus and the stress peak on stretching decreased in magnitude with increasing swelling time and the peak disappeared entirely after 1 hour of swelling. On further swelling the initial modulus increased somewhat and a small stress peak re-appeared after swelling for 2 h. The disappearance of the stress peak after swelling is interpreted as the result of disruption of cohesional entanglements present in the initial rubber sample. The re-appearance of a small stress peak and the increase of modulus on further swelling are interpreted as being of the same nature as the phenomenon of anti-plasticization. It is the result of forming some new cohesional entanglements of larger binding energies through longer range chain segmental motions excited after the disruption of the previously existing cohesional entanglements in the rubber. Thus an understanding of the stress peak on stretching a high molar mass rubber and the phenomenon of anti-plasticization on molecular level has been put forward.展开更多
According to the source dislocation model suggested by Brune(1970), the authors have calculated the displacement spectra of S wave and source parameters of the Heqing M S 5 3 earthquake sequence, using th...According to the source dislocation model suggested by Brune(1970), the authors have calculated the displacement spectra of S wave and source parameters of the Heqing M S 5 3 earthquake sequence, using the digital data of this sequence obtained in the Western Yunnan Earthquake Prediction Experimental Field (WYEPEF). Based on this calculation we have studied the dependence of the peak velocity ( rv ) of ground motion on the seismic stress drop Δ σ . From the seismic scaling law we obtained ( rv )∝Δ σ 2/3 , thus the three formulae of calculating seismic stress drop Δ σ using the peak velocity parameters can be derived: lg( rv)=d 1+13lg M 0+23lgΔ σ ; lg( rv) =d 2+13 M L+23lgΔ σ ; lgΔ σ =-1 0+1 5lg( rv ) Assuming that the average stress drop Δ σ =3.0×10 6 Pa for great and small earthquakes, then the constants d 1=-3 88 and d 2=-0 38 are determined by the observational data of the Heqing M S5 3 sequence. Results of the source parameters for this sequence show that the seismic moment M 0 is between 10 11 N·m and 10 15 N·m, the rupture radius a of the source is between 200 m and 600 m, the stress drop Δ σ is between 0 1 MPa and 10 MPa and the average stress drop Δ σ =3 7 MPa calculated from the peak velocity parameter of the ground motion. Δσ values measured from these scaling relations are basically in agreement with the results given by Brune′s method( 1970). Results of this study show that the dependence of the ground motion peak velocity parameter (rv) on the stress drop Δσ is even stronger than that on the seismic moment M 0 .展开更多
颗粒混凝土材料在建筑结构中应用比较常见,但其冲击下的动力学性能研究欠缺.为得到颗粒混凝土的动力学特性,借助MTS实验机得出其静力学强度,其后使用直径为75 mm SHPB系统对颗粒混凝土试样做了多种加载速度下的冲击试验.结果表明,颗粒...颗粒混凝土材料在建筑结构中应用比较常见,但其冲击下的动力学性能研究欠缺.为得到颗粒混凝土的动力学特性,借助MTS实验机得出其静力学强度,其后使用直径为75 mm SHPB系统对颗粒混凝土试样做了多种加载速度下的冲击试验.结果表明,颗粒混凝土试样的毁坏模式是非脆性碎裂,呈现出延性特点;随着冲击速度的增大,破坏后的形状由试样被压扁(形态基本完整,表现出明显的可压缩性)过渡到絮状.应变率在103.88~464.71 s^(-1)时,试样的峰值应力随着应变率的变大而增大,表现出明显的应变率效应.根据实验现象和实验数据进行分析,推导建立了颗粒混凝土峰值应力前和峰值应力后应力-应变的等效本构方程,将实验数据与拟合数据进行对比,具有较为明显的一致性,验证了本构方程的准确性.展开更多
文摘Rubber of high molar mass, like cis-polybutadiene, shows's stress peak on the engineering stress-strain curve during stretching at room temperature. In this work cis-polybutadiene samples were swollen in a poor solvent, CHCl3/EtOH (1/1 v/v), for different times. It was found that both the initial modulus and the stress peak on stretching decreased in magnitude with increasing swelling time and the peak disappeared entirely after 1 hour of swelling. On further swelling the initial modulus increased somewhat and a small stress peak re-appeared after swelling for 2 h. The disappearance of the stress peak after swelling is interpreted as the result of disruption of cohesional entanglements present in the initial rubber sample. The re-appearance of a small stress peak and the increase of modulus on further swelling are interpreted as being of the same nature as the phenomenon of anti-plasticization. It is the result of forming some new cohesional entanglements of larger binding energies through longer range chain segmental motions excited after the disruption of the previously existing cohesional entanglements in the rubber. Thus an understanding of the stress peak on stretching a high molar mass rubber and the phenomenon of anti-plasticization on molecular level has been put forward.
文摘According to the source dislocation model suggested by Brune(1970), the authors have calculated the displacement spectra of S wave and source parameters of the Heqing M S 5 3 earthquake sequence, using the digital data of this sequence obtained in the Western Yunnan Earthquake Prediction Experimental Field (WYEPEF). Based on this calculation we have studied the dependence of the peak velocity ( rv ) of ground motion on the seismic stress drop Δ σ . From the seismic scaling law we obtained ( rv )∝Δ σ 2/3 , thus the three formulae of calculating seismic stress drop Δ σ using the peak velocity parameters can be derived: lg( rv)=d 1+13lg M 0+23lgΔ σ ; lg( rv) =d 2+13 M L+23lgΔ σ ; lgΔ σ =-1 0+1 5lg( rv ) Assuming that the average stress drop Δ σ =3.0×10 6 Pa for great and small earthquakes, then the constants d 1=-3 88 and d 2=-0 38 are determined by the observational data of the Heqing M S5 3 sequence. Results of the source parameters for this sequence show that the seismic moment M 0 is between 10 11 N·m and 10 15 N·m, the rupture radius a of the source is between 200 m and 600 m, the stress drop Δ σ is between 0 1 MPa and 10 MPa and the average stress drop Δ σ =3 7 MPa calculated from the peak velocity parameter of the ground motion. Δσ values measured from these scaling relations are basically in agreement with the results given by Brune′s method( 1970). Results of this study show that the dependence of the ground motion peak velocity parameter (rv) on the stress drop Δσ is even stronger than that on the seismic moment M 0 .
文摘颗粒混凝土材料在建筑结构中应用比较常见,但其冲击下的动力学性能研究欠缺.为得到颗粒混凝土的动力学特性,借助MTS实验机得出其静力学强度,其后使用直径为75 mm SHPB系统对颗粒混凝土试样做了多种加载速度下的冲击试验.结果表明,颗粒混凝土试样的毁坏模式是非脆性碎裂,呈现出延性特点;随着冲击速度的增大,破坏后的形状由试样被压扁(形态基本完整,表现出明显的可压缩性)过渡到絮状.应变率在103.88~464.71 s^(-1)时,试样的峰值应力随着应变率的变大而增大,表现出明显的应变率效应.根据实验现象和实验数据进行分析,推导建立了颗粒混凝土峰值应力前和峰值应力后应力-应变的等效本构方程,将实验数据与拟合数据进行对比,具有较为明显的一致性,验证了本构方程的准确性.
