Relationship of chemical properties of different peanut varieties to peanut butter storage stability

This study examined the effect of peanut quality on the storage stability of peanut butter. The quality of 17 varieties of peanuts was analyzed, and each was used to prepare peanut butter. For different storage temperatures and durations, stability of the peanut butter was measured according to three indicators： peroxide value, acid value, and centrifugal rate. The correlation between peanut components and peanut butter storage stability was also investigated. The results indicated significant differences in fatty acid composition between different varieties of peanut. Peanut butter prepared with high oleic peanuts（Kainong 17-15） had a significantly longer shelf life than that of other varieties. The significant correlation between the stability of peanut butter and peanut quality suggests that oleic acid and linoleic acid were the main influencing factors on stability. This study finds that the high oleic peanuts（HOP） is the most suitable variety for making peanut butter, which can allow farmers and processors to choose the specific variety for better product and shelf life.

Effect of microwave pre-treatment on physical quality,bioactive compounds,safety risk factor,and storage stability of peanut butter

Microwave,as a new heat treatment technology,has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed.It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality.Its efficiency mainly depends on the roasting power and time.However,the production of high-quality peanut butter using short-time roasting con-ditions are limited.Herein,we determined an appropriate microwave roasting power and time for peanuts and evaluated its impacts on the quality of peanut butter.Different roasting powers(400 W,800 W and 1200 W)and times(4,4.5,5,and 5.5 min)were preliminarily tested.Among them,800 W at 5 min was the most suitable.The roasting efficiency was further evaluated using color,sensory,bioactive compounds,storage stability,and safety risk factors of peanut butter produced from four peanut cultivars(Silihong,Baisha-1016,Yuanza-9102,and Yuhua-9414).The pre-treated butter obtained from three cultivars(Silihong,Yuanza-9102,and Yuhua-9414)with moisture content between 5%and 7.2%had a similar sensory score(6-7)as the commercial on a 9-point hedonic scale compare to the other.The color of the pre-treated peanut butter varies statistically with the commercial but remained in the recommended range of Hunter L*values of 51-52,respectively,for high initial moisture peanut cultivars.The total polyphenol(35.20-31.59±0.59μmol GAE/g)and tocopherol(19.05±0.35 mg/100 g)content in the butter obtained from three cultivars(Yuahua-9102,Yuhua,and Baisha-1016)and Silihong respectively,were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those in the commercial butter.The induction times of all pre-treated butter(19.80±0.99-7.84±0.07 h)were significantly(P<0.05)longer during storage at accelerated temperature than commercial samples.In addition,no benzo[a]pyrene was found in the pre-treated samples.Collectively,the microwave pretreated peanut butter was superior to the commercial one.These findings provided data support and a reference basis to promote microwave use for peanut butter production.

Aflatoxin Carryover during Large Scale Peanut Butter Production

Peanut butter was monitored for aflatoxin contamination at different stages during its large-scale production starting from raw shelled peanuts up to the final product. Twenty five samples, weighing 2 kg each, were taken from each of the following stages: roasting at 160?C, blanching/de-skinning and grinding. The sub-samples were ground, thoroughly mixed and further reduced by the quartering technique until a 1 kg sub-sample was obtained. This was then analyzed for aflatoxins using reverse phase HPLC incorporating pre-column trifluoroacetic acid derivatization. The results showed a total aflatoxin percentage reduction of 51% after roasting, 27% after blanching/de-skinning followed by a further 11% after grinding to make peanut butter. This meant that there was a cumulative total reduction of 89% of aflatoxin concentration during the production process of peanut butter. These results show that there is a significant reduction of aflatoxin levels at the roasting and blanching stages in the process of producing peanut butter.

Nuts,Peanut Butter Ward Off Diabetes

A helping of nuts or peanut butter several times a week appears to significantly lower the risk of developing adult-onset diabetes, at least in women, a study said Tuesday.

花生酱挥发性风味成分的鉴定

采用电子鼻法对两种知名品牌花生酱A和B中的挥发性风味物质进行主成分分析。采用顶空固相微萃取方法提取花生酱A和B中的挥发性风味物质,结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对提取的挥发性风味物质进行分离鉴定。电子鼻法能很好的区分花生酱A和B。从花生酱A中共鉴定出62种化合物,占总检出化合物的94.68%,吡嗪类化合物含量最高,有19种,占总挥发性成分的51.86%;花生酱B中共鉴定出42种化合物,占总检出化合物的90.98%,吡嗪类化合物含量最高,有13种,占总挥发性成分的44.40%。两种花生酱中含有39种相同的挥发性风味物质,主要是吡嗪、醛类、呋喃、吡咯、酮类、醇类等化合物,相对百分含量有差别。本研究表明,花生酱主要的挥发性化合物是吡嗪类化合物,而且电子鼻结合顶空固相微萃取以及气-质联用技术可以对不同品牌花生酱的风味进行很好区分。

