从同文馆到北京大学:近代中国“Peking University”概念考论

从晚清到民国,“Peking University”的指称对象先后包括京师同文馆、汇文书院、京师大学堂、私立燕京大学和国立北京大学五所驻京高等教育机构,其中既有国立最高学府,也有私立教会学校。虽然部分属于非正式名称,但仍具有广泛社会影响。语言概念的重叠带来话语表达中的歧义,同时也投射出多元复杂的历史图景。依据档案、报刊、辞书、回忆录等材料,返回历史现场,梳理近代中国“Peking University”概念的生成和流变,从中考察新式教育的引入、中西观念的互动及文化空间的形成,有助于探求译名背后的知识建构、教育转型与社会变迁。

Spatial-temporal Patterns of Urban Parks’Effects on the Sentiments and Their Associated Factors Based on Social Media Data——a Case Study in Beijing

As the pivotal green space,urban parks play an important role in urban residents’daily activities.Thy can not only bring people physical health,but also can be more likely to elicit positive sentiment to those who visit them.Recently,social media big data has provided new data sources for sentiment analysis.However,there was limited researches that explored the connection between urban parks and individual’s sentiments.Therefore,this study firstly employed a pre-trained language model(BERT,Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)to calculate sentiment scores based on social media data.Secondly,this study analysed the relationship between urban parks and individual’s sentiment from both spatial and temporal perspectives.Finally,by utilizing structural equation model(SEM),we identified 13 factors and analyzed its degree of the influence.The research findings are listed as below:①It confirmed that individuals generally experienced positive sentiment with high sentiment scores in the majority of urban parks;②The urban park type showed an influence on sentiment scores.In this study,higher sentiment scores observed in Eco-parks,comprehensive parks,and historical parks;③The urban parks level showed low impact on sentiment scores.With distinctions observed mainly at level-3 and level-4;④Compared to internal factors in parks,the external infrastructure surround them exerted more significant impact on sentiment scores.For instance,number of bus and subway stations around urban parks led to higher sentiment scores,while scenic spots and restaurants had inverse result.This study provided a novel method to quantify the services of various urban parks,which can be served as inspiration for similar studies in other cities and countries,enhancing their park planning and management strategies.

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Fruit Consumption of Urban and Rural Residents in Beijing

In light of the rapid expansion of China s economy,there has been a notable shift in the consumption patterns of urban and rural residents.This is evident in the increased consumption of agricultural products,with fruit consumption representing a particularly pronounced trend.The 2023 Beijing Consumption Statistics indicate that demand for fruit is increasing,accompanied by heightened competition for quality and brands.The paper is based on research that examines the current situation of fruit consumption among urban and rural residents in Beijing.The results indicate that when urban and rural residents in Beijing purchase fruits,price is the most significant factor influencing fruit consumption.Taste,appearance,and variety are also considered to be important influencing factors,while the influence of factors such as fruit type,consumption pattern,and fruit brand is relatively minor.

Scientific Advances and Weather Services of the China Meteorological Administration’s National Forecasting Systems during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics

Since the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was the first Winter Olympics in history held in continental winter monsoon climate conditions across complex terrain areas,there is a deficiency of relevant research,operational techniques,and experience.This made providing meteorological services for this event particularly challenging.The China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,achieved breakthroughs in research on short-and medium-term deterministic and ensemble numerical predictions.Several key technologies crucial for precise winter weather services during the Winter Olympics were developed.A comprehensive framework,known as the Operational System for High-Precision Weather Forecasting for the Winter Olympics,was established.Some of these advancements represent the highest level of capabilities currently available in China.The meteorological service provided to the Beijing 2022 Games also exceeded previous Winter Olympic Games in both variety and quality.This included achievements such as the“100-meter level,minute level”downscaled spatiotemporal resolution and forecasts spanning 1 to 15 days.Around 30 new technologies and over 60 kinds of products that align with the requirements of the Winter Olympics Organizing Committee were developed,and many of these techniques have since been integrated into the CMA’s operational national forecasting systems.These accomplishments were facilitated by a dedicated weather forecasting and research initiative,in conjunction with the preexisting real-time operational forecasting systems of the CMA.This program represents one of the five subprograms of the WMO’s high-impact weather forecasting demonstration project(SMART2022),and continues to play an important role in their Regional Association(RA)II Research Development Project(Hangzhou RDP).Therefore,the research accomplishments and meteorological service experiences from this program will be carried forward into forthcoming highimpact weather forecasting activities.This article provides an overview and assessment of this program and the operational national forecasting systems.

The Book Publishing and Analysis of Modern Peking University Library

The paper is based on literature search,introducing and analyzing the book publishing situation of modern Peking University Library from the perspective of the publisher being Peking University Library and its predecessor.It is pointed out that the majority of the book printing methods published by the modern Peking University Library are lead printing,and among the types of Chinese library classification,catalogue of library collections is the most common.

