Local cattle breeds continue to decline in numbers partly due to the use of high performing breeds in advanced production systems where genetic material of elite animals is widely spread. The objective of this study w...Local cattle breeds continue to decline in numbers partly due to the use of high performing breeds in advanced production systems where genetic material of elite animals is widely spread. The objective of this study was to assess the within and across breed genetic diversity of the Angler and Red-and-White dual-purpose (DP) cattle breeds applying different inbreeding concepts. Classical and ancestral inbreeding coefficients were computed from pedigree data using the gene dropping method. Effective population size was calculated based on the increase of classical inbreeding, and based on ancestral inbreeding to obtain what was termed as ancestral effective population size. Furthermore, the effective number of founders and ancestors were computed to assess the disequilibrium of founder contribution in the reference populations. The analyses were performed separately for each breed and for a combined dataset. The Angler pedigree was more complete (88%) in the first parental generation but completeness declined with increasing pedigree depth. Average classical inbreeding coefficients of inbred individuals were 2.19%, 1.94% and 2.07%, while average Ballou’s ancestral inbreeding coefficients were 3.69%, 1.39% and 2.21% for the Angler, Red-and-White DP and the combined breed pedigree analyses, respectively. Ancestral history coefficient is a novel coefficient and its estimates were similar and strongly correlated to Ballou’s coefficients (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). The effective population size estimates ranged from 156 to 170 for the classical inbreeding based method, and as low as from 50 to 54 for the ancestral history coefficient based method. The effective number of founders and ancestors ranged from 310 to 532, and 90 to 189, respectively. Our results show that the Red Holstein breed is a key progenitor of the breed populations under study. This highlights cross breeding schemes introduced to improve the milk trait performance of the Angler and Red-and-White DP breeds some decades ago.展开更多
目的探讨11个先天性肾上腺皮质异常患儿家系的遗传学特征。方法选择2019年1月至2023年6月确诊的11个先天性肾上腺皮质异常患儿家系作为研究对象。应用全外显子组测序对先证者进行基因变异检测,Sanger测序及MLPA技术进行家系验证。结果1...目的探讨11个先天性肾上腺皮质异常患儿家系的遗传学特征。方法选择2019年1月至2023年6月确诊的11个先天性肾上腺皮质异常患儿家系作为研究对象。应用全外显子组测序对先证者进行基因变异检测,Sanger测序及MLPA技术进行家系验证。结果11个患儿家系经基因诊断。8例为因CYP 21 A 2变异引起的21-羟化酶缺陷导致的先天性肾上腺皮质增生症,1例为CYP 17 A 1变异引起的17-α羟化酶缺乏性先天性肾上腺皮质增生症,1例为STAR变异引起的脂质先天性肾上腺增生,1例为NR0B1变异引起的先天性肾上腺发育不全。CYP21A2基因共检测到7种不同的变异,这7种变异类型中频率最高的位点是c.518T>A,随后为c.293-13C>G与c.1069C>T。STAR检测到的c.780dupG与c.397C>T变异均为未报道的新变异,根据ACMG遗传变异分类标准与指南,c.780 dupG位点评级为致病性变异(PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP4),c.397C>T位点评级为临床意义未明(PM2_Supporting+PM3+PP3+PP4)。NR0B1检测到的c.64_c.65insGAGCGCGAAGC变异为未报道的新变异,该变异评级为可能致病性变异(PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP 4)。结论对临床表型重叠的肾上腺皮质异常患儿,单凭症状和生化指标无法进行可靠鉴别,而早期基因精准诊断对确诊疾病、干预治疗、遗传咨询及生育指导至关重要。展开更多
The genetic diversity of 41 parental lines popularized in commercial hybrid rice production in China was studied by using cluster analysis of morphological traits and simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers. Forty-one ...The genetic diversity of 41 parental lines popularized in commercial hybrid rice production in China was studied by using cluster analysis of morphological traits and simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers. Forty-one entries were assigned into two clusters （i.e. early or medium-maturing cluster; medium or late-maturing cluster） and further assigned into six sub-clusters based on morphological