Background:Although methionine(Met),the first-limiting dietary amino acid,has crucial roles in growth and regulation of lipid metabolism in ducks,mechanisms underlying are not well understood.Therefore,the objective w...Background:Although methionine(Met),the first-limiting dietary amino acid,has crucial roles in growth and regulation of lipid metabolism in ducks,mechanisms underlying are not well understood.Therefore,the objective was to use dietary Met deficiency to investigate the involvement of Met in lipid metabolism and fat accumulation of Pekin ducks.Methods:A total of 150 male Pekin ducks(15-d-old,558.5±4.4 g)were allocated into 5 groups(6 replicates with 5 birds each)and fed corn and soybean meal-based diets containing 0.28%,0.35%,0.43%,0.50%,and 0.58%Met,respectively,for 4 weeks.Met-deficient(Met-D,0.28%Met)and Met-adequate(Met-A,0.43%Met)groups were selected for subsequent molecular studies.Serum,liver,and abdominal fat samples were collected to assess the genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism of Pekin ducks and hepatocytes were cultured in vivo for verification.Results:Dietary Met deficiency caused growth depression and excess fat deposition that were ameliorated by feeding diets with adequate Met.Serum triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations increased(P<0.05),whereas serum concentrations of total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,total protein,and albumin decreased(P<0.05)in Met-D ducks compared to those in Met-A ducks.Based on hepatic proteomics analyses,dietary Met deficiency suppressed expression of key proteins related to fatty acid transport,fatty acid oxidation,tricarboxylic acid cycle,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,ketogenesis,and electron transport chain;selected key proteins had similar expression patterns verified by qRT-PCR and Western blotting,which indicated these processes were likely impaired.In vitro verification with hepatocyte models confirmed albumin expression was diminished by Met deficiency.Additionally,in abdominal fat,dietary Met deficiency increased adipocyte diameter and area(P<0.05),and down-regulated(P<0.05)of lipolytic genes and proteins,suggesting Met deficiency may suppress lipolysis in adipocyte.Conclusion:Taken together,these data demonstrated that dietary Met deficiency in Pekin ducks resulted in stunted growth and excess fat deposition,which may be related to suppression of fatty acids transportation and hepatic catabolism.展开更多
Dietary threonine(Thr) deficiency increases hepatic triglyceride content and reduces sebum and abdominal fat percentages in lean type(LT), but not in fatty type(FT) Pekin ducks. However, the molecular changes regardin...Dietary threonine(Thr) deficiency increases hepatic triglyceride content and reduces sebum and abdominal fat percentages in lean type(LT), but not in fatty type(FT) Pekin ducks. However, the molecular changes regarding the role of Thr in lipid metabolism in LT and FT ducks induced by Thr deficiency remains unknown. This study compared differential expression gene profiles related to lipid metabolism in FT and LT Pekin ducks affected by Thr deficiency. We performed transcriptomic profiling and scanned the gene expression in the liver, sebum, and abdominal fat of Pekin ducks fed either Thr-deficient or Thr-adequate diet for 21 days from 14 to 35 days of age. There were 187, 52, and 50 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) identified in the liver, sebum, and abdominal fat of LT ducks affected by Thr deficiency, of which 12, 9, and 5 genes were involved in lipid metabolism, respectively. Thr deficiency altered the expression of 27, 6, and 3 genes in FT ducks’ liver, sebum, and abdominal fat, respectively. None of the DEGs had a relationship with lipid metabolism in FT ducks. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs in the LT ducks’ livers were enriched in lipid metabolism pathways(linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism) and amino acid metabolism pathways(biosynthesis of amino acids, phenylalanine metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolisms). The DEGs in the sebum and abdominal fat of LT ducks were not enriched in lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways. Additionally, DEGs involved in lipid metabolism were found to be upregulated by Thr deficiency in LT ducks, such as malic enzyme 3(ME3), acyl-Co A synthetase short-chain family member 2(ACSS2) in liver, and lipase member M(LIPM) in sebum. In summary, dietary Thr deficiency regulated the gene expression involved in lipid metabolism in the liver, sebum, and abdominal fat of Pekin ducks in a genotype-dependent manner.展开更多
