Signal intensity changes of dentate nucleus on plain MR T1WI innasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy andmultiple injections of gadolinium-base contrast agent

Objective To observe changes of plain MR T1WI signal intensity of dentate nucleus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and multiple times of intravenous injection of gadolinium-based contrast agent(GBCA).Methods Fifty patients with pathologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma and received intensity-modulated radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled as the nasopharyngeal carcinoma group,and 50 patients with other malignant tumors and without history of brain radiotherapy were retrospectively enrolled as the control group.All patients received yearly GBCA enhanced MR examinations for the nasopharynx or the head.T1WI signal intensities of the dentate nucleus and the pons on same plane were measured based on images in the year of confirmed diagnosis(recorded as the first year)and in the second to the fifth years.T1WI signal intensity ratio of year i(ranging from 1 to 5)was calculated with values of dentate nucleus divided by values of the pons(ΔSI i),while the percentage of relative changes of year j(ranging from 2 to 5)was calculated withΔSI j compared toΔSI 1(Rchange j).The values of these two parameters were compared,and the correlation ofΔSI and GBCA injection year-time was evaluated within each group.Results No significant difference of gender,age norΔSI 1 was found between groups(all P>0.05).The second to the fifth yearΔSI and Rchange in nasopharyngeal carcinoma group were all higher than those in control group(all P<0.05).Within both groups,ΔSI was positively correlated with GBCA injection year-time(both P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent radiotherapy and multiple times of intravenous injection of GBCA tended to be found with gradually worsening GBCA deposition in dentate nucleus,for which radiotherapy might be a risk factor.

Concomitant treatment of ureteral calculi and ipsilateral pelvic sciatic nerve schwannoma with transperitoneal laparoscopic approach: A case report

BACKGROUND Schwannomas are rare peripheral neural myelin sheath tumors that originate from Schwann cells.Of the different types of schwannomas,pelvic sciatic nerve schwannoma is extremely rare.Definite preoperative diagnosis of pelvic schwannomas is difficult,and surgical resection is the gold standard for its definite diagnosis and treatment.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of pelvic schwannoma arising from the sciatic nerve that was detected in a 40-year-old man who underwent computed tomography for intermittent right lower back pain caused exclusively by a right ureteral calculus.Subsequently,successful transperitoneal laparoscopic surgery was performed for the intact removal of the stone and en bloc resection of the schwannoma.The total operative time was 125 min,and the estimated blood loss was inconspicuous.The surgical procedure was uneventful.The patient was discharged on postoperative day 5 with the simultaneous removal of the urinary catheter.However,the patient presented with motor and sensory disorders of the right lower limb,caused by partial damage to the right sciatic nerve.No tumor recurrence was observed at the postoperative appointment.CONCLUSION Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of a schwannoma.Thus,laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible for concomitant extirpation of pelvic schwannomas and other pelvic and abdominal diseases that require surgical treatment.

Factors influencing comfort level in head and neck neoplasm patients receiving radiotherapy

Objective:To determine factors that influence comfort in head and neck neoplasm patients receiving radiotherapy.Methods:In total,200 head and neck neoplasm patients receiving radiotherapy were recruited from three tertiary first class hospitals.They were assessed by Radiotherapy Comfort Questionnaire for patients with head and neck neoplasm,Social Support Scale,and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire.Results:The total score of comfort was 60.54±8.32.Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that number of radiation treatments,family accompaniment,educational level,resignation coping mode,complications due to diabetes,accompanying chemotherapy,and the utilization of social support significantly influenced comfort level(p<0.05).Among these,number of radiation treatments,complications due to diabetes,accompanying chemotherapy,and resignation coping were negative factors.Conclusion:Encouraging utilization of social support systems and a positive coping mode is important for increasing comfort level in head and neck neoplasm patients during radiotherapy.Nurses should pay particular attention to those patients during later stages of radiotherapy or chemotherapy,with diabetes,without family accompaniment,and with lower education level.

