Characterization of Air Pollution in Urban Areas of Yangtze River Delta,China

The hallmark of development in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) of East China has been sprawling urbanization. However, air pollution is a significant problem in these urban areas. In this paper, we investigated and analyzed the air pollution index(API) in four cities(Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Ningbo) in the YRD from 2001 to 2012. We attempted to empirically examine the relationship between meteorological factors and air quality in the urban areas of the YRD. According to the monitoring data, the API in Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou slightly declined and that in Ningbo increased over the study period. We analyzed the inter-annual, seasonal, and monthly variations of API, from which we found that the air quality had different temporal changes in the four cities. It was indicated that air quality was poor in winter and spring and best in summer. Furthermore, different weather conditions affected air quality level. The wind direction was considered as an important and influential factor to air pollution, which has an impact on the accumulating or cleaning processes of pollutants. The air quality was influenced by the different wind directions that varied with seasons and cities.

FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION MODES ALONG THE CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN LINE AND ITS DELTA AREA

The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in China. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifically in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line.

Projection of the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta's potential submerged area due to sea level rise during the 21st century based on CMIP5 simulations

Projections of potential submerged area due to sea level rise are helpful for improving understanding of the influence of ongoing global warming on coastal areas. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition method is used to adaptively decompose the sea level time series in order to extract the secular trend component. Then the linear relationship between the global mean sea level （GMSL） change and the Zhujiang （Pearl） River Delta （PRD） sea level change is calculated： an increase of 1.0 m in the GMSL corresponds to a 1.3 m （uncertainty interval from 1.25 to 1.46 m） increase in the PRD. Based on this relationship and the GMSL rise projected by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios （representative concentration pathways, or RCPs, from low to high emission scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5）, the PRD sea level is calculated and projected for the period 2006-2100. By around the year 2050, the PRD sea level will rise 0.29 （0.21 to 0.40） m under RCP2.6, 0.31 （0.22 to 0.42） m under RCP4.5, and 0.34 （0.25 to 0.46） m under RCP8.5, respectively. By 2100, it will rise 0.59 （0.36 to 0.88） m, 0.71 （0.47 to 1.02） m, and 1.0 （0.68 to 1.41） m, respectively. In addition, considering the extreme value of relative sea level due to land subsidence （i.e., 0.20 m） and that obtained from intermonthly variability （i.e., 0.33 m）, the PRD sea level will rise 1.94 m by the year 2100 under the RCP8.5 scenario with the upper uncertainty level （i.e., 1.41 m）. Accordingly, the potential submerged area is 8.57x103 km2 for the PRD, about 1.3 times its present area.

Tows Matrix Analysis on Developing Urban Agriculture in the Pearl River Delta Area

Based on the introduction of the profile of Pearl River Delta area, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of developing urban agricultural in Pearl River Delta area are analyzed by using the SWOT analysis. The strengths are analyzed from three aspects, covering natural resources, geographic advantages and technological advantages; the weaknesses are analyzed from the terms of land resources, labor cost, industrial scale and quality of personnel involved; opportunities are analyzed from the aspects of potential clients, favorable policies and markets; the threats are analyzed from two aspects, including concept factor and income gap between urban and rural areas. on the basis of the above analyses, the countermeasures and suggestions on the development of urban agriculture in the Pearl River Delta area are put forward.

Distributional characteristics and sources of elements in soil from typical area of Pearl River Delta economic zone, Guangdong Province, China

