To find an effective method for ensiling peanut vine （PV）, fermentation characteristics and nutritional values of PV silage and the mixture of PV with corn stover （CS） silage in a ratio of 1 ： 1 fresh weight, pre...To find an effective method for ensiling peanut vine （PV）, fermentation characteristics and nutritional values of PV silage and the mixture of PV with corn stover （CS） silage in a ratio of 1 ： 1 fresh weight, prepared by adding lactic acid bacteria （LAB）, 10% wheat bran （WB） and LAB＋WB at ensiling were evaluated in 2009 and 2010. The fermentation qualities of PV silage ensiled with the LAB and WB additives were improved compared with those of the control （PV ensiled alone）. However, the pH did not decline to the critical level of 4.2, and the nutritional values of the silage were not protected against losses in the LAB and WB addition silages. Ensiling PV in mixture with CS generated optimal moisture content and buffering capacity （BC） of ensiled materials. After adding the LAB and WB additives to mixture silage, especially adding LAB＋WB, the fermentation qualities and nutritional values of the mixture silage were improved significantly （P〈0.05）, and the Flieg＇s score reached to 99. The result suggested that it is a feasible method to ensile the mixed materials of PV with CS by adding LAB and high concentration of water soluble-carbohydrate materials for providing a good fermentation quality of PV silage.展开更多
Agronomically optimizing the timing and rates of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application can increase crop yield and decrease N loss to the environment. Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)–peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) relay interc...Agronomically optimizing the timing and rates of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application can increase crop yield and decrease N loss to the environment. Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)–peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) relay intercropping systems are a mainstay of economic and food security in China. We performed a field experiment to investigate the effects of N fertilizer on N recovery efficiency, crop yield, and N loss rate in wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China during 2015–2017. The N was applied on the day before sowing, the jointing stage(G30) or the booting stage(G40) of winter wheat, and the anthesis stage(R1) of peanut in the following percentage splits: 50-50-0-0(N1), 35-35-0-30(N2), and 35-0-35-30(N3), using 300 kg N ha-1, with 0 kg N ha-1(N0) as control. ^(15)N-labeled(20.14 atom %) urea was used to trace the fate of N in microplots. The yields of wheat and peanut increased by 12.4% and 15.4% under the N2 and N3 treatments, relative to those under the N1 treatment. The ^(15)N recovery efficiencies( ^(15)NRE) were 64.9% and 58.1% for treatments N2 and N3, significantly greater than that for the N1 treatment(45.3%). The potential N loss rates for the treatments N2 and N3 were23.7% and 7.0%, significantly lower than that for treatment N1(30.1%). Withholding N supply until the booting stage(N3) did not reduce the wheat grain yield; however, it increased the N content derived from ^(15)N-labeled urea in peanuts, promoted the distribution of ^(15)N to pods, and ultimately increased pod yields in comparison with those obtained by topdressing N at jointing stage(N2). In comparison with N2, the N uptake and N recovery efficiency(NRE) of N3 was increased by 12.0% and 24.1%,respectively, while the apparent N loss decreased by 16.7%. In conclusion, applying N fertilizer with three splits and delaying topdressing fertilization until G40 of winter wheat increased total grain yields and NRE and reduced N loss. This practice could be an environment-friendly N management strategy for wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in China.展开更多
Through wheat interplanting with peanuts,it is able to make full use of the light and heat resources in the growing season to achieve high yield of both wheat and peanuts in two seasons of one year.Wheat interplanting...Through wheat interplanting with peanuts,it is able to make full use of the light and heat resources in the growing season to achieve high yield of both wheat and peanuts in two seasons of one year.Wheat interplanting with peanuts is one of the main cultivation methods of wheat and oil crop double cropping system,and has very broad development prospects in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.This paper summarized high-yield the high-efficiency and standardized cultivation techniques for wheat interplanting with peanuts,including crop rotation,proper deep ploughing,balanced fertilization,rational matching of fine varieties,interplanting at suitable time,sowing according to certain specification,and enhancing the field management.This can be used as reference for high-yield and high-efficiency standardized cultivation technique for wheat interplanting with peanuts.展开更多
采用2017年河南省联合体麦套两组花生多点区试数据,利用最佳线性无偏估计(best linear unbiased prediction,BLUP)处理产量及其相关的10个主要农艺性状,以BLUP值为基础进行遗传力和遗传变异、相关性、通径、主成分分析,解析剔除环境效...采用2017年河南省联合体麦套两组花生多点区试数据,利用最佳线性无偏估计(best linear unbiased prediction,BLUP)处理产量及其相关的10个主要农艺性状,以BLUP值为基础进行遗传力和遗传变异、相关性、通径、主成分分析,解析剔除环境效应后不同农艺性状对产量的影响,为快速准确选育高产麦套花生品种提供理论依据;通过主成分综合评价,筛选适合黄淮麦套的高产大果花生品种。遗传力分析表明,百仁质量、百果质量的遗传力较高,结果枝数、单株生产力、饱果率的遗传力较低;遗传变异分析显示,变异系数范围出仁率最小,单株果数最大;相关性分析表明,百果质量、百仁质量、饱果率与产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),主茎高、侧枝长、结果枝数和单株果数与产量呈极显著负相关(P<0.001);通径分析显示,主茎高与产量直接通径系数最大,为1.183,其次是百果质量、百仁质量,分别为0.499、0.453;主成分分析显示,11个性状可提取出3个主成分因子,分别与产量、株型、单株果数相关,遗传贡献率分别为42.26%、26.03%、11.12%,累计达79.41%。黄淮麦套大果花生选育时,可在早期世代选择百仁质量、百果质量,高世代选择结果枝数、单株生产力和饱果率;注重百果质量、百仁质量、饱果率性状选择可提高选育效率。濮学花0815、开农86、商花21号、开农79和郑农花18号具有较好的株型、产量和单株果数因子,适宜在黄淮麦套花生生产区种植推广。展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(2009BADA6B06)
