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PSO-DBNet for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Using Deep Belief Network
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作者 A.Jameer Basha M.Ramya Devi +3 位作者 S.Lokesh P.Sivaranjani D.Mansoor Hussain Venkat Padhy 《Computer Systems Science & Engineering》 SCIE EI 2023年第5期1483-1493,共11页
Data transmission through a wireless network has faced various signal problems in the past decades.The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)technique is widely accepted in multiple data transfer patterns at... Data transmission through a wireless network has faced various signal problems in the past decades.The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)technique is widely accepted in multiple data transfer patterns at various frequency bands.A recent wireless communication network uses OFDM in longterm evolution(LTE)and 5G,among others.The main problem faced by 5G wireless OFDM is distortion of transmission signals in the network.This transmission loss is called peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR).This wireless signal distortion can be reduced using various techniques.This study uses machine learning-based algorithm to solve the problem of PAPR in 5G wireless communication.Partial transmit sequence(PTS)helps in the fast transfer of data in wireless LTE.PTS is merged with deep belief neural network(DBNet)for the efficient processing of signals in wireless 5G networks.Result indicates that the proposed system outperforms other existing techniques.Therefore,PAPR reduction in OFDM by DBNet is optimized with the help of an evolutionary algorithm called particle swarm optimization.Hence,the specified design supports in improving the proposed PAPR reduction architecture. 展开更多
关键词 5G wireless network orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal distortion peak to average power ratio partial transmit sequence deep belief network
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REDUCING THE PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO OF OFDM SYSTEM WITH LOW COMPLEXITY 被引量:2
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作者 Luo Renze Jing Longjiang +2 位作者 Luo Lang Li Jie Zhu Weile 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2006年第1期26-28,共3页
This paper proposes a companding scheme, where small signals are enlarged and large signals are reduced, to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR). Computer simulation results show that the proposed technique ha... This paper proposes a companding scheme, where small signals are enlarged and large signals are reduced, to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR). Computer simulation results show that the proposed technique has two advantages at least when compared with the conventional methods such as partial transmit sequence, selective mapping and the previous companding. First, it gets better PAPR performances with a lower complexity. Second, the scheme achieves greater performances gain with hardly any damnification of OFDM signals in some degree. 展开更多
关键词 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) Compandor
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A Novel Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Scheme via Tone Reservation in OFDM Systems 被引量:1
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作者 Jurong Bai Yong Li +2 位作者 Wei Cheng Huimin Du Yanben Wang 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第11期279-290,共12页
In this paper, a novel signal-to-clipping noise ratio and least squares approximation tone reservation scheme(SCR-LSA TR) is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio for orthogonal frequency division multipl... In this paper, a novel signal-to-clipping noise ratio and least squares approximation tone reservation scheme(SCR-LSA TR) is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. During the SCR procedure, only the element with the maximal amplitude is picked for processing, which not only decreases the algorithm complexity, but also helps to overcome the BER deterioration. With the LSA method, the amplitude of the peak-cancelling signals can approximate to that of the original clipping noise as much as possible. Through the combination of the optimization factor in the LSA method, the classic SCR method can achieve better PAPR reduction with faster convergence. Simulation results show that the proposed SCR-LSA TR scheme has less in-band distortion and smaller out-of-band spectral radiation. The BER of the proposed scheme shows a better performance especially under the 16-QAM over the additive white Gaussian noise channel. 展开更多
关键词 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing peak-to-average power ratio tone reservation signal to clipping noise ratio
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Peak-to-average power ratio reduction using selective mapping with unequal power distribution
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作者 E.S.Hassan XU Zhu +3 位作者 S.E.E1-Khamy M.I.Dessouky S.A.EI-Dolill F.E.Abd EI-Samie 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第7期1902-1908,共7页