Dongguan City, located in the Pearl River Delta economic zone of China, is famous for its rapid developing township-enterprises in the past 30 years. A total of 759 composite soil samples, including 606 surface soil samples and 153 deep soil samples, have been collected in the city. These samples have been analyzed for 13elements(Al, As, Cu, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si,and Zn) and other parameters(p H values and organic matter) to evaluate the influence of anthropic activities on the soil environmental quality and to identify the spatial distribution of heavy metals and their possible sources. The results indicate that the average concentrations of heavy metals in soil were significantly lower than the threshold of the second grade of the Soil Environment Quality Standard in China(GB15618-1995) and the soil environmental quality in this area is comparatively good. But in comparison with local soil geochemical baseline values, As,Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn have accumulated remarkably.Specifically, the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and Hg in the small part samples of the west plain and central areas are higher than the national second-grade quality standard, indicating some level of contamination. Multivariate and geostatistical methods have been applied to differentiate the influences of natural processes and human activities on the concentration of heavy metals in surface soils in the study area. Cluster and factor analyses result in the grouping of Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Si into factor F1; Co, Mn, Pb, and Zn into F2; and Cd and Hg into F3.The spatial pattern of the three factors may be well demonstrated by geostatistical analysis. It is shown that the first factor could be considered as a natural source controlled by parent material. The second factor could be referred to as ‘‘industrial and traffic pollution sources' '. The source of the third factor is mainly controlled by long-term anthropic activities, including agricultural activities, fossil fuel consumption, and atmospheric deposition.

Legislation on protection of drinking water sources and local management practices in the Pearl River Delta region of China

The protection of drinking water sources is vital to urban development and public health.In this study,the current situation of the mandatory protection area for drinking water source in the Pearl River Delta region was investigated using a method combining Google Earth with the field survey.The gaps between management practices and legislation requirements were analyzed.Finally,several countermeasures for water resource protection were proposed as follows:to promote delineation in a more scientific way,to safeguard the sanctity of the law,to make better plan on water saving,and to encourage public participation in supervision and management.

Yangtze River Delta,The Works of Nature

The Yangtze River Delta or Yangtze Delta.also called Chang Jiang Delta,or the Golden Triangle of the Yangtze,genelallv comprises the triangular-shaped territory of Wu-speaking Shanghai,southern Jiangsu province and northern Zhejiang province of China.The area lies at the heart of the region traditionally called Jiangnan.The Yangtze River drains into the East China Sea.

The Influence of the Urban-Rural Income Disparity on the Industrial Structure—Taking the Yangtze River Delta Region as an Example

In this paper, the effect of the mediation effect is mainly used to test and analyze the regression model, and most scholars have studied the impact of the modernization of the industrial structure on the income gap. However, this paper is from another perspective, based on the social background of high-quality development, the main study is the impact mechanism of urban and rural income gap on the industrial structure, taking the Yangtze River Delta as the main research object, and specifically selecting 22 central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, which is also one of the highlights of this study. The regression model is constructed by using the intermediary effect, and the four intermediary variables of fiscal expenditure (M1), fixed asset investment (M2), number of patent applications (M3), and total import and export (M4) are selected, which represent the role of the government, fixed asset investment, scientific and technological level and opening-up level, and study and analyze the inherent influence mechanism between each variable. Before doing specific research, I consulted the papers and literature of many other outstanding scholars, among which Cheng Yuhong and Cheng Chi’s “The Influence Mechanism of industrial structure of urban and rural income gap” [1] has great reference value for this paper. According to the research results, under the background of high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta region, the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural areas will inhibit the upgrading of the industrial structure, so it is necessary to focus on building a new type of urbanization, accelerating the construction of an urban innovation system, optimizing the rural employment structure to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and providing impetus for the continuous upgrading of the industrial structure.

鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田二叠系山西组砂体叠置模式及油气开发意义

河流相砂体储层构型对致密砂岩中相对优质储层的分布规律和天然气开发具有重要意义。通过野外地质剖面和钻井岩心观察,结合测井、录井和岩心分析测试资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田大12井区二叠系山西组致密砂岩的砂体构型要素、叠置模式及油气开发意义进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田大12井区二叠系山西组发育六级复合辫流带和五级单一辫流带,其中单一辫流带包括河床(分流河道)和河漫共2个四级构型单元,河道内单个心滩沉积包含有三级增生体和落淤层;(2)辫状河三角洲平原五级单一辫流带中的四级泛滥平原沉积较辫状河河漫沉积更加发育,辫状河心滩沉积中落淤层欠发育;(3)山西组上部山2-2亚段辫状河单一辫流带内砂体呈“河道-心滩”连续沉积,泥质不发育,砂体叠置程度高(多呈复合式叠置)、连通性好,优质储层多;(4)山西组中下部山1段和山2-1亚段三角洲平原沉积中,西部河道连片性好,砂体以复合式和侧拼式叠置样式为主,连通性和生产效果均较好,东部砂体多为孤立式和侧接式,砂体钻遇率低,单井产量差。

