A numerical model was established to simulate the flow field in a Peirce–Smith converter bath, which is extensively adopted in copper making. The mean phase and velocity distribution, circular area, and mean wall she...A numerical model was established to simulate the flow field in a Peirce–Smith converter bath, which is extensively adopted in copper making. The mean phase and velocity distribution, circular area, and mean wall shear stress were calculated to determine the optimal operation parameter of the converter. The results showed that the slag phase gathered substantially in the dead zone. The circular flow was promoted by increasing the gas flow rate, Q, and decreasing the nozzle height, h. However, these operations significantly aggravate the wall shear stress. Reducing the nozzle diameter, d, increases the injection velocity, which may accelerate the flow field. However, when the nozzle diameter has an interval design, the bubble behaviors cannot be combined, thus, weakening the injection efficiency. Considering the balance between the circular flow and wall shear stress in this model, the optimal operation parameters were Q = 30000–35000 m^3/h, h = 425–525 mm, and d = 40 & 50 mm.展开更多
Peirce's final statements on the sign were consigned in various ways over a hundred years ago as a form of logic,a branch of the science of enquiry based upon observation.This means inevitably that some parts of t...Peirce's final statements on the sign were consigned in various ways over a hundred years ago as a form of logic,a branch of the science of enquiry based upon observation.This means inevitably that some parts of the theory will have been contested or considered superseded by more recent pronouncements on cognitive activity in general,both within and without the field of semiotics.Two such areas that have been host to innovative developments concern central preoccupations of the entire Peircean edifice:the basic unit of semiotics and its function,and ways of looking.First,following Thomas Sebeok's pioneering integration of semiotics and the biological theories of Jakob von Uexkull,biosemiotics,it is claimed,has espoused a Peircean approach to the definitions of sign and semiosis.Second,observation involves the relation between the observer and the object observed,and,as a theoretical consequence,the relation between an organism and its environment,von Uexkill's Umwelt.In view of the importance accorded Peircean semiotic theory in this more recent science,the paper compares and contrasts aspects of the later theory with the earlier,and concludes that there are significant theoretical differences between the two conceptions of the sign and its theoretical implications.展开更多
The concept of equivalence seems to be one of the most contentious issues of the academic discourse on linguistic translation,as it has long been associated with the much criticised approaches that would follow the na...The concept of equivalence seems to be one of the most contentious issues of the academic discourse on linguistic translation,as it has long been associated with the much criticised approaches that would follow the naive idea of sameness or close correspondence between languages.For these reasons there have been voices claiming that the concept is not needed and,as such,should be rejected.However,equivalence is central to linguistic translation,being one of the main goals of this activity,even though it is often hidden behind other concepts,including adequacy,relevance or interpretive resemblance.Accordingly,a more global approach offered by semiotics may help to revisit the traditional,yet unpopular,understanding of equivalence.This article attempts to discuss the concept of equivalence from the point of view of the universal categories put forward by Charles Sanders Peirce.To this end it provides an overview of approaches to equivalence within the discipline of translation studies,lists the most pertinent features of the concept and refers them to Peirce's universal categories.It is argued that equivalence is founded on the triad similaritydifference-mediation that is determined by and within the context of translation.展开更多
The notion that language is a system of signs is explored in the context of Mandarin Chinese.We use the Peircean Sign,derived from the Peircean ontological categories Firstness,Secondness,and Thirdness,as an interpret...The notion that language is a system of signs is explored in the context of Mandarin Chinese.We use the Peircean Sign,derived from the Peircean ontological categories Firstness,Secondness,and Thirdness,as an interpretive framework.Because Mandarin Chinese is both well-documented and comparatively opaque to foreign influences,it presents an ideal case study for the formation of semiotic structures based on the operation of a single Peircean Category-sign(in contrast to English,which,with much higher levels of foreign contact-induced change,would be expected to involve a broad mixture of various semiotic influences).We examine semiotic structures in Chinese at the featural/phonological,lexical,and morphosyntactic levels,as well as the inventory of written characters.We conclude that the primary constraint that conditions semiotic structures in Chinese is the Peircean category Firstness of Secondness/[12].We also show how this conditioning constraint imposes a semiotic and structural consistency across different levels of language,and how it helps to explain certain evolutionary characteristics of Chinese.展开更多