Background： Feeding behavior study is important for animal husbandry and production. However, few studies were conducted on the feeding behavior and their relationship with feeding efficiency in Pekin ducks. In order...Background： Feeding behavior study is important for animal husbandry and production. However, few studies were conducted on the feeding behavior and their relationship with feeding efficiency in Pekin ducks. In order to investigate the feeding behavior and their relationship with feed efficiency and other economic traits in Pekin ducks, we selected 358 male Pekin ducks and recorded feeding information between 3 to 6 wk of age using automatic electronic feeders, and compared the feeding behavior under different residual feed intake（RFI） levels.Results： We observed that total feed time, daily feed intake and feed intake per meal had strong positive correlations with feed efficiency traits; moreover, strong correlation between feed intake per meal and body weight was found（R=0.32, 0.36）. Daily feeding rate meal and meal duration had weak correlations with feed efficiency（R=0.14~0.15）. The phenotypic correlation of between-meal pauses, with feed efficiency was not observed. When daily changes were analyzed, high RFI ducks had the highest feed consumption over all times, and obvious differences in daily visits were found among different RFI level animals during the middle period; these differences were magnified with age, but there was no difference in daily meal number. Moreover, our data indicate that high RFI birds mainly take their meals at the edge of the population enclosure, where they are more susceptible to environmental interference.Conclusions： Overal, this study suggests that the general feeding behaviors can be accurately measured using automatic electronic feeders and certain feeding behaviors in Pekin ducks are associated with improved feed efficiency.展开更多
Dietary threonine(Thr)deficiency enhances triglyceride(TG)deposition in the liver of Pekin ducks,which injures hepatic function and impairs growth performance.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear...Dietary threonine(Thr)deficiency enhances triglyceride(TG)deposition in the liver of Pekin ducks,which injures hepatic function and impairs growth performance.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.In the present study,we investigated the effects of dietary Thr deficiency on the expressions of proteins and phosphoproteins in liver of Pekin ducks,to identify the underlying molecular changes.A total of 300 one-day-old ducklings were divided into 3 groups with 10 replicates of 10 birds.All ducks were fed corn-wheat-peanut meal diets containing 0.46%,0.71%,and 0.96%Thr,respectively,from 1 to 21 days of age.Growth performance,serum parameters,hepatic TG content,and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism of Pekin ducks were determined.A Thr deficiency group(Thr-D,0.46%Thr)and a Thr sufficiency group(Thr-S,0.71%Thr)were selected for subsequent proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis.The results showed that Thr-D reduced the growth performance(P<0.001),and increased the plasma concentrations of cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and hepatic TG(P<0.05).Thr-D increased gene expression related to fatty acid and TG synthesis(P<0.05).A total of 176 proteins and 259 phosphosites(containing 198 phosphoproteins)were observed to be differentially expressed as a result of Thr-D.The upregulated proteins were enriched in the pathway related to amino acid metabolism,peroxisome.The down-regulated proteins were enriched in linolenic and arachidonic acid metabolism,and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK-STAT)signaling pathway.The upregulated phos-phoproteins were enriched in the pathways related to fatty acid biosynthesis,fructose and mannose metabolism,and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.Thr-D reduced the phosphorylation of STAT1 at S729 and STAT3 at S728,and expression of STAT5B.In contrast,Thr-D increased non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase(TYK2)expression and STAT1 phosphorylation at S649.Taken together,dietary Thr-D increased hepatic TG accumulation by upregulating the expression of genes and proteins,and phosphoproteins related to fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis.Furthermore,these processes might be regulated by the JAK-STAT signaling pathway,especially the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3.展开更多
研究旨在分析北京鸭龙骨长(Keel bone length,KBL)性状在全基因组水平上多态位点间的相互作用,包括542只北京鸭和60238个SNP位点。REML方法估计龙骨长遗传力为0.56,为中等遗传力性状。全基因组关联分析(Genome-wide association study,G...研究旨在分析北京鸭龙骨长(Keel bone length,KBL)性状在全基因组水平上多态位点间的相互作用,包括542只北京鸭和60238个SNP位点。REML方法估计龙骨长遗传力为0.56,为中等遗传力性状。全基因组关联分析(Genome-wide association study,GWAS)共检测到基因组水平上显著的28个SNP位点(P<8.30×10^(-7)),其中11个位于CLEC16A、GPATCH1和CLCA2基因上,8个位于LOC101792208、DCLK3和ADRA1B基因上下游20 kb区间内。全基因组互作进一步分析,共检测到具有显著互作效应的1644对SNP位点(P<5.51×10^(-13)),分别为36对加性×加性、57对显性×加性和1551对显性×显性上位效应。最显著的上位效应为1号(Chr1.49519635_A.G)和9号染色体(Chr9.7036234_A.G)上SNP间显性互作(P=2.05×10^(-18))。通过构建影响龙骨长性状的成对SNP互作网络,发现其中有15个SNP节点的度大于15,网络中心节点Chr27.1210834_C.T、Chr2.86757383_C.G和Chr3.23516978_A.G的度分别为211、145和102。对网络中SNP节点邻近基因进行功能富集注释,共得到16条显著信号通路,其中包括可能同龙骨长性状相关的Wnt、Notch、MAPK和钙信号通路(P<0.05)。研究利用GWAS和全基因组互作分析,有助于深入理解北京鸭龙骨长性状复杂遗传机制,为北京鸭龙骨长性状遗传基础和分子机制研究提供新思路,为北京鸭育种选择和改良提供重要参考依据。展开更多
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-42)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC-IAS-09)Central Scientific Institution Fundamental Research Funds(1610382022005).