数字经济产业区域协同发展机理及路径研究--基于江西与粤港澳、长三角、长江中游城市群协同发展视角

数字经济产业区域协同发展对推动区域经济效率变革、质量变革和动力变革具有积极推动作用。近年来,江西充分发挥毗邻粤港澳大湾区、长三角以及位居长江中游城市群的地理优势,积极推动数字经济产业区域协同发展,打造了赣深电子信息产业集聚区、承接长三角数字产业转移示范区、赣湘电子信息产业园等,为江西数字经济产业高质量发展奠定了扎实基础,但是在数字经济产业区域协同发展过程中仍然存在协同规划缺乏、协同层次偏低、协同结构失衡、产业数字化滞后、数字技术协同创新弱和数据要素共建共享不畅等问题。这需从强化规划引领、提高协同层次、优化协同结构、加快数字化转型、推动数字技术协同创新和促进数据互联互通共用等方面加以破解。

都市圈时空演变特征及溢出效应——来自长三角城市与企业证据

在“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要中,明确提出了“发挥中心城市和城市群带动作用,建设现代化都市圈”的重要任务,这是深入贯彻落实新型城镇化和区域协调发展战略的关键内容。都市圈通过“中心—外围”结构促进要素自由流动,释放市场活力和社会创造力,成为推动经济高质量发展和城市能级跃升的核心动力,这将对区域发展带来怎样的影响?这种影响对跨边界或不同空间特征城市是否存在差异?何种原因导致了这样的差异?以长三角地区都市圈的丰富实践经验,将为越来越多加入现代化都市圈的城市提供怎样的经验参考?厘清上述问题,将有助于更深入地分析中国都市圈发展现状与形成机制,对城市经济发展和区域经济一体化的理论研究和政策制定具有重要的现实意义。首先,文章采用空间计量模型对中国城市统计年鉴数据进行研究,分析了长三角地区城市经济发展时空演变特征,聚焦都市圈对区域经济发展的作用。研究发现,相对于长三角全域,在都市圈范围内的城市经济发展均衡程度更高,并且都市圈经济发展存在显著的溢出效应。其次,文章基于中国工业企业数据库,构建了城市群层面的产业数据。为了克服内生性挑战,文章采用份额移动法构造Bartik工具变量,识别了都市圈中心城市对外围城市的产业层面溢出效应。考虑产业关联效应的影响,文章检验了两地间产业结构相似度的作用,并发现中心城市与外围城市之间的产业结构相似度越高,中心城市的溢出效应越强。与此同时,受多个增长极与单一增长极影响的外围城市获得的溢出效应存在差异。由于受多增长极影响的外围城市能吸引更多劳动力,因而其溢出效应更为显著。最后,文章还发现都市圈空间溢出能够突破行政边界,这有助于地方政府协调,进而增强中心城市的溢出效应。为了加速培育和壮大都市圈,我们应积极发挥中心城市主导的溢出效应,以都市圈一体化推动区域协调发展。同时,还应支持多中心多层级都市圈融合联动发展,深化都市圈合作与分工。此外,我们还需要创新都市圈城市利益共享合作机制,积极探索都市圈一体化体制机制创新,着力打破条块分割,助力消除行政区之间的隐形障碍。