Modified simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy for an unresectable huge refractory pelvic tumor diagnosed as a rectal adenocarcinoma

A clinical trial of radiotherapy with modified simultaneous integrated boost(SIB)technique against huge tumors was conducted.A 58-year-old male patient who had a huge pelvic tumor diagnosed as a rectal adenocarcinoma due to familial adenomatous polyposis was enrolled in this trial.The total dose of 77 Gy(equivalent dose in 2Gy/fraction)and 64.5 Gy was delivered to the center of the tumor and the surrounding area respectively,andapproximately 20%dose escalation was achieved with the modified SIB technique.The tumor with an initial maximum size of 15 cm disappeared 120 d after the start of the radiotherapy.Performance status of the patient improved from 4 to 0.Radiotherapy with modified SIB may be effective for patients with a huge tumor in terms of tumor shrinkage/disappearance,improvement of QOL,and prolongation of survival.

Current perspectives on the management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer

Significant controversies exist with regards to the optimal management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes metastases(mLLN)in patients with low rectal cancer.The differing views held by Japanese and Western clinicians on the management of mLLN have been well documented.However,the adequacy of pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)or neoadjuvant chemoradiation(NACRT)alone in addition to total mesorectal excision(TME)have recently come into question,due to the relatively high incidence of lateral local recurrences following PLND and TME,or NACRT and TME alone.Recently,a more selective approach to PLND has been suggested,involving a combination of neoadjuvant therapy,followed by PLND only to patients in whom the oncological benefit is likely to outweigh the risk of potential adverse events.A number of studies have attempted to retrospectively identify certain nodal characteristics on preoperative imaging,such as nodal size,appearance,and size reduction following neoadjuvant therapy.However,no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal criteria for a selective approach to PLND,partly due to the heterogeneity and retrospective nature of most of these studies.This review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence with regards to the diagnostic challenges,considerations for,and outcomes of the current management strategies for mLLN in rectal cancer patients.

探讨盆腔恶性肿瘤术后放疗骨盆受量与骨髓抑制相关性

目的研究盆腔恶性肿瘤术后放疗骨盆受量与骨髓抑制之间的相关性,为骨盆受量限值提供参考依据,降低骨髓抑制的发生率。方法回顾性分析进行盆腔恶性肿瘤术后调强放疗的患者93例,观察治疗过程中骨髓抑制发生的情况,评判同期放化疗与单纯放疗对骨髓抑制的影响,同时分析骨髓抑制与骨盆受量参数平均剂量Dmean及V45、V40、V35、V30、V25、V20、V15、V10的相关性。结果全组病例中出现放疗后骨髓抑制主要表现为白细胞及中性粒细胞降低,白细胞的骨髓抑制发生率为95.70%、中性粒细胞的骨髓抑制发生率为77.42%;55例同期放化疗患者中有30例出现3~4级骨髓抑制,主要表现为白细胞及中性粒细胞下降,与单纯放疗患者相比,其3~4级骨髓抑制发生率明显升高(P<0.05);骨盆受量参数V10与严重的白细胞下降有关(P<0.05),V15与严重的中性粒细胞下降有关(P<0.05)。结论盆腔肿瘤术后放疗患者骨髓抑制与骨盆低剂量照射有关,术后同期放化疗较单纯放疗更容易导致骨髓抑制,应注意保护骨盆,降低骨盆低剂量照射区域。

乳腺癌保乳术后应用3D技术填充瘤腔进行适形放疗的临床研究

目的探究乳腺癌保乳术后应用3D技术填充瘤腔进行适形放疗的靶区剂量、不良反应及美容度。方法选择2021年1月至2022年12月西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的48例乳腺癌患者,按照手术不同分为3D技术填充瘤腔组(24例)及对照组(24例)。全部患者均开展乳腺癌根治手术治疗,仅保乳方式不同,术后实施强度调控适形放射治疗计划下的加速部分乳腺照射。结果应用3D技术填充瘤腔保乳术后放疗的适形度指数及均匀性指数均明显高于常规保乳术后放疗(P<0.05)。3D技术填充瘤腔保乳术后放疗的肺及心脏危及器官剂量(平均剂量),肺的V 5、V 10、V 20、V 30、V 40及V 50均显著低于常规保乳术后放疗组(P<0.05)。2组患者的皮肤损伤、心律失常、骨髓抑制及消化道反应发生率差异无统计学意义。3D技术填充瘤腔保乳术后组患者的美容度要显著优于常规保乳术后患者(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌保乳术后应用3D技术填充瘤腔显著增强乳腺的美容度,且不影响放疗的安全及有效性。