文摘Background:Although methionine(Met),the first-limiting dietary amino acid,has crucial roles in growth and regulation of lipid metabolism in ducks,mechanisms underlying are not well understood.Therefore,the objective was to use dietary Met deficiency to investigate the involvement of Met in lipid metabolism and fat accumulation of Pekin ducks.Methods:A total of 150 male Pekin ducks(15-d-old,558.5±4.4 g)were allocated into 5 groups(6 replicates with 5 birds each)and fed corn and soybean meal-based diets containing 0.28%,0.35%,0.43%,0.50%,and 0.58%Met,respectively,for 4 weeks.Met-deficient(Met-D,0.28%Met)and Met-adequate(Met-A,0.43%Met)groups were selected for subsequent molecular studies.Serum,liver,and abdominal fat samples were collected to assess the genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism of Pekin ducks and hepatocytes were cultured in vivo for verification.Results:Dietary Met deficiency caused growth depression and excess fat deposition that were ameliorated by feeding diets with adequate Met.Serum triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations increased(P<0.05),whereas serum concentrations of total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,total protein,and albumin decreased(P<0.05)in Met-D ducks compared to those in Met-A ducks.Based on hepatic proteomics analyses,dietary Met deficiency suppressed expression of key proteins related to fatty acid transport,fatty acid oxidation,tricarboxylic acid cycle,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,ketogenesis,and electron transport chain;selected key proteins had similar expression patterns verified by qRT-PCR and Western blotting,which indicated these processes were likely impaired.In vitro verification with hepatocyte models confirmed albumin expression was diminished by Met deficiency.Additionally,in abdominal fat,dietary Met deficiency increased adipocyte diameter and area(P<0.05),and down-regulated(P<0.05)of lipolytic genes and proteins,suggesting Met deficiency may suppress lipolysis in adipocyte.Conclusion:Taken together,these data demonstrated that dietary Met deficiency in Pekin ducks resulted in stunted growth and excess fat deposition,which may be related to suppression of fatty acids transportation and hepatic catabolism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902174)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20190902)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(19KJD230003)。
文摘Dietary threonine(Thr) deficiency increases hepatic triglyceride content and reduces sebum and abdominal fat percentages in lean type(LT), but not in fatty type(FT) Pekin ducks. However, the molecular changes regarding the role of Thr in lipid metabolism in LT and FT ducks induced by Thr deficiency remains unknown. This study compared differential expression gene profiles related to lipid metabolism in FT and LT Pekin ducks affected by Thr deficiency. We performed transcriptomic profiling and scanned the gene expression in the liver, sebum, and abdominal fat of Pekin ducks fed either Thr-deficient or Thr-adequate diet for 21 days from 14 to 35 days of age. There were 187, 52, and 50 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) identified in the liver, sebum, and abdominal fat of LT ducks affected by Thr deficiency, of which 12, 9, and 5 genes were involved in lipid metabolism, respectively. Thr deficiency altered the expression of 27, 6, and 3 genes in FT ducks’ liver, sebum, and abdominal fat, respectively. None of the DEGs had a relationship with lipid metabolism in FT ducks. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs in the LT ducks’ livers were enriched in lipid metabolism pathways(linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism) and amino acid metabolism pathways(biosynthesis of amino acids, phenylalanine metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolisms). The DEGs in the sebum and abdominal fat of LT ducks were not enriched in lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways. Additionally, DEGs involved in lipid metabolism were found to be upregulated by Thr deficiency in LT ducks, such as malic enzyme 3(ME3), acyl-Co A synthetase short-chain family member 2(ACSS2) in liver, and lipase member M(LIPM) in sebum. In summary, dietary Thr deficiency regulated the gene expression involved in lipid metabolism in the liver, sebum, and abdominal fat of Pekin ducks in a genotype-dependent manner.