A new approach for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems was proposed.This approach is based on assigning powers to the different subcarriers of OFDM... A new approach for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems was proposed.This approach is based on assigning powers to the different subcarriers of OFDM using an unequal power distribution strategy.In addition,a reduced complexity selective mapping (RC-SLM) scheme was proposed.The proposed scheme is based on partitioning the frequency domain symbol sequence into several sub-blocks,and then each sub-block is multiplied by different phase sequences whose length is shorter than that used in the conventional SLM scheme.Then,a kind of low complexity conversions is used to replace the IFFT blocks.The performance of the proposed RC-SLM scheme along with the new approach was studied with computer simulation.The obtained results show that the proposed RC-SLM scheme is able to achieve the lowest computational complexity when compared with other low complexity schemes proposed in the literature while at the same time improves the PAPR reduction performance by about 0.3 dB. 展开更多
关键词 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) computational complexity selective mapping scheme
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Simulation on Peak-to-Average Power Ratio for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
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作者 SHAN Weifeng MENG Baohong LIU Ningning LI Hui ZHANG Hongwei 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 CAS 2006年第6期1873-1876,共4页
Clipping is a simple and convenient PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) reduction method for high speed OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) communication system. In this paper, we propose a new PAPR r... Clipping is a simple and convenient PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) reduction method for high speed OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) communication system. In this paper, we propose a new PAPR reduction method for Wireless-MAN(metropolitan area network)-OFDM system based on IEEE 802.16, which is over-sampling clipping arithmetic. Simulation and performance of the over-samples clipping's PAPR reduction capability, BER effect is given. The simulation indicates that the PAPR of at least 99.9% OFDM symbol is below 6dB after 2 Nyquist rate clipping, and the performance of BER has 1dB SNR(signal noise ratio) loss. The results prove that this method has better capacity to reducing PAPR. So it can be well used in WMAN-OFDM system. 展开更多
关键词 peak-to-average power ratio OFDM(orthogonal frequency divisior multiplexing) CLIPPING
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COMPLEMENT BLOCK CODING SCHEME FOR REDUCING PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO OF OFDM SYSTEMS
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作者 JiangTao ZhuGuangxi 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2004年第5期413-420,共8页
A new scheme termed as Complement Block Coding (CBC) technique is proposed to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signals. Utilizing the complement bits which are added to the original information bi... A new scheme termed as Complement Block Coding (CBC) technique is proposed to reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signals. Utilizing the complement bits which are added to the original information bits,this method can effectively reduce the PAPR of OFDM systems with random frame size N and the coding rate R ≤ (N - k)/N, where kis a positive integer and k ≤ N/2. The performance results obtained with CBC are given and compared with that of some well known schemes, such as Simple Block Coding (SBC), Modified Simple Block Coding (MSBC) and Simple Odd Parity Code (SOPC) for the same purpose. The results show that, at the same coding rate 3/4, the CBC can achieve almost the same performance as SBC, MSBC, but with lower complexity, and that the same performance can be obtained with higher coding rate by using CBC. At the same coding rate (N - 1)/N, the PAPR reduction of CBC is almost the twice as that of SOPC when N ≥ 16. Further more, the PAPR reductions with coding rate (N - 1)/N are almost the same as that with coding rate less than (N - 1)/N,so the proposed scheme CBC is more suitable for the large frame size with high coding rate and can provide error detection. 展开更多
关键词 Complement block coding peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) OFDM PAPR reduction
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Reducing Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of a Turbo Coded OFDM
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作者 Spyridon K. Chronopoulos Vasilis Christofilakis +1 位作者 Giorgos Tatsis Panos Kostarakis 《Wireless Engineering and Technology》 2012年第4期195-202,共8页
Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is defined as the instantaneous power (maximum value) to the average power ratio. PAPR is considered to be a major problem in OFDM systems. This problem can cause radical unexpected ... Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is defined as the instantaneous power (maximum value) to the average power ratio. PAPR is considered to be a major problem in OFDM systems. This problem can cause radical unexpected behavior of the signal fluctuation. This fluctuation is constituted by a large number of power states. The enormous number of these states leads to an additional complexity of ADCs and DACs. This research addresses the previous problem in OFDM systems utilizing Turbo Codes. μLaCP technique is employed for the purpose of decreasing PAPR. Moreover, our OFDM system was simulated in the presence of an AWGN channel with four types of codes (without the presence of ADCs and DACs). These were constituted of PCCC (typical and new), SCCC, and Convolutional Codes. Our Turbo Coded OFDM exhibited unchanged BER performance before and after the use of μLaCP technique. This was accomplished by modifying our previous PAPR reduction technique without sacrificing greatly its attributes. 展开更多
关键词 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing PEAK to Average power ratio μ-Law μLaCP μLaIF Parallel CONCATENATED Convolutional Codes A POSTERIORI Probability Cyclic PREFIX Zero PADDING PEAK ratio Bit Error Rate
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Joint Optimization of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio and Spectral Leakage in 5G Multicarrier Waveforms
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作者 WEI Peng DAN Lilin +3 位作者 ZHOU Cheng XIAO Yue WU Gang LI Shaoqian 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第S1期83-92,共10页
High peak-to-average-power ratio(PAPR) and spectral leakage are two main drawbacks of multicarrier systems, such as in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM), in future 5G wireless communications. For genera... High peak-to-average-power ratio(PAPR) and spectral leakage are two main drawbacks of multicarrier systems, such as in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM), in future 5G wireless communications. For generating optimized wave forms for 5G communications, this paper proposes an iterative scheme combining time-domain N-continuous OFDM(TD-NC-OFDM) and serial peak cancellation(SPC). Based on the theory of projection onto convex sets(POCS), the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is proved, and the optimized time-frequency domain multicarrier waveforms are analyzed in terms of a balanced tradeoff between out-of-band spectral leakage and PAPR. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can jointly optimize both the PAPR and out-ofband radiation, with moderate computational complexity. 展开更多
关键词 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) peak-to-average-power ratio(PAPR) SPECTRAL LEAKAGE
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The Influence of Blocking Mass Parameters on the Vibration Isolation Performance of a Power Cabin 被引量:1
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作者 计方 姚熊亮 叶曦 《Journal of Marine Science and Application》 2011年第1期25-32,共8页
Rigid blocking masses are located in the typical base structure of a power cabin based on the impedance mismatch principle.By combining the acoustic-structural coupling method and statistical energy analysis,the full-... Rigid blocking masses are located in the typical base structure of a power cabin based on the impedance mismatch principle.By combining the acoustic-structural coupling method and statistical energy analysis,the full-band vibration and sound radiation reduction effect of vibration isolation masses located in a base structure was researched.The influence of the blocking mass’ cross-section size and shape parameters and the layout location of the base isolation performance was discussed.Furthermore,the effectiveness of rigid vibration isolation design of the base structure was validated.The results show that the medium and high frequency vibration and sound radiation of a power cabin are effectively reduced by a blocking mass.Concerning weight increment and section requirement,suitably increasing the blocking mass size and section height and reducing section width can result in an efficiency-cost ratio. 展开更多
关键词 rigid isolation blocking mass parameters power cabin vibration isolation performance efficiency-cost ratio
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Evaluation of axial length/total corneal refractive power ratio as a potential marker for ocular diagnosis of Marfan’s syndrome in children 被引量:1
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作者 Tian-Hui Chen Ai-Zhu Miao +6 位作者 Yu-Liang Wang Min Zhang Jia-Hui Chen Jia-Lei Zheng Michael Deng Ying-Hong Ji Yong-Xiang Jiang 《International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)》 SCIE CAS 2021年第8期1218-1224,共7页