长链非编码RNA-ROR介导上皮-间质转化对鼻咽癌细胞放疗抵抗作用的体外研究

目的 探讨lncRNA-ROR介导上皮-间质转化在鼻咽癌细胞放疗抵抗中的作用。方法 将鼻咽癌细胞CNE2分为空白组、阴性对照组、lncRNA-ROR沉默组,进行相应的处理。将CNE2细胞分为空白组、放疗组、放疗+阴性对照组、放疗+lncRNA-ROR过表达组(放疗处理为6 Gy射线照射24 h),进行相应的处理。用CCK-8法检测CNE2增殖能力,通过细胞划痕实验和Transwell 细胞迁移实验检测细胞迁移能力,用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡的情况,用蛋白印迹法检测凋亡相关蛋白和上皮-间质转化相关蛋白的表达。结果 与空白组、阴性对照组相比,抑制lncRNA-ROR表达48、72 h后鼻咽癌细胞CNE2的增殖能力均减弱(均P<0.05)。抑制lncRNA-ROR表达后鼻咽癌细胞CNE2的迁移率低于阴性对照组(P<0.05),而放疗+lncRNA-ROR过表达组CNE2细胞的迁移能力高于放疗组与放疗+阴性对照组(均P<0.05)。与放疗组、放疗+阴性对照组相比,放疗+lncRNA-ROR过表达组CNE2细胞的凋亡率均降低(均P<0.05)。抑制lncRNA-ROR后,活化的caspase 3、caspase 9蛋白表达均较空白组和阴性对照组升高(均P<0.05);而放疗+lncRNA-ROR过表达组活化的caspase 3、caspase 9蛋白表达均较放疗组和放疗+阴性对照组下降(均P<0.05)。抑制lncRNA-ROR可导致上皮标志蛋白(E-钙黏蛋白、β-联蛋白)表达升高,间质标志蛋白(N-钙黏蛋白、波形蛋白)表达下降(均P<0.05);而与放疗组和放疗+阴性对照组相比,放疗+lncRNA-ROR过表达组CNE2细胞的上皮标志蛋白表达下降、间质标志蛋白表达升高(均P<0.05)。结论 lncRNA-ROR可通过调控鼻咽癌细胞增殖、迁移、凋亡及上皮-间质转化影响其放疗抵抗,是逆转鼻咽癌细胞放疗抵抗的潜在靶点。

鼻咽癌放化疗治疗患者外周血PD-1及免疫指标水平的变化及其临床意义

目的探讨鼻咽癌放化疗治疗患者外周血程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)及免疫指标水平的变化及其临床意义。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2023年江苏省肿瘤医院收治的90例鼻咽癌患者,所有患者均经病理确诊并接受放化疗治疗,采集其血液样本之后采用流式细胞术对不同时间段(治疗前、新辅助化疗后、放疗后)外周血淋巴细胞亚群比例、外周血PD-1、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)细胞比例的水平变化予以动态监测并比较。结果鼻咽癌患者新辅助化疗后CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)细胞比例、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值分别为(72.28±8.37)%、(39.27±8.58)%、1.58±0.67,均明显高于治疗前,CD3-CD16^(+)CD56^(+)、CD19^(+)细胞比例分别为(18.27±8.38)%、(7.87±4.08)%,均明显低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);新辅助化疗后与治疗前的CD8^(+)细胞比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。鼻咽癌患者新辅助化疗之后CD8^(+)CD28^(+)细胞比例为(10.68±3.87)%,明显高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);新辅助化疗后与治疗前的外周血PD-1水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。放疗后与治疗前的CD3^(+)细胞比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);鼻咽癌患者放疗后CD4^(+)细胞比例、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值、CD19^(+)细胞比例分别为(26.68±6.09)%、0.88±0.29、(3.69±2.36)%,均明显低于治疗前,CD8^(+)、CD3-CD16^(+)CD56^(+)细胞比例分别为(31.03±8.08)%、(27.39±10.26)%,均明显高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。鼻咽癌患者放疗后CD8^(+)CD28^(+)细胞比例为(7.08±2.57)%,明显低于治疗前,外周血PD-1水平为(13.38±6.27)%,明显高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新辅助化疗之后鼻咽癌患者外周血T细胞亚群比值处于持续上调趋势,而放疗完成后处于下降趋势,表明鼻咽癌患者于放疗完成后免疫功能受损;放疗完成后鼻咽癌患者T细胞PD-1表达水平明显上调,提示PD-1抑制剂最佳使用时间可能为放化疗完成时,抗PD-1维持治疗可发挥持久、高效的抗肿瘤作用。