基金supported by the National Scientific Supporting Projects of China(2015BAD03B06)National Waterfowl-industry Technology Research System(CARS-42)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_15R62)
文摘Background： Feeding behavior study is important for animal husbandry and production. However, few studies were conducted on the feeding behavior and their relationship with feeding efficiency in Pekin ducks. In order to investigate the feeding behavior and their relationship with feed efficiency and other economic traits in Pekin ducks, we selected 358 male Pekin ducks and recorded feeding information between 3 to 6 wk of age using automatic electronic feeders, and compared the feeding behavior under different residual feed intake（RFI） levels.Results： We observed that total feed time, daily feed intake and feed intake per meal had strong positive correlations with feed efficiency traits; moreover, strong correlation between feed intake per meal and body weight was found（R=0.32, 0.36）. Daily feeding rate meal and meal duration had weak correlations with feed efficiency（R=0.14~0.15）. The phenotypic correlation of between-meal pauses, with feed efficiency was not observed. When daily changes were analyzed, high RFI ducks had the highest feed consumption over all times, and obvious differences in daily visits were found among different RFI level animals during the middle period; these differences were magnified with age, but there was no difference in daily meal number. Moreover, our data indicate that high RFI birds mainly take their meals at the edge of the population enclosure, where they are more susceptible to environmental interference.Conclusions： Overal, this study suggests that the general feeding behaviors can be accurately measured using automatic electronic feeders and certain feeding behaviors in Pekin ducks are associated with improved feed efficiency.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902174)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190902)Tackled key technologies in agriculture and rural areas of Jiangsu Science and Technology Plan(BE2022310).
文摘Dietary threonine(Thr)deficiency enhances triglyceride(TG)deposition in the liver of Pekin ducks,which injures hepatic function and impairs growth performance.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.In the present study,we investigated the effects of dietary Thr deficiency on the expressions of proteins and phosphoproteins in liver of Pekin ducks,to identify the underlying molecular changes.A total of 300 one-day-old ducklings were divided into 3 groups with 10 replicates of 10 birds.All ducks were fed corn-wheat-peanut meal diets containing 0.46%,0.71%,and 0.96%Thr,respectively,from 1 to 21 days of age.Growth performance,serum parameters,hepatic TG content,and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism of Pekin ducks were determined.A Thr deficiency group(Thr-D,0.46%Thr)and a Thr sufficiency group(Thr-S,0.71%Thr)were selected for subsequent proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis.The results showed that Thr-D reduced the growth performance(P<0.001),and increased the plasma concentrations of cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and hepatic TG(P<0.05).Thr-D increased gene expression related to fatty acid and TG synthesis(P<0.05).A total of 176 proteins and 259 phosphosites(containing 198 phosphoproteins)were observed to be differentially expressed as a result of Thr-D.The upregulated proteins were enriched in the pathway related to amino acid metabolism,peroxisome.The down-regulated proteins were enriched in linolenic and arachidonic acid metabolism,and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK-STAT)signaling pathway.The upregulated phos-phoproteins were enriched in the pathways related to fatty acid biosynthesis,fructose and mannose metabolism,and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.Thr-D reduced the phosphorylation of STAT1 at S729 and STAT3 at S728,and expression of STAT5B.In contrast,Thr-D increased non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase(TYK2)expression and STAT1 phosphorylation at S649.Taken together,dietary Thr-D increased hepatic TG accumulation by upregulating the expression of genes and proteins,and phosphoproteins related to fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis.Furthermore,these processes might be regulated by the JAK-STAT signaling pathway,especially the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3.
文摘研究旨在分析北京鸭龙骨长(Keel bone length,KBL)性状在全基因组水平上多态位点间的相互作用,包括542只北京鸭和60238个SNP位点。REML方法估计龙骨长遗传力为0.56,为中等遗传力性状。全基因组关联分析(Genome-wide association study,GWAS)共检测到基因组水平上显著的28个SNP位点(P<8.30×10^(-7)),其中11个位于CLEC16A、GPATCH1和CLCA2基因上,8个位于LOC101792208、DCLK3和ADRA1B基因上下游20 kb区间内。全基因组互作进一步分析,共检测到具有显著互作效应的1644对SNP位点(P<5.51×10^(-13)),分别为36对加性×加性、57对显性×加性和1551对显性×显性上位效应。最显著的上位效应为1号(Chr1.49519635_A.G)和9号染色体(Chr9.7036234_A.G)上SNP间显性互作(P=2.05×10^(-18))。通过构建影响龙骨长性状的成对SNP互作网络,发现其中有15个SNP节点的度大于15,网络中心节点Chr27.1210834_C.T、Chr2.86757383_C.G和Chr3.23516978_A.G的度分别为211、145和102。对网络中SNP节点邻近基因进行功能富集注释,共得到16条显著信号通路,其中包括可能同龙骨长性状相关的Wnt、Notch、MAPK和钙信号通路(P<0.05)。研究利用GWAS和全基因组互作分析,有助于深入理解北京鸭龙骨长性状复杂遗传机制,为北京鸭龙骨长性状遗传基础和分子机制研究提供新思路,为北京鸭育种选择和改良提供重要参考依据。