Analysis of the Books Issued by Yadong Library, Published by Peking University Publishing Department: Taking Several Bibliography Advertisements Carried in Newspapers and Magazines From 1919-1922 as Examples

Based on several bibliographic advertisements carried in newspapers and magazines from 1919 to 1922 for books published by Peking University Publishing Department,and issued by Yadong Library,the paper analyzes the characteristics of the books published by Peking University Publishing Department during this period,and points out that Yadong Library entered its golden period of development due to move from the alley to the main road and obtain the management rights of the books published by Peking University Publishing Department.

Zhengy Temple Theatre:Beijing's Oldest Peking Opera Theatre

In a small, deep alley right outside Hepingmen (the Peace Gate), no more than one mile south of the Tian’anmen Square, there stands a Peking opera theatre of great antiquity named Zhengyi Temple Theatre. Built over 300 years ago, it is the sole ancient wooden theatre architecture in the world. There are also six other extant theatres with a similar scale, but Zhenyi Temple Theatre is the oldest. It is generally recognized as a living fossil and milestone in the history of Chinese theatres and often cited as an important

ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE DATING FOR THE AGE OF PEKING-MAN, LOC.1, ZHOUKOUDIAN, BEIJING

In this paper, we used ESR dating method to measure the accumulative dose of the fossil teeth samples, which are contemporaneous with the Peking-Man. The internal annual dose rate of samples are got by neutron activation analysis and the environmental annual dose rate by highly sensitive TL dosimeters to be embedded in cave deposits in the site. The results of ESR dating are corresponded with the dating results obtained by U-series, FT, TL and paleomagnetic stratigraphical methods on the 3rd, 4th, 7th and 10th layers. Calculation of using different models, the close-equilibrium model, the linear uranium accumulation model and radon loss-linear uranium accumulation model, for travertine, deer teeth and rhinoceros tooth, we obtained the age of the First Peking- Man in the nth layer is 578 ka and gave ages of other layers, from the 1st to the 13th layer in Peking- Man site.

Strengthening the Disciplinary Construction of History of Medicine: A Call for Action by Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

Recent years have witnessed a dynamic develop of Peking Union Medical College(PUMC),which was founded in 1921,and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS),which was founded in 1956.In the new era of building a"Healthy China",General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized the importance of a profound understanding of the Chinese civilization to let the world better know and understand China,and urged efforts to combine theories and practices to expound how to better uphold the Chinese path,promote the Chinese spirit,and pool together the Chinese strength[1].As an active response,PUMC organized the first Conference of History of Medicine on May 20-21,2023[2],Based on the rich history of PUMC and with an attempt to explore history,inherit the traditional Chinese culture,and promote the spirit of modern medicine,we issued the following call at the conference。

Spatial patterns of the main trees in a plant micro-reserve constructed in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics mountainous competition zone

Several plant micro-reserves were established to preserve the vegetation in local mountain areas during the construction of the Yanqing competition zone of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.The spatial patterns of the main species in one of the micro-reserves and the factors affecting these patterns were characterized in this study.The distribution of arbor species was found to be mostly aggregated,especially at fine scales(<5 m).Minor species were found to be more aggregated than the major species in each forest layer.The spatial patterns were found to be affected by habitat heterogeneity,intraspecific relationships,interspecific competition,and seed dispersal limitation.Habitat heterogeneity was found to affect large-scale spatial patterns,and its effects were observed throughout population development.Interspecific competition is another factor affecting the distribution of the species,and its effects were stronger during the later stages of population development.Habitat heterogeneity was found to affect competition among species and is key for species coexistence.Both these processes are affected by the seed dispersal limitation,and intraspecific relationships are a legacy of seed dispersal.The point patterns can be used as a tool for the initial assessment of the status of communities within micro-reserves.The consideration of these relationships in the development,management,and formulation of policies for micro-reserves in mountainous areas will facilitate the achievement of conservation goals.The careful consideration of habitat conditions when selecting sites for micro-reserves establishment can promote species conservation.

The Beijing International Peace Culture Foundation and UNESCO Jointly Hold the 10th "Peace Garden Peace Festival"

On September 21st,2023,the 10th"Peace Garden Peace Festival"and the 5th"Global Youth Photography Competition Ceremony"co-sponsored by UNESCO and the Beijing International Peace Culture Foundation were held at the Peace Garden Museum in Beijing.