In this paper we propose to focus on so-called speech genres, traditionally understood as a set of tacit instructions broadly constraining the form and content of our discursive productions. More specifi cally, and ac...In this paper we propose to focus on so-called speech genres, traditionally understood as a set of tacit instructions broadly constraining the form and content of our discursive productions. More specifi cally, and according to Peirce's categorial scheme, we suggest speech genres can be considered as ‘thirds', or purposeful and general ‘laws' overdetermining speech and its regularities. As such, the study of their semiotic mechanisms would fall within the sphere of Peirce's ‘speculative rhetoric', one of the three branches of his semeiotics. Overall, following Lyne, we suggest that any speech genre relates to three kinds of rhetorical ‘habits' —habits of representation, habits of objectifi cation, and habits of interpretation—which explain a sense of ‘reasonableness' permeating any discursive practice in society. We suggest that the task of discursive rhetorics should be to delineate, for given cultural communities, the productive and interpretive norms and mechanisms which govern the determination of discourse and elicit an intended interpretation on the interpreter's side.展开更多
Since 1994 when Dinda L. Gorlée published her dissertation "Semiotics and the Problem of Translation: With Special Reference to the Semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce", Douglas Robinson has been critic...Since 1994 when Dinda L. Gorlée published her dissertation "Semiotics and the Problem of Translation: With Special Reference to the Semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce", Douglas Robinson has been critically thinking about the essential problems concerning semiotranslation. In 2016, he published Semiotranslating Peirce to conduct a critical analysis of Gorlée's theories concerning semiotranslation with the Finnish translations of T. S. Eliot's poem and Wittgenstein's philosophy, and responded to 32 problems concerning what semiotranslation is, who or what the worldly agent of semiotranslation is, where semiotranslation occurs, whether semiotranslation is really irreversible, etc. As for their divergences, this review conducts a critical analysis, and further criticizes them on the scope of translation semiotics, the range of sign reference, the types of semiotic translation, and the role of translator in the translational sign transformation.展开更多
The critical analysis examines the concept of value in C.S.Peirce’s philosophical writings,distinguishing between value as(1)worth,(2)meaning,(3)significance,(4)semiotic value,(5)in the mathematical sense,(6)money va...The critical analysis examines the concept of value in C.S.Peirce’s philosophical writings,distinguishing between value as(1)worth,(2)meaning,(3)significance,(4)semiotic value,(5)in the mathematical sense,(6)money value,and(7)value by other names.The focus is on value in the sense of Peirce’s three normative sciences aesthetics,ethics,and logic.The values associated with them are detailed in their phenomenological contexts and with respect to a supreme value,the summum bonum.Peirce’s objections against utilitarian conceptions of value in the philosophy of his century and his conception of scientific research as a value in itself are the author’s final topic.展开更多
It can safely be assumed that with its well-known icon-index-symbol trichotomy, Peirce's 1903 ten-class typology can adequately analyze still images, photographs and films.Moreover, given the implication principle...It can safely be assumed that with its well-known icon-index-symbol trichotomy, Peirce's 1903 ten-class typology can adequately analyze still images, photographs and films.Moreover, given the implication principle whereby a symbol can involve an index and an index an icon, it follows that any symbolic element can, by transitivity, involve iconic elements, making it possible within this system to accommodate complex forms of signification.Its phenomenological basis, however, and the nature of the divisions composing it make it less amenable to the analysis of intentionality in signs.Now, in 1908 Peirce introduced two far more complex typologies.The first, formed of six divisions from which the icon-indexsymbol trichotomy is absent, generates twenty-eight classes of signs; the second, ten-division system, theoretically generates sixty-six.The exact order of the ten divisions forming the latter system is disputed, rendering the typology's semiotic viability uncertain, whereas the 28-class typology, which classifies signs not on how they represent their object but, amongst other things, according to the sorts of objects they represent, is fully operational.It is therefore of considerable semiotic interest to investigate the way this typology without icons, indices or symbols, might contribute to the analysis of image-based expressions of intentionality.The paper sets out the basic features of the ten-and 28-class systems, explores the semiotic potential of the latter for the analysis of image-based signs by examining the transmodal iconoclasm characteristic of the photomontages of Barbara Kruger and the films of Guy-Ernest Debord, and attempts in this way to establish the logical basis of their transgressive ideological motivation and commitment.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Guangxi Innovation-Driven Development Project (No.AA18242042-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51504018)
