Background: Cycling as a means of transport contributes to public health in terms of increasing the physical activity behaviour and reducing air pollution. In comparison to walking, cycling-spe cific environmental cha...Background: Cycling as a means of transport contributes to public health in terms of increasing the physical activity behaviour and reducing air pollution. In comparison to walking, cycling-spe cific environmental characteristics have been less investigated. The aim of this study was to develop, based on geographic information systems (GIS) data, a bikeability index for a mid-sized European city, to examine the predictive validity of the index and to visualize the bicycle-friendliness of the city by creating a bikeability map. Methods: Using GIS data, we assessed the environmental characteristics of 278 bicycle trips in the city of Graz, Austria. Characteristics which differed significantly between the actually taken and shortest possible routes were used to form an additive bikeability index and the bikeability map for 100 m × 100 m cells. The relationship between the cycling behaviour and the bikeability index around the home environment was examined to assess the predictive validity of the index. Results: Three environmental components (cycling infrastructure, bicycle pathways and green areas) were positively related, and two components (main roads, and topography) were negatively related to the actually used route. These components formed the bikeability index, which was positively correlated with cycling behaviour (OR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.17). The final outcome is a high-resolution coloured map indicating the degree of bicycle-friendliness in the city of Graz. Conclusion: Mapping based on the bikeability index helps to visualize the bicycle-friendliness of an urban area. Therefore, it should be a useful tool for the planning as well as for the evaluation of the transport environments in cities.展开更多
In the context of banning gated communities, blocks returning to the human-oriented scale become the new normal, and pedestrian system design will be paid more attention in the urban planning field. Oct-Loft Creative ...In the context of banning gated communities, blocks returning to the human-oriented scale become the new normal, and pedestrian system design will be paid more attention in the urban planning field. Oct-Loft Creative Park is a template for open blocks in Shenzhen, with a convenient and humanized pedestrian system. This paper selects the creative park's pedestrian system as the research object, using the environment-behavior theory for analysis. Finally, optimization strategies of pedestrian system will be put forward.展开更多
Field observations illustrated that, right-turn vehicles stopped at various positions when proceeding within the right-turn lanes, while some of them trespassed on the crosswalks with multiple stops. In this case, ped...Field observations illustrated that, right-turn vehicles stopped at various positions when proceeding within the right-turn lanes, while some of them trespassed on the crosswalks with multiple stops. In this case, pedestrians and bikes (ped/bike) are encountered unsmooth and hazardous crossings when right-turn vehicles encroaching their lanes. Meanwhile, this also causes conflicts between right-turn and through vehicles at the crossing street. To better protect ped/bike at crossings with right-turn vehicles, this paper proposes a concept of “right-turn vehicle box” (RTVB) as a supplemental treatment within right-turn lanes. Sight distance, geometric conditions, and behaviors of vehicles and ped/bike are key factors to consider so as to set up the criteria and to design the suitable treatment. A case study was conducted at an intersection pair in Houston, USA to shape the idea of RTVB, together with driving simulator tests under relevant scenarios. The preliminary crosscheck examination shows that the right-turn vehicle box could possibly provide ped/ bike with smoother and safer crossings. In the interim, the safety and efficiency of right-turn operations were also improved. To further validate the effects, implementation studies should be conducted before the RTVB can make its debut in practice. Future works will focus on the complete warrants and design details of this treatment. Moreover, the concept of “vehicle box” could also be transplanted to other places where turning movement(s) needs assistance or improvements.展开更多