Rancimat法与Schaal烘箱法测定花生油和花生酱氧化稳定性的对比

分别采用Rancimat法与Schaal烘箱法测定花生油和花生酱的氧化稳定性,并对2种方法的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:用Rancimat法替代传统的过氧化值测定法评价花生油和花生酱的氧化稳定性是可行的。

国外花生休闲食品研究进展

介绍了世界花生主产国及其花生加工利用途径与加工产品格局,重点介绍了美国有代表性的花生休闲食品现状,论述了脱脂花生粉、花生酱、烤花生、花生糖果等主要花生休闲食品的生产工艺、货架期等,并提出了制定规划、加快花生专用品种培育、增加科技投入等促进我国花生产业与花生深加工发展的建议,为国内花生休闲食品行业的发展提供多角度的参考。

脱脂麦胚花生酱的研制

研究了脱脂麦胚花生酱的工艺，确定了最佳配方和操作要点。结果表明，脱脂麦胚与花生的配比以１∶３为最好，稳定剂以１．５％的单甘酯为佳，添加适量的调味料和抗氧化剂等，可得到风味、色泽、质地、口感均极佳的产品。

花生酱中黄曲霉毒素B_1的免疫传感分析方法

建立一种新的测定花生酱中黄曲霉毒素B1含量的方法——免疫传感器分析法。基于间接竞争一步ELISA法,通过触摸免疫传感器彩色显示屏控制仪器完成空白实验、样品测定、结果分析操作,实现黄曲霉毒素B1的定量测定。该方法中免疫传感器不仅可对整个测定过程提供操作提示,而且还具有计时和自动分析计算功能,减少了人为误差,提高了测定的准确率。免疫传感分析法在1.0~100μg/L(R2=0.9997)范围内的线性良好,精确度为1.0%,样品加标回收率为93%~104%,其测定结果与高效液相色谱法测定结果具有很好的一致性。因此,该研究建立的免疫传感分析法可用于花生酱中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测。

花生品种对花生酱风味及综合品质的影响

本实验选取7个不同品种的花生制取花生酱,对花生酱中挥发性风味成分的种类和含量进行检测,并结合感官评价、粒径、流变学特性、质构、色度等指标,对比分析花生品种对花生酱风味及综合品质的影响。结果表明,不同品种花生所制取花生酱中挥发性成分的种类和含量有较大差异,7种花生酱中杂环类物质总含量为1.318~9.537 mg/kg,其中吡嗪类物质含量为0.611~1.804 mg/kg,呋喃类物质含量为0.256~4.300 mg/kg,吡咯类物质含量为0.013~4.066 mg/kg,吡啶类物质含量为0.006~0.896 mg/kg,其他杂环类物质含量均较少;醛类物质含量为1.988~5.968 mg/kg,酮类物质含量为0.655~0.934 mg/kg,醇类物质含量为0.155~1.189 mg/kg,酚类物质含量为未检出~1.570 mg/kg,烯烃类物质含量为未检出~0.324 mg/kg,其中‘四粒红’花生酱中吡嗪类物质含量最高,其感官评价综合得分也最高,风味最受认可;7种花生酱样品的水分质量分数为0.66%~0.86%,粗脂肪质量分数为48.39%~57.17%,粗蛋白质量分数为21.93%~35.80%,酸价为0.11~1.21 mg/g,过氧化值为0.19~6.23 mmol/kg,其中‘四粒红’花生酱的粗脂肪质量分数最低,粗蛋白质量分数最高,酸价和过氧化值均较低;7种花生酱的中位径为7.65~8.34 μm,其中‘四粒红’、‘豫花76’、‘豫花65’花生酱的粒径均较小;‘四粒红’花生酱的触变环面积比其他样品大很多;流变学分析与质构分析结果显示‘四粒红’花生酱的涂抹性较好。综上所述,‘四粒红’花生酱的挥发性风味成分丰富,感官评价及综合品质更好,‘四粒红’花生是制作花生酱的适宜品种。

小麦纤维及复合乳化剂对花生酱稳定性的影响

采用响应面分析法(RSM),研究了小麦纤维用量、复合乳化剂的HLB值及其用量对花生酱离心乳析率的影响,并进行了花生酱储存稳定性和感官特性的比较。实验结果表明,小麦纤维用量为3%、复合乳化剂HLB值为7.08、复合乳化剂用量为0.41%时,制得的花生酱离心乳析率最低,为4.23%。相比于纯花生酱的离心乳析率下降了57.5%,且拥有更好的储存稳定性和更高的感官评价得分。

柠檬醛对花生酱的防腐效果

采用平板法比较柠檬醛与合成食用防腐剂苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾对 8种霉菌的抗菌效力。结果表明 ,在花生酱pH5 5时 ,柠檬醛对多数霉菌的最低抑菌浓度 (MIC)为 0 10 % ,山梨酸钾为 0 10 % ,而苯甲酸钠的MIC值在 0 35 %或 0 35 %以上。同时 ,从柠檬醛与黄曲霉产毒关系的试验中发现 ,柠檬醛对黄曲霉产生黄曲霉毒素有较强的抑制作用。