不同组织学分级乳腺癌放疗患者生理特征参数差异及5年预后的影响因素分析

目的 分析不同组织学分级乳腺癌放疗患者生理特征参数差异及5年预后的影响因素。方法 回顾性选取2015年4月至2018年4月在江苏省肿瘤医院接受放疗的80例乳腺癌患者进行研究。根据Bloom Richardson标准将患者进行组织学分级,并将其分为0~Ⅰ级组(n=30)和Ⅱ~Ⅲ级组(n=50)。分析0~Ⅰ级和Ⅱ~Ⅲ级患者生理特征参数(年龄、肿瘤位置、体重指数、胸围和患侧乳腺体积)的差异;经随访记录5年后0~Ⅰ级和Ⅱ~Ⅲ级患者的局部复发、远处转移、总生存率;分析预后良好组和预后不良组患者的生理特征参数差异;并建立多因素Logistic模型,分析影响不同乳腺癌预后的独立危险因素。结果 Ⅱ~Ⅲ级组体重指数>24 kg/m^(2)、胸围≥90 cm、患侧乳腺体积≥350 cm^(3)的患者比率分别为64.00%、80.00%、76.00%,均明显高于0~Ⅰ级组(33.33%、30.00%、36.67%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅱ~Ⅲ级组患者的局部复发率、远处转移率分别为32.00%、40.00%,均高于0~Ⅰ级组(10.00%、16.67%),5年总生存率为64.00%,低于0~Ⅰ级组(86.67%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。80例乳腺癌患者5年后的预后良好58例,预后良好率为72.50%,预后不良22例,预后不良率为27.50%。预后不良组与预后良好组患者年龄≥60岁、体重指数>24 kg/m^(2)、胸围≥90 cm、患侧乳腺体积≥350 cm^(3)、组织学Ⅱ~Ⅲ级比率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、体重指数、胸围、患侧乳腺体积、组织学分级均是影响乳腺癌5年预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁、体重指数>24 kg/m^(2)、胸围≥90 cm、患侧乳腺体积≥350 cm^(3)、组织学Ⅱ~Ⅲ级均是影响乳腺癌患者放疗5年预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 体重指数、胸围和患侧乳腺体积等生理特征与乳腺癌组织学分级有关,同时也是威胁乳腺癌放疗远期预后的独立危险因素。

Feasibility and safety of minimally invasive multivisceral resection for T4b rectal cancer:A 9-year review

