Factors Affecting Quality and Granulating Property of Pellet Feed

In order to ensure quality of pellet feed and improve production performance of animals, factors affecting the quality and granulating property of pellet feed were analyzed from the aspects of raw materials, process and equipments. The effects of these factors on production of pellet feed decline in the following order： composition and proportion of raw materials; material fineness; refining temperature and other refining factors; equipments like ring die and press roller; and cooling and drying conditions

Study on Pellet Feed of Domestic Musk Deer( Moschus berrezovskee flerov)

In order to solve the problem that the musk deer concentrated feed were easy to get rancidity in spring, summer, autumn and freezing in winter, high quality and palatability pellet feed of musk deer was researched and developed to ensure the quality of musk deer＇s feed. Twenty-eight male musk deer （3 - 10 years old） （Moschus berezovskii） with normal body condition in the same culture conditions were chosen and were randomly divided into experimental group （fed pellets group） and control group （original feeding diet group）, the results show that musk deer was able to adapt to the pellet feed generally in 13 days and the duration varied with the palatability of pellet feed. During the trial period, the difference of the body weight, the average musk yield of producing musk deer and the producing musk incidence between the experimental group and the control group was not significant, the incidence of disease and mortality of experimental group deer was significantly lower than the control group.

Impact of Dietary Supplementation on Bioenergetics and Reproductive Performances in Amphiprion sebae

Effects of varied types of live feeds and pelleted feeds on the bioenergetics and reproductive performances were studied under laboratory conditions.The highest feeding rate of 279.4 J/g live fish/day was observed in test fishes feed with Moina.Fish fed with pelleted feed exhibited the lowest feeding rate of 104.4 J/g live fish/day.But the absorption efficiency showed the opposite trend.The fish fed with pelleted feed showed the highest absorption efficiency 36%whereas the fish fed with Brachionus plicatilis exhibited the lowest absorption efficiency of 28%.The brood stock maintenance and larval growth were closely observed.The larvae grew like adult after 25th day of hatching.The mortality noticed during 2nd and 7th day of hatching was overcome by feeding the larvae with nutrient rich live feed.The sexually mature females and males were injected with 50μg of GnRHa(gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue)encapsulated in a biodegradable copolymer of fatty acid dimer and sebacic acid p(FAD-SA)of a 25:75 molar ratio.After fifteen days all treated females commenced spawning.Similar treatment induced a two-fold increase in sperm volume in male.Conclusion of the present study indicated that the laboratory scale production of marine clown fish,Amphiprion sebae can be successfully carried out using live feed than the pellet feeds which express better feeding rate,spawning and development.

Modeling and experiments of chewing mechanical properties of pellet feed using discrete element method

In order to explore the mechanical properties and breaking behavior of pellet feed during chewing,the experiments of texture mechanics,followed by the modeling and simulation of pellet feed based on the discrete element method were carried out in this research.Five wet basis moisture contents(8%,10%,12%,14%and 16%,respectively),two kinds of loading directions(L and D direction,respectively)of pig pellet feed were selected as variables.First,mechanical parameters including hardness,elasticity,tackiness and chewiness were measured by a texture analyzer.The results of compression tests showed that the hardness of pig pellet feed was 5.44-32.43 N,the elastic index was 0.04-0.94 mm,the tackiness was 0.07-6.63 N,the chewiness was 5.52-27.39 mJ.Moreover,the hardness,tackiness and chewiness of pig pellet feed decreased significantly with the increase of moisture content but the elasticity showed an adverse varying trend.The hardness,elasticity,tackiness and chewiness along D direction outweighed that of L direction in numerical data at the same moisture content.Then,the chewing and breaking processes of pellet feed were simulated based on the discrete element method(DEM)combined with bonding particle model,in which the whole pellet feed were considered as agglomerations of micro-particles and broke when the stress between micro-particles had exceeded the maximum limit.Multi-parameter optimization experiments were carried out using quadratic orthogonal rotation design,in which stiffness coefficient(X_(1)),critical stress(X2)and bonding radius(X_(3))were the influencing factors,hardness(Y_(1)),elasticity(Y_(2)),tackiness(Y_(3))and chewiness(Y_(4))were evaluating indicators.Based on the regression analysis of the Design-Expert 8.0.6 software and response surface analysis method,the relationship between the three influencing factors and evaluating indicators was established.The similarity between experimental and simulated results in feed morphology and mechanical index proved that the modeling method for pellet feed based on DEM was effective and accurate.This work can provide a reference for the feed forming process and the optimization design of the related feed machinery.Meanwhile,the DEM model provided a new method for evaluating the texture and palatability of pellet feed.

Preparation of blast furnace burdens by composite agglomeration process: effect of distribution of magnetite and hematite concentrates in pelletized and matrix feed

Effect of distribution of iron concentrates between pelletized and matrix feed on the preparation of blast furnace burdens from two different kinds of fine iron concentrates (magnetite and hematite) by composite agglomeration process (CAP) was explored. It was found that when the mass ratio of iron concentrate A (magnetite) to iron concentrate B (hematite) in the mixed feed was constant, the proportion of iron concentrate A in the pelletized and matrix feed significantly affected the quality of CAP products. Particularly, as the proportion of iron concentrate A in the pelletized feed increased from 0 to 100%, the yield decreased from 82.11% to 79.19% and the tumbler index decreased from 71.33% to 68.27%. The mineralization characterization results indicated that when 100% iron concentrate A was used as the pelletized feed, the crystallization styles of the outer layer and the inner layer of the pellet were different, and a lot of pores exist around hematite and magnetite phases in the pelletized part, with the weak connection of pelletized and matrix part, resulting in poor strength of agglomeration product.