新发展理念视角下民族地区高质量发展测度与区域差异研究

以新发展理念为视角,从创新发展、协调发展、绿色发展、开放发展与共享发展五个维度,结合全局熵值法构建民族地区指标评价体系对其经济发展质量进行测度,并与长三角地区的经济质量发展作对比。评价结果表明,民族地区经济发展质量整体提升,但发展趋势存在差异,与发达地区的经济相比尚需提高,通过实证模型确认二者发展水平差异的内部因素,进一步通过Dagum基尼系数分解探讨影响民族地区高质量发展的外部因素,并提出相应的政策建议。

区域医疗器械发展态势分析——以粤港澳大湾区与长三角地区产业集群为例

目的 客观分析粤港澳大湾区和长三角地区医疗器械发展态势,评估各城市产业布局和发展水平,为国家、区域产业规划和政策制定提供参考。方法 从宏观区域、中观城市和微观产品布局3个层面定量分析并对比两区域医疗器械营收、企业和产品情况。结果 粤港澳大湾区和长三角地区是我国医疗器械集群发展区域,产业规模和营收位居全国前列,呈现明显的上升趋势。其中,深圳市、上海市、苏州市等城市医疗器械企业分布集中,生产第二类、第三类医疗器械的企业占比较高,且有较高的企业活跃度和新注册产品数量。粤港澳大湾区在体外诊断试剂(In Vitro Diagnostic Products,IVD)、医用软件、医用成像器械等方面的生产优势显著,长三角地区的产品布局在IVD、医用成像器械、治疗器械和高分子医用材料方面较为密集,区域内各城市之间形成一定互补。结论 两区域医疗器械发展优势明显,继续加强政策引导和科技、金融投入,激励产业产品持续提质升级,基于本地优势实现区域差异化互补,以及充分利用区位优势是两区域医疗器械产业可采取的发展策略。

政府行为和技术创新如何影响金融服务实体经济效率?——基于长三角四大都市圈的实证研究

当前区域间金融资源配置不平衡现象突出,地区金融服务实体经济效率存在较大差异。基于2012-2022年相关数据,以长三角四大都市圈为研究对象,从全要素生产率角度测算金融服务实体经济效率水平及区域差异;对政府行为和技术创新对金融服务实体经济效率水平的影响进行实证分析,并探究不同地区呈现的差异。研究发现,加强技术创新对提高金融服务实体经济效率有显著的促进作用,而政府过度干预则会降低金融服务实体经济效率。基于研究结论提出以下建议:促进金融资源跨区域流动,缩小地区间效率差异;政府适度干预,由“生产型政府”向“服务型政府”转型;以实体经济融资需求为导向,激励企业持续技术创新;改善实体经济融资结构,提高直接融资比重。

粤港澳大湾区建设对区域市场一体化程度的影响研究

为探究区域战略变动对周边区域市场一体化程度的影响,文章以粤港澳大湾区建设准自然实验法替换了常见的时间序列检验,基于双重差分模型考察了粤港澳大湾区建设对所在珠三角地区市场一体化程度的影响。研究发现,粤港澳大湾区建设能显著促进珠三角地区的市场一体化发展。文章据此提出,应该进一步推动粤港澳大湾区战略的实施,同时要进一步加强区域间协作。

高铁网络发展下的站城空间与功能关系研究--以长三角地区为例

在过去近20年里,中国高铁网络化已成为城市和区域空间发展的重要推动力,各级政府也在不同层面上实施了高铁站区建设与城市空间协同发展策略。为此,建立站城空间及站城功能联系的分析框架,以长三角为案例区,探讨不同类型高铁站的站区发育及站城关系特征。结果表明,长三角地区高铁站城联系具有较大的分异特征,大多站区功能发育水平较低,区域中心城市和部分地级城市与其主要高铁站区之间相互强化发展,而其他高铁城市与站区之间功能联系有待提升,不同类型高铁站的站城功能联系发育水平受站区、城市和区域因素的交互影响。结合站区发展潜力、地区差异化的高铁出行需求、城市空间发展规划,建议提升站城交通服务质量、分类分级培育站区主导功能、优化站城功能联系。