AIM:To investigate whether the axial length(AL)/total corneal refractive power(TCRP)ratio is a sensitive and simple factor that can be used for the early diagnosis of Marfan’s syndrome(MFS)in children.METHODS:The rel... AIM:To investigate whether the axial length(AL)/total corneal refractive power(TCRP)ratio is a sensitive and simple factor that can be used for the early diagnosis of Marfan’s syndrome(MFS)in children.METHODS:The relationship between the AL/TCRP ratio and the diagnosis of MFS for 192 eyes in 97 children were evaluate.The biological characteristics,including age,sex,AL,and TCRP,were collected from medical records.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed to investigate whether the AL/TCRP ratio effectively distinguishes MFS from other subjects.The Youden index was used to re-divide the whole population into two groups according to an AL/TCRP ratio of 0.59.RESULTS:Of 96 subjects(mean age 7.46±3.28 y)evaluated,56(110 eyes)had a definite diagnosis of MFS in childhood based on the revised Ghent criteria,41(82 eyes)with diagnosis of congenital ectopia lentis(EL)were included as a control group.AL was negatively correlated with TCRP,with a linear regression coefficient of-0.36(R2=0.08).A significant correlation was found between age and the AL/TCRP ratio(P=0.023).ROC curve analysis showed that the AL/TCRP ratio distinguished MFS from the other patients at a threshold of 0.59.MFS patients were present in 24/58(41.38%)patients with an AL/TCRP ratio of≤0.59 and in 34/39(87.18%)patients with an AL/TCRP ratio of>0.59.CONCLUSION:An AL/TCRP ratio of>0.59 is significantly associated with the risk of MFS.The AL/TCRP ratio should be measured as a promising marker for the prognosis of children MFS.Changes in the AL/TCRP ratio should be monitored over time. 展开更多
关键词 axial length total corneal refractive power ratio DIAGNOSIS Marfan’s syndrome CHILDREN
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A Consideration on Increasing Current Density in Normal Conducting Toroidal Field Coil for Spherical Tokamak Power Plant
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作者 宋云涛 西尾敏 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第2期2731-2733,共3页
The center post is the most critical component as an inboard part of the toroidal field coil for the low aspect ratio tokamak. During the discharge it endures not only a tremendous ohmic heating owing to its carrying ... The center post is the most critical component as an inboard part of the toroidal field coil for the low aspect ratio tokamak. During the discharge it endures not only a tremendous ohmic heating owing to its carrying a rather high current but also a large nuclear heating and irradiation owing to the plasma operation. All the severe operating conditions, including the structure stress intensity and the stability of the structure, largely limit the maximum allowable current density. But in order to contain a very high dense plasma, it is hoped that the fusion power plant system can operate with a much high maximum magnetic field BT ≥12 T-15 T in the center post. A new method is presented in this paper to improve the maximum magnetic field up to 17 T and to investigate the possibility of the normal conducting center post to be used in the future fusion tokamak power plant. 展开更多
关键词 low aspect ratio tokamak power plant toroidal field coil center post high magnetic field
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Power Ratio Gain Technique and General Integral Control
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作者 Baishun Liu 《Applied Mathematics》 2015年第4期663-669,共7页
In conjunction with general integral control, and synthesizing Singular perturbation and Equal ratio gain techniques, this paper proposes a new control design technique, named Power ratio gain technique, and then by L... In conjunction with general integral control, and synthesizing Singular perturbation and Equal ratio gain techniques, this paper proposes a new control design technique, named Power ratio gain technique, and then by Lyapunov method, theorem to ensure regionally as well as semi-globally asymptotic stability is established in terms of some bounded information. The highlight point is that it not only inherits all the essences of Singular perturbation and Equal ratio gain techniques but also makes up for their shortcomings, and then the conservatism of control input can be improved by compromising the Power ratio coefficients. Theoretical analysis, design example and simulation results show that Power ratio gain technique is a simple, practical and powerful tool to deal with the uncertain nonlinear system. 展开更多
关键词 GENERAL Integral CONTROL Nonlinear CONTROL Robust CONTROL Equal ratio GAIN TECHNIQUE SINGULAR Perturbation TECHNIQUE power ratio GAIN TECHNIQUE Output Regulation
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Output-feedback Stabilization for Stochastic High-order Nonlinear Systems with a Ratio of Odd Integers Power 被引量:4
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作者 LIU Liang DUAN Na XIE Xue-Jun 《自动化学报》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2010年第6期858-864,共7页
关键词 反馈系统 稳定性 自动化 研究
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A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Power Control Scheme for the 5G Wireless Systems 被引量:1
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作者 Renjie Liang Haiyang Lyu Jiancun Fan 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第10期109-119,共11页