文摘To find an effective method for ensiling peanut vine （PV）, fermentation characteristics and nutritional values of PV silage and the mixture of PV with corn stover （CS） silage in a ratio of 1 ： 1 fresh weight, prepared by adding lactic acid bacteria （LAB）, 10% wheat bran （WB） and LAB＋WB at ensiling were evaluated in 2009 and 2010. The fermentation qualities of PV silage ensiled with the LAB and WB additives were improved compared with those of the control （PV ensiled alone）. However, the pH did not decline to the critical level of 4.2, and the nutritional values of the silage were not protected against losses in the LAB and WB addition silages. Ensiling PV in mixture with CS generated optimal moisture content and buffering capacity （BC） of ensiled materials. After adding the LAB and WB additives to mixture silage, especially adding LAB＋WB, the fermentation qualities and nutritional values of the mixture silage were improved significantly （P〈0.05）, and the Flieg＇s score reached to 99. The result suggested that it is a feasible method to ensile the mixed materials of PV with CS by adding LAB and high concentration of water soluble-carbohydrate materials for providing a good fermentation quality of PV silage.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2014BAD11B04-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30840056, 31171496)Shandong Modern Agricultural Technology and Industry System (SDAIT-04-01)
文摘Agronomically optimizing the timing and rates of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application can increase crop yield and decrease N loss to the environment. Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)–peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) relay intercropping systems are a mainstay of economic and food security in China. We performed a field experiment to investigate the effects of N fertilizer on N recovery efficiency, crop yield, and N loss rate in wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China during 2015–2017. The N was applied on the day before sowing, the jointing stage(G30) or the booting stage(G40) of winter wheat, and the anthesis stage(R1) of peanut in the following percentage splits: 50-50-0-0(N1), 35-35-0-30(N2), and 35-0-35-30(N3), using 300 kg N ha-1, with 0 kg N ha-1(N0) as control. ^(15)N-labeled(20.14 atom %) urea was used to trace the fate of N in microplots. The yields of wheat and peanut increased by 12.4% and 15.4% under the N2 and N3 treatments, relative to those under the N1 treatment. The ^(15)N recovery efficiencies( ^(15)NRE) were 64.9% and 58.1% for treatments N2 and N3, significantly greater than that for the N1 treatment(45.3%). The potential N loss rates for the treatments N2 and N3 were23.7% and 7.0%, significantly lower than that for treatment N1(30.1%). Withholding N supply until the booting stage(N3) did not reduce the wheat grain yield; however, it increased the N content derived from ^(15)N-labeled urea in peanuts, promoted the distribution of ^(15)N to pods, and ultimately increased pod yields in comparison with those obtained by topdressing N at jointing stage(N2). In comparison with N2, the N uptake and N recovery efficiency(NRE) of N3 was increased by 12.0% and 24.1%,respectively, while the apparent N loss decreased by 16.7%. In conclusion, applying N fertilizer with three splits and delaying topdressing fertilization until G40 of winter wheat increased total grain yields and NRE and reduced N loss. This practice could be an environment-friendly N management strategy for wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in China.
基金Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province,China(2018YFJH0601)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2018E21,CXGC2018B05).
文摘Through wheat interplanting with peanuts,it is able to make full use of the light and heat resources in the growing season to achieve high yield of both wheat and peanuts in two seasons of one year.Wheat interplanting with peanuts is one of the main cultivation methods of wheat and oil crop double cropping system,and has very broad development prospects in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.This paper summarized high-yield the high-efficiency and standardized cultivation techniques for wheat interplanting with peanuts,including crop rotation,proper deep ploughing,balanced fertilization,rational matching of fine varieties,interplanting at suitable time,sowing according to certain specification,and enhancing the field management.This can be used as reference for high-yield and high-efficiency standardized cultivation technique for wheat interplanting with peanuts.
文摘采用2017年河南省联合体麦套两组花生多点区试数据,利用最佳线性无偏估计(best linear unbiased prediction,BLUP)处理产量及其相关的10个主要农艺性状,以BLUP值为基础进行遗传力和遗传变异、相关性、通径、主成分分析,解析剔除环境效应后不同农艺性状对产量的影响,为快速准确选育高产麦套花生品种提供理论依据;通过主成分综合评价,筛选适合黄淮麦套的高产大果花生品种。遗传力分析表明,百仁质量、百果质量的遗传力较高,结果枝数、单株生产力、饱果率的遗传力较低;遗传变异分析显示,变异系数范围出仁率最小,单株果数最大;相关性分析表明,百果质量、百仁质量、饱果率与产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),主茎高、侧枝长、结果枝数和单株果数与产量呈极显著负相关(P<0.001);通径分析显示,主茎高与产量直接通径系数最大,为1.183,其次是百果质量、百仁质量,分别为0.499、0.453;主成分分析显示,11个性状可提取出3个主成分因子,分别与产量、株型、单株果数相关,遗传贡献率分别为42.26%、26.03%、11.12%,累计达79.41%。黄淮麦套大果花生选育时,可在早期世代选择百仁质量、百果质量,高世代选择结果枝数、单株生产力和饱果率;注重百果质量、百仁质量、饱果率性状选择可提高选育效率。濮学花0815、开农86、商花21号、开农79和郑农花18号具有较好的株型、产量和单株果数因子,适宜在黄淮麦套花生生产区种植推广。