珠三角产业型地区全域土地综合整治路径探讨——以佛山市狮山镇为例

长期以来,以村级工业园为代表的“村域经济”造成珠三角地区受到土地效益低和空间质量低的双重桎梏,亟需通过土地整治唤醒城市活力。文章以广东省佛山市狮山镇为例,剖析了产业主导型地区全域土地综合整治的空间困境,构建整治逻辑框架、明晰工作路径,以产业、城镇、农业、生态四类空间聚合的“四集中”为主线,以“城镇空间分片融合、产业空间集聚提质、农业空间增量提质、生态空间织补成网”为空间支撑,空间治理、政策机制复合施策,探索形成“调查评估—目标制定—组织路径—整治举措—示范片区—配套政策”的实施路径,实现重构空间格局、再造产业集群、重塑城市形态、再修生态环境。

长三角地区城区面积−绿地面积异速增长关系及协调性研究

城区面积与绿地面积发展关系是影响城市新型城镇化质量提高的关键问题。以长三角地区为研究区,利用异速增长模型和耦合协调度模型探讨2000―2020年城区面积与绿地面积的发展关系,分析城区面积−绿地面积异速增长与耦合协调的交互规律及影响因素。研究发现:①长三角城区面积和绿地面积呈现出“一极多核”的空间结构,其结构具有较强的稳定性。时间上,异速增长关系类型沿着绿地扩张弱型−城区绿地基本协调型−绿地扩张弱型演进;空间上,以绿地扩张弱型城市为主,即正异速增长型城市数量占据主导地位。②长三角城区面积与绿地面积的协调度总体呈上升趋势,协调度格局具有较强的稳定性,在空间上呈“东高西低”的分布格局,协调度空间差异呈扩大态势。③长三角城区面积与绿地面积协调度类型的数量结构由“金字塔型”转变为“橄榄型”,正异速增长型城市协调度趋于上升且空间差异较大,负异速增长型城市协调度趋于下降且空间差异较大。④城镇化率、人均GDP和人口密度对耦合协调度影响较强,第三产业比重、固定资产投资率、财政自给率耦合协调度和异速增长均有不同程度影响,各因素对耦合协调度的影响均超过异速增长。

珠三角国家森林城市群生态安全格局变化与空间优化识别

识别生态安全格局(ESP)对于区域经济可持续发展和生态保护平衡具有重要意义。面向珠三角国家森林城市群规划建设,应用形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)、电路理论、空间设计网络分析(sDNA)等方法,通过构建珠三角森林城市群建设前后的生态廊道网络,识别了景观形态、拓扑连通性及其指示的生态格局时空演变,结合规划功能区的土地利用变化和网络连通特征,探讨了珠三角森林城市群生态安全格局空间优化的识别结果。研究结果表明:(1)2015、2020年生态景观形态变化,生态源地核心(core)类型面积和生态廊道长度占比明显增加,分别为14.97%、0.40%,生态斑块聚集与连通增加是当前生态格局变化的主要特征;(2)珠三角的东部、西部森林生态屏障和南部沿海生态防护带(两屏一带)的连通性潜力明显增加,高、中高、中低连通性的生态廊道占比分别增加2.65%、6.98%和8.25%,形成合理提升的生态网络连通结构。(3)集成生态源地重要性与生态廊道连通性、生态断裂点的优化目标,从生态点-线-面基质构建优先保护修复区识别准则,结果识别得到优先保护的重要生态源地面积为14656.06km^(2),优先修复的生态廊道有930.69km及246个断裂点,进一步为空间优化识别与安全格局提升探明路径。总体上,2020年珠三角森林城市群建设提升了“两屏一带”的生态安全格局,生态源地与网络连通性的增加揭示了城市群中心生态格局的提升和沿海防护带生态修复优化空间的识别结果,指示了加强城市群与沿海生态廊道建设的必要性,从工程修复视角为森林城市群生态安全格局识别与空间优化提供科学参考依据。