文摘A numerical model was established to simulate the flow field in a Peirce–Smith converter bath, which is extensively adopted in copper making. The mean phase and velocity distribution, circular area, and mean wall shear stress were calculated to determine the optimal operation parameter of the converter. The results showed that the slag phase gathered substantially in the dead zone. The circular flow was promoted by increasing the gas flow rate, Q, and decreasing the nozzle height, h. However, these operations significantly aggravate the wall shear stress. Reducing the nozzle diameter, d, increases the injection velocity, which may accelerate the flow field. However, when the nozzle diameter has an interval design, the bubble behaviors cannot be combined, thus, weakening the injection efficiency. Considering the balance between the circular flow and wall shear stress in this model, the optimal operation parameters were Q = 30000–35000 m^3/h, h = 425–525 mm, and d = 40 & 50 mm.
文摘Peirce's final statements on the sign were consigned in various ways over a hundred years ago as a form of logic,a branch of the science of enquiry based upon observation.This means inevitably that some parts of the theory will have been contested or considered superseded by more recent pronouncements on cognitive activity in general,both within and without the field of semiotics.Two such areas that have been host to innovative developments concern central preoccupations of the entire Peircean edifice:the basic unit of semiotics and its function,and ways of looking.First,following Thomas Sebeok's pioneering integration of semiotics and the biological theories of Jakob von Uexkull,biosemiotics,it is claimed,has espoused a Peircean approach to the definitions of sign and semiosis.Second,observation involves the relation between the observer and the object observed,and,as a theoretical consequence,the relation between an organism and its environment,von Uexkill's Umwelt.In view of the importance accorded Peircean semiotic theory in this more recent science,the paper compares and contrasts aspects of the later theory with the earlier,and concludes that there are significant theoretical differences between the two conceptions of the sign and its theoretical implications.
文摘The concept of equivalence seems to be one of the most contentious issues of the academic discourse on linguistic translation,as it has long been associated with the much criticised approaches that would follow the naive idea of sameness or close correspondence between languages.For these reasons there have been voices claiming that the concept is not needed and,as such,should be rejected.However,equivalence is central to linguistic translation,being one of the main goals of this activity,even though it is often hidden behind other concepts,including adequacy,relevance or interpretive resemblance.Accordingly,a more global approach offered by semiotics may help to revisit the traditional,yet unpopular,understanding of equivalence.This article attempts to discuss the concept of equivalence from the point of view of the universal categories put forward by Charles Sanders Peirce.To this end it provides an overview of approaches to equivalence within the discipline of translation studies,lists the most pertinent features of the concept and refers them to Peirce's universal categories.It is argued that equivalence is founded on the triad similaritydifference-mediation that is determined by and within the context of translation.
文摘The notion that language is a system of signs is explored in the context of Mandarin Chinese.We use the Peircean Sign,derived from the Peircean ontological categories Firstness,Secondness,and Thirdness,as an interpretive framework.Because Mandarin Chinese is both well-documented and comparatively opaque to foreign influences,it presents an ideal case study for the formation of semiotic structures based on the operation of a single Peircean Category-sign(in contrast to English,which,with much higher levels of foreign contact-induced change,would be expected to involve a broad mixture of various semiotic influences).We examine semiotic structures in Chinese at the featural/phonological,lexical,and morphosyntactic levels,as well as the inventory of written characters.We conclude that the primary constraint that conditions semiotic structures in Chinese is the Peircean category Firstness of Secondness/[12].We also show how this conditioning constraint imposes a semiotic and structural consistency across different levels of language,and how it helps to explain certain evolutionary characteristics of Chinese.