Walkability is an essential aspect of urban transportation systems. Properly designed walking paths can enhance transportation safety, encourage pedestrian activity, and improve community quality of life. This, in tur...Walkability is an essential aspect of urban transportation systems. Properly designed walking paths can enhance transportation safety, encourage pedestrian activity, and improve community quality of life. This, in turn, can help achieve sustainable development goals in urban areas. This pilot study uses wearable technology data to present a new method for measuring pedestrian stress in urban environments and the results were presented as an interactive geographic information system map to support risk-informed decision-making. The approach involves analyzing data from wearable devices using heart rate variability (RMSSD and slope analysis) to identify high-stress locations. This data-driven approach can help urban planners and safety experts identify and address pedestrian stressors, ultimately creating safer, more walkable cities. The study addresses a significant challenge in pedestrian safety by providing insights into factors and locations that trigger stress in pedestrians. During the pilot study, high-stress pedestrian experiences were identified due to issues like pedestrian-scooter interaction on pedestrian paths, pedestrian behavior around high foot traffic areas, and poor visibility at pedestrian crossings due to inadequate lighting.展开更多
With the development of business management model,commercial spaces have required more and more supporting services from the city.However,although commercial pedestrian streets lying on historical blocks have advantag...With the development of business management model,commercial spaces have required more and more supporting services from the city.However,although commercial pedestrian streets lying on historical blocks have advantages in geological culture,they are not able to organically combine with the city environment,landscape creation on such streets have more and more problems.Taking the Five Horses Street in Wenzhou City for an example,this study through field investigation and document consultation proposes the principles and approaches of creating landscapes in historical commercial pedestrian streets,to provide support for the rational utilization of such streets.展开更多
为提高移动机器人的跟随精度,对深度相机(RGB-D相机)测距进行研究,提出一种基于MRSD(Mask R-CNN and S2R-DepthNet)的移动机器人跟随系统。引入实例分割算法(Mask R-CNN)获取行人的前景掩膜;以掩膜为指导从深度图像中获取准确的行人区...为提高移动机器人的跟随精度,对深度相机(RGB-D相机)测距进行研究,提出一种基于MRSD(Mask R-CNN and S2R-DepthNet)的移动机器人跟随系统。引入实例分割算法(Mask R-CNN)获取行人的前景掩膜;以掩膜为指导从深度图像中获取准确的行人区域深度像素,引入深度估计算法(S2R-DepthNet)从彩色图像中推理深度图像以替换深度传感器引起的无效深度像素,提高测距的精度;建立基于Sage-Husa自适应滤波(SHAKF)的测距模型,提高量测信息异常情况下的测距鲁棒性,实现稳定跟随。实验结果表明,该方法能以设定距离准确跟随前方行人。展开更多
文摘Background: Cycling as a means of transport contributes to public health in terms of increasing the physical activity behaviour and reducing air pollution. In comparison to walking, cycling-spe cific environmental characteristics have been less investigated. The aim of this study was to develop, based on geographic information systems (GIS) data, a bikeability index for a mid-sized European city, to examine the predictive validity of the index and to visualize the bicycle-friendliness of the city by creating a bikeability map. Methods: Using GIS data, we assessed the environmental characteristics of 278 bicycle trips in the city of Graz, Austria. Characteristics which differed significantly between the actually taken and shortest possible routes were used to form an additive bikeability index and the bikeability map for 100 m × 100 m cells. The relationship between the cycling behaviour and the bikeability index around the home environment was examined to assess the predictive validity of the index. Results: Three environmental components (cycling infrastructure, bicycle pathways and green areas) were positively related, and two components (main roads, and topography) were negatively related to the actually used route. These components formed the bikeability index, which was positively correlated with cycling behaviour (OR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.17). The final outcome is a high-resolution coloured map indicating the degree of bicycle-friendliness in the city of Graz. Conclusion: Mapping based on the bikeability index helps to visualize the bicycle-friendliness of an urban area. Therefore, it should be a useful tool for the planning as well as for the evaluation of the transport environments in cities.
文摘In the context of banning gated communities, blocks returning to the human-oriented scale become the new normal, and pedestrian system design will be paid more attention in the urban planning field. Oct-Loft Creative Park is a template for open blocks in Shenzhen, with a convenient and humanized pedestrian system. This paper selects the creative park's pedestrian system as the research object, using the environment-behavior theory for analysis. Finally, optimization strategies of pedestrian system will be put forward.