In the fifth generation(5G)wireless system,a closed-loop power control(CLPC)scheme based on deep Q learning network(DQN)is introduced to intelligently adjust the transmit power of the base station(BS),which can improv... In the fifth generation(5G)wireless system,a closed-loop power control(CLPC)scheme based on deep Q learning network(DQN)is introduced to intelligently adjust the transmit power of the base station(BS),which can improve the user equipment(UE)received signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR)to a target threshold range.However,the selected power control(PC)action in DQN is not accurately matched the fluctuations of the wireless environment.Since the experience replay characteristic of the conventional DQN scheme leads to a possibility of insufficient training in the target deep neural network(DNN).As a result,the Q-value of the sub-optimal PC action exceed the optimal one.To solve this problem,we propose the improved DQN scheme.In the proposed scheme,we add an additional DNN to the conventional DQN,and set a shorter training interval to speed up the training of the DNN in order to fully train it.Finally,the proposed scheme can ensure that the Q value of the optimal action remains maximum.After multiple episodes of training,the proposed scheme can generate more accurate PC actions to match the fluctuations of the wireless environment.As a result,the UE received SINR can achieve the target threshold range faster and keep more stable.The simulation results prove that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional schemes. 展开更多
关键词 reinforcement learning closed-loop power control(CLPC) signal-to-interference-plusnoise ratio(SINR)
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A 155 Mbps laser diode driver with automatic power and extinction ratio control
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作者 CHEN Xiao-fei ZOU Xue-cheng +2 位作者 LIN Shuang-xi LIU Zheng-lin JIN Hai 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第8期1346-1350,共5页
An integrated laser diode driver(LDD) driving an edge-emitting laser diode was designed and fabricated by 0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. This paper proposes a scheme which combines the automatic power control loop and te... An integrated laser diode driver(LDD) driving an edge-emitting laser diode was designed and fabricated by 0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. This paper proposes a scheme which combines the automatic power control loop and temperature com-pensation for modulation current in order to maintain constant extinction ratio and average optical power. To implement tem-perature compensation for modulation current,a novel circuit which generates a PTAT current by using the injecting base current of a bipolar transistor in saturation region,and alternates the amplifier feedback loop(closed or not) to control the state of the current path is presented. Simulation results showed that programmed by choice of external resistors,the IC can provide modu-lation current from 5 mA to 85 mA with temperature compensation adjustments and independent bias current from 4 mA to 100 mA. Optical test results showed that clear eye-diagrams can be obtained at 155 Mbps,with the output optical power being nearly constant,and the variation of extinction ratio being lower than 0.7 dB. 展开更多
关键词 Laser diode driver (LDD) Automatic power control (APC) Extinction ratio Temperature compensation
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GAS AND OIL POWER DISTRIBUTION RATIO OF A NEW HYDRAULIC BREAKER
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作者 ZHAO Hongqiang LI Meixiang GAO Bin HE Qinghua 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第5期54-58,共5页
The working principle of a new hydraulic breaker operated jointly by gas and hydraulic flow which has a reasonable structure, high efficiency and long piston life-span, is analyzed, and the optimal power distribution ... The working principle of a new hydraulic breaker operated jointly by gas and hydraulic flow which has a reasonable structure, high efficiency and long piston life-span, is analyzed, and the optimal power distribution ratio of the sealed nitrogen gas to the high-pressure oil in the process of piston impacting is studied. Through theoretical analysis, optimization simulation and detailed calculation, it is determined that the impact system has optimal mechanical performance and highest efficiency when the distribution ratio φ is between 0.3 and 0.5. The theoretical result is also verified by repeated tests. 展开更多
关键词 Hydraulic breaker power Distribution ratio Efficiency
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A PHASE SCRAMBLING SCHEME FOR SUPPRESSION OF PEAK TO AVERAGE POWER RATIO FOR OFDM
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作者 LiuYang ShiYin 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2005年第1期66-69,共4页
The complex-valued modulating vectors for the subcarriers consist of two kinds of components: One is the information-bearing components superposed with pseudo-randomized phases and the other is the suppression compone... The complex-valued modulating vectors for the subcarriers consist of two kinds of components: One is the information-bearing components superposed with pseudo-randomized phases and the other is the suppression components with specified scrambling phases. The pseudo randomized phases are generated according to the predefined polynomial and mapping function whereas the scrambling phases are from a gradient algorithm. The simulation results verify the rationality and validity of the phase scrambling. 展开更多