trait cluster analysis, The early or medium-maturing cluster was composed of 15 maintainer lines, four early-maturing restorer lines and two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, and the medium or late-maturing cluster included 16 restorer lines and 4 medium or late-maturing maintainer lines. Moreover, the SSR cluster analysis classified 41 entries into two groups （i.e, maintainer line group and restorer line group） and seven sub-groups. The maintainer line group consisted of all 19 maintainer lines, two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, while the restorer line group was composed of all 20 restorer lines. The SSR analysis fitted better with the pedigree information. From the views on hybrid rice breeding, the results suggested that SSR analysis might be a better method to study the diversity of parental lines in indica hybrid rice.展开更多
为明确我国大麦主栽品种的遗传多样性及其对叶斑病的抗性来源,采用亲缘系数（COP,coefficient of parentage）分析方法对155个主栽大麦品种的遗传系谱进行聚类分析,同时对其中79个供试大麦品种在苗期和成株期分别接种2个强毒性菌株进行...为明确我国大麦主栽品种的遗传多样性及其对叶斑病的抗性来源,采用亲缘系数（COP,coefficient of parentage）分析方法对155个主栽大麦品种的遗传系谱进行聚类分析,同时对其中79个供试大麦品种在苗期和成株期分别接种2个强毒性菌株进行抗性鉴定。结果显示,155个品种聚为6个类群,有亲缘关系的品种占全部品种14.77%。在品种间组成的11935个组合中,1763个组合间存在亲缘关系,其COP值变化范围在0~0.7500之间,亲缘系数总和为157.5867,平均值为0.0132。根据系谱分析发现了不同育种单位所育品种的核心亲本,并追溯其主要的祖先亲本。此外,通过对叶斑病的抗性鉴定,发现大多数供试的大麦品种感叶斑病,高抗品种主要集中在垦啤麦系列品种和蒙啤麦3号,部分华大麦和驻大麦系列的品种在苗期或成株期中抗叶斑病。系谱分析及抗性鉴定结果揭示了我国大麦叶斑病抗性基因存在不同来源,分析结果有利于提高抗叶斑病基因筛选效率和缩小筛选范围,也将促进抗叶斑病新基因资源的发掘和利用。展开更多
基金part of the research activities of the operational group,“Animal Genetic Resources”that operates under the auspices of the Agricultural European Innovation Partnership(EIP-AGRI)projectthe European Commission for providing funds for the project.
文摘Local cattle breeds continue to decline in numbers partly due to the use of high performing breeds in advanced production systems where genetic material of elite animals is widely spread. The objective of this study was to assess the within and across breed genetic diversity of the Angler and Red-and-White dual-purpose (DP) cattle breeds applying different inbreeding concepts. Classical and ancestral inbreeding coefficients were computed from pedigree data using the gene dropping method. Effective population size was calculated based on the increase of classical inbreeding, and based on ancestral inbreeding to obtain what was termed as ancestral effective population size. Furthermore, the effective number of founders and ancestors were computed to assess the disequilibrium of founder contribution in the reference populations. The analyses were performed separately for each breed and for a combined dataset. The Angler pedigree was more complete (88%) in the first parental generation but completeness declined with increasing pedigree depth. Average classical inbreeding coefficients of inbred individuals were 2.19%, 1.94% and 2.07%, while average Ballou’s ancestral inbreeding coefficients were 3.69%, 1.39% and 2.21% for the Angler, Red-and-White DP and the combined breed pedigree analyses, respectively. Ancestral history coefficient is a novel coefficient and its estimates were similar and strongly correlated to Ballou’s coefficients (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). The effective population size estimates ranged from 156 to 170 for the classical inbreeding based method, and as low as from 50 to 54 for the ancestral history coefficient based method. The effective number of founders and ancestors ranged from 310 to 532, and 90 to 189, respectively. Our results show that the Red Holstein breed is a key progenitor of the breed populations under study. This highlights cross breeding schemes introduced to improve the milk trait performance of the Angler and Red-and-White DP breeds some decades ago.