文摘Field observations illustrated that, right-turn vehicles stopped at various positions when proceeding within the right-turn lanes, while some of them trespassed on the crosswalks with multiple stops. In this case, pedestrians and bikes (ped/bike) are encountered unsmooth and hazardous crossings when right-turn vehicles encroaching their lanes. Meanwhile, this also causes conflicts between right-turn and through vehicles at the crossing street. To better protect ped/bike at crossings with right-turn vehicles, this paper proposes a concept of “right-turn vehicle box” (RTVB) as a supplemental treatment within right-turn lanes. Sight distance, geometric conditions, and behaviors of vehicles and ped/bike are key factors to consider so as to set up the criteria and to design the suitable treatment. A case study was conducted at an intersection pair in Houston, USA to shape the idea of RTVB, together with driving simulator tests under relevant scenarios. The preliminary crosscheck examination shows that the right-turn vehicle box could possibly provide ped/ bike with smoother and safer crossings. In the interim, the safety and efficiency of right-turn operations were also improved. To further validate the effects, implementation studies should be conducted before the RTVB can make its debut in practice. Future works will focus on the complete warrants and design details of this treatment. Moreover, the concept of “vehicle box” could also be transplanted to other places where turning movement(s) needs assistance or improvements.
文摘Walkability is an essential aspect of urban transportation systems. Properly designed walking paths can enhance transportation safety, encourage pedestrian activity, and improve community quality of life. This, in turn, can help achieve sustainable development goals in urban areas. This pilot study uses wearable technology data to present a new method for measuring pedestrian stress in urban environments and the results were presented as an interactive geographic information system map to support risk-informed decision-making. The approach involves analyzing data from wearable devices using heart rate variability (RMSSD and slope analysis) to identify high-stress locations. This data-driven approach can help urban planners and safety experts identify and address pedestrian stressors, ultimately creating safer, more walkable cities. The study addresses a significant challenge in pedestrian safety by providing insights into factors and locations that trigger stress in pedestrians. During the pilot study, high-stress pedestrian experiences were identified due to issues like pedestrian-scooter interaction on pedestrian paths, pedestrian behavior around high foot traffic areas, and poor visibility at pedestrian crossings due to inadequate lighting.
文摘With the development of business management model,commercial spaces have required more and more supporting services from the city.However,although commercial pedestrian streets lying on historical blocks have advantages in geological culture,they are not able to organically combine with the city environment,landscape creation on such streets have more and more problems.Taking the Five Horses Street in Wenzhou City for an example,this study through field investigation and document consultation proposes the principles and approaches of creating landscapes in historical commercial pedestrian streets,to provide support for the rational utilization of such streets.
文摘为提高移动机器人的跟随精度,对深度相机(RGB-D相机)测距进行研究,提出一种基于MRSD(Mask R-CNN and S2R-DepthNet)的移动机器人跟随系统。引入实例分割算法(Mask R-CNN)获取行人的前景掩膜;以掩膜为指导从深度图像中获取准确的行人区域深度像素,引入深度估计算法(S2R-DepthNet)从彩色图像中推理深度图像以替换深度传感器引起的无效深度像素,提高测距的精度;建立基于Sage-Husa自适应滤波(SHAKF)的测距模型,提高量测信息异常情况下的测距鲁棒性,实现稳定跟随。实验结果表明,该方法能以设定距离准确跟随前方行人。
文摘针对电动自行车交通事故分析中缺少对建成环境因素影响的考虑,对电动自行车交通事故与建成环境的空间交互影响进行研究。将某市划分为2 114个交通小区,采集该市2 640起电动自行车交通事故数据,选取人口统计学特征、道路属性、兴趣点(point of interest,POI)等10个建成环境解释变量进行分析。基于空间计量经济学理论构建空间滞后模型、空间误差模型和空间杜宾模型,通过比选确定最优模型来研究电动自行车事故与建成环境的交互关系。结果表明:空间杜宾模型在拟合度和解释力上优于其他模型;该模型揭示了电动自行车事故与建成环境因素之间的直接效应、间接效应及总体效应,明确了事故发生的空间规律,为电动自行车事故高发区域的识别及预防提供了科学依据。