关键词 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Peak to Average power ratio (PAPR) Phase scrambling scheme
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Analysis on Regional Power Grid Load Characteristics and Rational Allocation of Capacity Load Ratio
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作者 Li Yaoxian Ma Chenwen 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2013年第1期49-52,共4页
The reasonability of the adopted capacity load ratio numerical value in urban power grid planning determines the economy of planning level yearly power grid.Too large capacity load ratio will result in the increasing ... The reasonability of the adopted capacity load ratio numerical value in urban power grid planning determines the economy of planning level yearly power grid.Too large capacity load ratio will result in the increasing investment in the early period of power grid construction, however, too small capacity load ratio will make the power grid have poor adaptability, affecting the power supply. Reasonably determining the adopted regional power grid capacity load ratio quantitative numerical value in planning has a strong guiding significance for constructing reliable and economic power grid and preventing power grid from excessive advance or lagging behind the load development. This paper, through the statistics and analysis of a certain regional power grid 2010-2012 three years' power grid daily load characteristics and the investment benefit evaluation of three years' 220KV power grid individual project, makes a preliminary analysis and puts forwards the specific advice on the reasonable values of power ~rid 35-220KV power transformation capacity load ratio. 展开更多
关键词 urban power grid planning power grid load capacity load ratio
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A correlation OPTS algorithm for reducing peak to average power ratio of FBMC-OQAM systems
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作者 WANG Xing MA Tianming +1 位作者 LI Fengrong ZHAO Qinghua 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2022年第2期208-216,共9页
A correlation overlapping partial transmit sequence(C-OPTS) algorithm is proposed to solve the issue of high complexity of overlapping partial transmit sequence(OPTS) algorithm in suppressing the peak to average power... A correlation overlapping partial transmit sequence(C-OPTS) algorithm is proposed to solve the issue of high complexity of overlapping partial transmit sequence(OPTS) algorithm in suppressing the peak to average power ratio(PAPR) of filter bank multicarrier-offset quadrature amplitude modulation(FBMC-OQAM) signals.The V subblocks in partial transmit sequence(PTS) are regrouped into U combinations according to the correlation coefficient p,and overlapping subblocks are allowed between adjacent groups.The search starts from the first group and sets the phase factors of the subsequent groups to 1.When the phase factors of the non-overlapping subblocks in the first group are determined,the subsequent groups are searched in turn to determine their respective phase factors.Starting from the second data block,the data overlapped with it should be taken into account when determining its optimal phase factor vector.Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that compared with the OPTS algorithm,the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the computational complexity at the cost of slight deterioration of PAPR performance.Meanwhile,compared with the even-odd iterative double-layers OPTS(ID-OPTS) algorithm,it can further reduce the complexity and obtain a better PAPR suppression effect. 展开更多
关键词 filter bank multicarrier(FBMC) offset quadrature amplitude modulation(OQAM) peak to average power ratio(PAPR) overlapping partial transmit sequence(OPTS) correlation coefficient
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Net Energy Ratio and Greenhouse Gas Analysis of a Biogas Power Plant
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作者 Wolfgang Bauer 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2013年第9期1656-1661,共6页
The results of a net energy life cycle analysis and greenhouse gas analysis for a 1.45 MW (0.71 MW electrical) biogas power plant operating with a 70% corn silage and 30% cow dung feedstock mixture are presented aft... The results of a net energy life cycle analysis and greenhouse gas analysis for a 1.45 MW (0.71 MW electrical) biogas power plant operating with a 70% corn silage and 30% cow dung feedstock mixture are presented after its initial five years of operation. A ratio of 8.0 for the total output electrical energy divided by the total input energy from fossil fuels is found. A net efficiency of 1.2% of converting solar energy into electricity and usable heat (0.6% electricity) is achieved. Only 16 g CO2 per kWh are generated in the process. If all greenhouse gases are considered, this process even actively reduces the total greenhouse gas load on the atmosphere. In terms of producing transportation biofuels, this process provides 3.8 times more yield per hectare than bioethanol generation. 展开更多
关键词 BIOGAS renewable energy power greenhouse gas net energy ratio.
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