文摘In this paper we propose to focus on so-called speech genres, traditionally understood as a set of tacit instructions broadly constraining the form and content of our discursive productions. More specifi cally, and according to Peirce's categorial scheme, we suggest speech genres can be considered as ‘thirds', or purposeful and general ‘laws' overdetermining speech and its regularities. As such, the study of their semiotic mechanisms would fall within the sphere of Peirce's ‘speculative rhetoric', one of the three branches of his semeiotics. Overall, following Lyne, we suggest that any speech genre relates to three kinds of rhetorical ‘habits' —habits of representation, habits of objectifi cation, and habits of interpretation—which explain a sense of ‘reasonableness' permeating any discursive practice in society. We suggest that the task of discursive rhetorics should be to delineate, for given cultural communities, the productive and interpretive norms and mechanisms which govern the determination of discourse and elicit an intended interpretation on the interpreter's side.
文摘Since 1994 when Dinda L. Gorlée published her dissertation "Semiotics and the Problem of Translation: With Special Reference to the Semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce", Douglas Robinson has been critically thinking about the essential problems concerning semiotranslation. In 2016, he published Semiotranslating Peirce to conduct a critical analysis of Gorlée's theories concerning semiotranslation with the Finnish translations of T. S. Eliot's poem and Wittgenstein's philosophy, and responded to 32 problems concerning what semiotranslation is, who or what the worldly agent of semiotranslation is, where semiotranslation occurs, whether semiotranslation is really irreversible, etc. As for their divergences, this review conducts a critical analysis, and further criticizes them on the scope of translation semiotics, the range of sign reference, the types of semiotic translation, and the role of translator in the translational sign transformation.
文摘The critical analysis examines the concept of value in C.S.Peirce’s philosophical writings,distinguishing between value as(1)worth,(2)meaning,(3)significance,(4)semiotic value,(5)in the mathematical sense,(6)money value,and(7)value by other names.The focus is on value in the sense of Peirce’s three normative sciences aesthetics,ethics,and logic.The values associated with them are detailed in their phenomenological contexts and with respect to a supreme value,the summum bonum.Peirce’s objections against utilitarian conceptions of value in the philosophy of his century and his conception of scientific research as a value in itself are the author’s final topic.
文摘It can safely be assumed that with its well-known icon-index-symbol trichotomy, Peirce's 1903 ten-class typology can adequately analyze still images, photographs and films.Moreover, given the implication principle whereby a symbol can involve an index and an index an icon, it follows that any symbolic element can, by transitivity, involve iconic elements, making it possible within this system to accommodate complex forms of signification.Its phenomenological basis, however, and the nature of the divisions composing it make it less amenable to the analysis of intentionality in signs.Now, in 1908 Peirce introduced two far more complex typologies.The first, formed of six divisions from which the icon-indexsymbol trichotomy is absent, generates twenty-eight classes of signs; the second, ten-division system, theoretically generates sixty-six.The exact order of the ten divisions forming the latter system is disputed, rendering the typology's semiotic viability uncertain, whereas the 28-class typology, which classifies signs not on how they represent their object but, amongst other things, according to the sorts of objects they represent, is fully operational.It is therefore of considerable semiotic interest to investigate the way this typology without icons, indices or symbols, might contribute to the analysis of image-based expressions of intentionality.The paper sets out the basic features of the ten-and 28-class systems, explores the semiotic potential of the latter for the analysis of image-based signs by examining the transmodal iconoclasm characteristic of the photomontages of Barbara Kruger and the films of Guy-Ernest Debord, and attempts in this way to establish the logical basis of their transgressive ideological motivation and commitment.