基于信任理论的北京大学图书馆用户关系管理新探

如何开展用户关系管理是高校图书馆现代化发展道路上必然面临的问题。北京大学图书馆将用户作为图书馆可持续发展的关键要素,自2018年以来,基于用户信任统筹推进用户关系管理,秉持真抓实干、重在参与、实在受益、贵在信任、凝心聚力的战略方针,构建相互信赖、深度协作、长期友好的用户关系,取得明显成效。文章对基于信任理论的北京大学图书馆用户关系管理的实践探索进行初步总结。

Effectiveness of groundwater extraction in Beijing since the ingauration of the first phase of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China

This study assess the effectiveness of groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing since the opening of the first phase of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,using survey and evaluation methods.Firstly,an analysis of water consumption structure and the usage of diverted river water in Beijing in recent years was conducted.Secondly,the volume of groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing after the 33 project's inauguration was examined,revealing a decrease from 1.96 billion m^(3) in 2014 to 1.35 billion m^(3) in 2020.The proportion of water supply reduced from 52.3%in 2014 to 33.3%in 2020,leading to an optimized water supply structure.By the end of 2020,groundwater pressure extraction in Beijing is estimated at 446 million m3,with a substantial reduction in over-exploitation of groundwater.Groundwater resources have been effectively replenished,and the strategic reserve capacity has been enhanced.Furthermore,this study evaluates the change in groundwater levels as an indicator of the effectiveness of pressure extraction.The declining trend of groundwater levels in Beijing has been effectively mitigated,and there has been a consistent rebound in groundwater levels over the past five years.

Chinese Unit Neighborhood Planning Strategies: A Case Study of Beijing

Chinese unit residential buildings can be understood as a flexible urban element, and theintroduction of its concept changed the urban structure of China. In this study, starting from the constraintsof contemporary planning contexts by Chinese historical units, the categories of historical Chinese unitresidential buildings were analyzed, and how spatial order and social ties has made Chinese units becomea common framework within which collective living takes place, how does the political strategy of theChinese government creates and constructs a particular form of spatial order in each example of Chineseunit residential buildings, and the impact on the daily life of the urban population were studied. Finally,how social relations, politics, and economic strategies confront and interact within Chinese unit residentialbuildings was explored.

Classification of Beijing Line 10 Subway Living Circle Based on Multi-source Big Data

In the first-tier cities,subway has become an important carrier and life focus of people’s daily travel activities.By studying the distribution of POIs of public service facilities around Metro Line 10,using GIS to quantitatively analyze the surrounding formats of subway stations,discussing the functional attributes of subway stations,and discussing the distribution of urban functions from a new perspective,this paper provided guidance and advice for the construction of service facilities.

Comparative Test on Spring Medium-sized Watermelon Varieties in Beijing

[Objectives]This study was conducted to select suitable medium-sized watermelon varieties for early spring cultivation in Beijing.[Methods]Seven watermelon varieties were collected,including Beinong Tianjiao 2,Beinong Tianjiao,Hongfuji,Yongfeng 1,Beinong Futian,Beinong Shijia,and Beinong Jinxiu,and Jingxin 2 was used as the control check(CK).The growth period,morphological traits,yield traits and fruit quality of the tested varieties were investigated.[Results]Beinong Tianjiao 2 had an earlier maturation stage,a fruit development period of 38 d and a total growth period of 118 d.It showed stable growth,with a single fruit weight of 7.56 kg,a fruit setting rate of 0.99 per plant,and a yield of 83076.9 kg/hm~2,which ranked,respectively,second,first,and second among all tested varieties,and were significantly superior to the CK.Furthermore,this variety had thin and tough peel,a bright red flesh color,high central sugar content,loose and crisp flesh,and a good taste.[Conclusions]It is preliminarily believed that it is suitable for early spring watermelon production in Beijing area.

Screening Test of Small Seedless Watermelon Varieties in Beijing Area

[Objectives]This study was conducted to select small seedless watermelon varieties with excellent quality and high yield suitable for planting in Beijing.[Methods]Under the conditions of facility cultivation in Beijing,a screening test was conducted on seven small seedless watermelon varieties for growth process,field traits,yield traits,fruit quality,and disease resistance.[Results]Varieties Mitong,Motong and Tianbao Xiaowuzi had a short growth period and relatively stable growth,and bore fruit easily,and their female flowers were closely spaced.Their yields exceeded 60000 kg/hm~2,ranking in the top three among all varieties.The fruit had a thin skin,a bright red flesh color,and a high mass fraction of soluble solids in the center.The flesh was tight or crispy,and tasted good.They also showed good disease resistance.Overall,they showed excellent comprehensive agronomic traits,and are thus suitable for facility cultivation in Beijing and its surrounding areas.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the upgrading of varieties and the increase in production and farmers'income in the suburbs of Beijing.

Recording the Sounds of Beijing

BEIJING-BASED British artist and curator Colin Chin­nery has spent many years collecting and preserv­ing sounds including pigeon whistles,jingling camel bells,and the cries of street vendors and peddlers in Beijing,among others.These unique soundscapes from the previous century carry the memories of a generation and reflect the changes in history and society.