基金In this study, a large number of nationally approved varieties were provided by National Extension and Ser-vice Center of Agricultural Technology. The collection of parental information and cultivar pedigree required significant guidance and help from breeders. Given the limited space, we sincerely thank everyone here. This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation （grant No. 31401410）.
文摘目的探讨11个先天性肾上腺皮质异常患儿家系的遗传学特征。方法选择2019年1月至2023年6月确诊的11个先天性肾上腺皮质异常患儿家系作为研究对象。应用全外显子组测序对先证者进行基因变异检测,Sanger测序及MLPA技术进行家系验证。结果11个患儿家系经基因诊断。8例为因CYP 21 A 2变异引起的21-羟化酶缺陷导致的先天性肾上腺皮质增生症,1例为CYP 17 A 1变异引起的17-α羟化酶缺乏性先天性肾上腺皮质增生症,1例为STAR变异引起的脂质先天性肾上腺增生,1例为NR0B1变异引起的先天性肾上腺发育不全。CYP21A2基因共检测到7种不同的变异,这7种变异类型中频率最高的位点是c.518T>A,随后为c.293-13C>G与c.1069C>T。STAR检测到的c.780dupG与c.397C>T变异均为未报道的新变异,根据ACMG遗传变异分类标准与指南,c.780 dupG位点评级为致病性变异(PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP4),c.397C>T位点评级为临床意义未明(PM2_Supporting+PM3+PP3+PP4)。NR0B1检测到的c.64_c.65insGAGCGCGAAGC变异为未报道的新变异,该变异评级为可能致病性变异(PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP 4)。结论对临床表型重叠的肾上腺皮质异常患儿,单凭症状和生化指标无法进行可靠鉴别,而早期基因精准诊断对确诊疾病、干预治疗、遗传咨询及生育指导至关重要。
文摘The genetic diversity of 41 parental lines popularized in commercial hybrid rice production in China was studied by using cluster analysis of morphological traits and simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers. Forty-one entries were assigned into two clusters （i.e. early or medium-maturing cluster; medium or late-maturing cluster） and further assigned into six sub-clusters based on morphological trait cluster analysis, The early or medium-maturing cluster was composed of 15 maintainer lines, four early-maturing restorer lines and two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, and the medium or late-maturing cluster included 16 restorer lines and 4 medium or late-maturing maintainer lines. Moreover, the SSR cluster analysis classified 41 entries into two groups （i.e, maintainer line group and restorer line group） and seven sub-groups. The maintainer line group consisted of all 19 maintainer lines, two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, while the restorer line group was composed of all 20 restorer lines. The SSR analysis fitted better with the pedigree information. From the views on hybrid rice breeding, the results suggested that SSR analysis might be a better method to study the diversity of parental lines in indica hybrid rice.
文摘为明确我国大麦主栽品种的遗传多样性及其对叶斑病的抗性来源,采用亲缘系数（COP,coefficient of parentage）分析方法对155个主栽大麦品种的遗传系谱进行聚类分析,同时对其中79个供试大麦品种在苗期和成株期分别接种2个强毒性菌株进行抗性鉴定。结果显示,155个品种聚为6个类群,有亲缘关系的品种占全部品种14.77%。在品种间组成的11935个组合中,1763个组合间存在亲缘关系,其COP值变化范围在0~0.7500之间,亲缘系数总和为157.5867,平均值为0.0132。根据系谱分析发现了不同育种单位所育品种的核心亲本,并追溯其主要的祖先亲本。此外,通过对叶斑病的抗性鉴定,发现大多数供试的大麦品种感叶斑病,高抗品种主要集中在垦啤麦系列品种和蒙啤麦3号,部分华大麦和驻大麦系列的品种在苗期或成株期中抗叶斑病。系谱分析及抗性鉴定结果揭示了我国大麦叶斑病抗性基因存在不同来源,分析结果有利于提高抗叶斑病基因筛选效率和缩小筛选范围,也将促进抗叶斑病新基因资源的发掘和利用。
基金The national natural science foundation of China(No.30370770)Young science foundation of SichuanThe programfor Changjiang scholars andinnovative research teamin university,China.