山苍子油对花生酱的防霉保鲜效果

采用平板法比较山苍子油与合成食品防腐剂对５种霉菌包括引起花生酱变质的霉菌的抗菌效力。结果表明：在培养基ｐＨ５．５时，山苍子油对多数霉菌的最低抑制浓度为１．７７ｍｇ／ｍｌ，而山梨酸钾为２．２１ｍｇ／ｍｌ，苯甲酸钠为３．１０ｍｇ／ｍｌ。同时，从山苍子油与黄曲霉产毒关系的试验中发现，山苍子油对黄曲霉产生黄曲霉毒素有较强的抑制作用。在鲁氏酵母的麦芽汁摇床培养中，添加０．１０％的山苍子油能改变其生长曲线，使调整期延长，对数生长期和稳定期缩短，并减少了５５％的细胞总数。

中国花生制品及其工业化对策

系统综述了目前国内花生蛋白,花生油,花生酱,花生皮壳的开发利用的现状,并介绍了花生系列产品的生产。分析了中国花生产业发展的制约因素及存在的问题,并提出了促进我国花生工业化发展的对策。

2018年昆明市某工厂花生酱和芝麻酱加工过程中卫生状况调查

目的调查2018年昆明市某工厂花生酱和芝麻酱制作过程中微生物的污染状况:方法分别采集2018年昆明市某工厂第二季度和第三季度生产加工各个环节的164件样品,按照国家标准分别对菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌、肠杆菌科、李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌等进行了检测t结果前处理区的原材料、环境、仪器设备和漂洗原料的水中细菌总数、大肠菌群和肠杆菌科都有检出。第二季度罐装区的中间产品中菌落总数都有检出、检出丨株英诺克李斯特氏菌;第三季度罐装区的中间产品中菌落总数的检出率是90%(9/10),大肠菌群的检出率为10°/»(1/10),霉菌的检出率为20%(2/10)。第二季度的终产品中未检出霉菌、大肠菌群和沙门氏菌;第三季度的终产品中未检出沙门氏菌和大肠菌群,霉菌的检出率是20%(2/10),且未超标。结论花生酱和芝麻酱制作工艺流程较多,过程控制复杂,存在污染风险,相关企业和监管部门应加强管理,预防食源性疾病的发生。

豆渣酶解产物作为花生油—西藏酥油微胶囊壁材的研究

以花生油-西藏酥油(2∶3)为芯材,可溶性豆渣酶解产物-麦芽糊精(1∶4)为壁材,单甘酯、蔗糖酯为乳化剂,采用喷雾干燥法对花生油-西藏酥油混合油脂的微胶囊化进行了研究。主要原料配方是:混合油脂35%,乳化剂2%,酪朊酸钠3%,混合壁材60%;工艺参数为:乳化温度70～80℃,加水量1～1.2(相对于固形物),喷雾进风温度185℃,出风温度95℃。制备的微胶囊产品具有良好的溶解性、流动性和乳化性。

代可可脂花生夹心糖制作工艺优化

以花生糖为糖芯,代可可脂为主要包衣材料,制作代可可脂巧克力花生夹心糖。利用响应面分析法优化糖芯制作工艺。根据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理对工艺条件进行优化,在分析各因素显著性及其交互作用的基础上,得出花生糖芯口感最佳配方为:糖芯的最佳配料为白糖-淀粉糖浆-花生粉末-猪油(添加量质量配比为3.33:4.02:7.24:1),包衣材料的最佳配料为白糖30%、乳化剂0.5%、代可可脂-可可粉8:1(m/m);包衣厚度1.4mm,包衣温度50℃。

稳定型花生酱的研制

确定了稳定型花生酱生产的操作要点,重点研究了工艺流程、稳定剂种类及用量对成品酱体态、口感及稳定性的影响。结果表明,花生仁经破碎、混合配料、粗磨、精磨,以14%蛋白粉、1.5%单甘酯混合作为稳定剂,再辅以适量的抗氧化剂和调味料,可得到风味、色泽、质地、口感均极佳的产品。

香蕉粉及香蕉花生酱的加工工艺研究

该试验以香蕉和花生为原料对香蕉的护色、干燥方法及香蕉花生酱的加工工艺进行了研究。试验结果表明:香蕉去皮后,用0.2%柠檬酸+0.01%维生素C溶液浸泡10min护色、打浆,在75℃下热风干燥60min,得到香蕉粉,香蕉花生酱的最佳配方为花生酱73%、香蕉粉15%、单甘酯2%、蔗糖5%、植物油5%;香蕉花生酱适宜的杀菌条件为121℃,16min。

固相分散萃取-离子对液相色谱法测定花生酱中苯甲酸和山梨酸

采用固相分散萃取技术处理样品,无水硫酸钠为分散剂,反相离子对色谱法测定花生酱中苯甲酸和山梨酸。色谱条件:C18柱,甲醇-5mmol/L四丁基溴化铵水溶液(40∶60,V/V)为流动相,检测波长230nm。在0.5～100μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数均为0.9997。两组分平均回收率91.7%和77.4%,相对标准偏差2.02%和2.99%,检出限分别为0.90μg/g和1.35μg/g。