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second highest cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.About 5%-10%of patients are diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)on presentation.For LARC invading into other structures(i.e.T4b),multivisceral resection(MVR)and/or pelvic ex-enteration(PE)remains the only potential curative surgical treatment.MVR and/or PE is a major and complex surgery with high post-operative morbidity.Minimally invasive surgery(MIS)has been shown to improve short-term post-operative outcomes in other gastrointestinal malignancies,but there is little evi-dence on its use in MVR,especially so for robotic MVR.This is a single-center retrospective cohort study from 1st January 2015 to 31st March 2023.Inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with cT4b rectal cancer and underwent MVR,or stage 4 disease with resectable systemic metastases.Pa-tients who underwent curative MVR for locally recurrent rectal cancer,or me-tachronous rectal cancer were also included.Exclusion criteria were patients with systemic metastases with non-resectable disease.All patients planned for elective surgery were enrolled into the standard enhanced recovery after surgery pathway with standard peri-operative management for colorectal surgery.Complex sur-gery was defined based on technical difficulty of surgery(i.e.total PE,bladder-sparing prostatectomy,pelvic lymph node dissection or need for flap creation).Our primary outcomes were the margin status,and complication rates.Cate-gorical values were described as percentages and analysed by the chi-square test.Continuous variables were expressed as median(range)and analysed by Mann-Whitney U test.Cumulative overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS)were analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimates with life table analysis.Log-rank test was performed to determine statistical significance between cumulative estimates.Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.Meier estimates with life table analysis.Log-rank test was performed to determine statistical significance between cumulative estimates.Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.RESULTS A total of 46 patients were included in this study[open MVR(oMVR):12(26.1%),miMVR:36(73.9%)].Patients’American Society of Anesthesiologists score,body mass index and co-morbidities were comparable between oMVR and miMVR.There is an increasing trend towards robotic MVR from 2015 to 2023.MiMVR was associated with lower estimated blood loss(EBL)(median 450 vs 1200 mL,P=0.008),major morbidity(14.7%vs 50.0%,P=0.014),post-operative intra-abdominal collections(11.8%vs 50.0%,P=0.006),post-operative ileus(32.4%vs 66.7%,P=0.04)and surgical site infection(11.8%vs 50.0%,P=0.006)compared with oMVR.Length of stay was also shorter for miMVR compared with oMVR(median 10 vs 30 d,P=0.001).Oncological outcomes-R0 resection,recurrence,OS and RFS were comparable between miMVR and oMVR.There was no 30-d mortality.More patients underwent robotic compared with laparoscopic MVR for complex cases(robotic 57.1%vs laparoscopic 7.7%,P=0.004).The operating time was longer for robotic compared with laparoscopic MVR[robotic:602(400-900)min,laparoscopic:Median 455(275-675)min,P<0.001].Incidence of R0 resection was similar(laparoscopic:84.6%vs robotic:76.2%,P=0.555).Overall complication rates,major morbidity rates and 30-d readmission rates were similar between la-paroscopic and robotic MVR.Interestingly,3-year OS(robotic 83.1%vs 58.6%,P=0.008)and RFS(robotic 72.9%vs 34.3%,P=0.002)was superior for robotic compared with laparoscopic MVR.CONCLUSION MiMVR had lower post-operative complications compared to oMVR.Robotic MVR was also safe,with acceptable post-operative complication rates.Prospective studies should be conducted to compare short-term and long-term outcomes between robotic vs laparoscopic MVR.

放疗在犬猫肿瘤中的应用

近年来,随着宠物医疗水平提升,犬猫的寿命逐渐增加,肿瘤疾病呈多发趋势。放疗作为肿瘤疾病治疗的重要方式之一,在我国兽医领域的应用和研究尚处于起步阶段,与国外相关领域的差距明显,亟待发展。本文系统介绍了放疗的原理、分类、方案制定和副作用,同时总结了放疗的最新技术研究进展及其在犬猫不同肿瘤中的应用,以期为放疗相关研究提供参考和借鉴。

植入放射性^(125)I粒子治疗腮腺上皮-肌上皮癌1例

患者女,65岁,右侧面部及头部麻木2个月,右侧外耳处破溃伴耳鸣、耳闷1个月,体质量下降4 kg,无其他不适,自服“阿莫西林胶囊”2周效果欠佳;无特殊既往史及家族史。查体及实验室检查均未见明显异常。颈部MRI:右侧腮腺内侧咽旁间隙内团块状肿物,呈T1WI等及低信号.

心血管磁共振成像评估肿瘤治疗相关心血管损伤的应用进展

随着肿瘤治疗技术的发展,肿瘤患者的生存率得到大幅改善。但肿瘤治疗可能伴有潜在的心血管毒性作用,导致心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率增加,最终肿瘤患者可能并非死于肿瘤,而死于肿瘤治疗,早期识别心血管损伤并制订相关策略改善这种副作用至关重要。心血管磁共振成像可实现对心脏结构、心脏功能、心肌组织特征及心脏大血管血流动力学的“一站式”评价,在评价心血管损伤,尤其是早期损伤方面具有重要作用。本综述回顾各种心血管磁共振成像方法在评估肿瘤治疗相关心血管损伤中的应用和进展。

晚期上皮性卵巢癌误诊为盆腔结核一例

盆腔结核是由结核分枝杆菌引起的女性盆腔炎症,是慢性盆腔炎和不孕症的常见原因。由于盆腔结核可引起腹盆腔钝性疼痛、腹胀等特征与晚期上皮性卵巢癌相似,加之肺外结核没有特异的临床特征或影像学表现可以明确诊断,因此盆腔腹膜结核很容易与腹膜癌和晚期上皮性卵巢癌混淆。分析1例晚期上皮性卵巢癌患者,因卵巢占位组织穿刺病理及腹水脱落细胞学检查均未查见肿瘤细胞,遂行结核鉴别检查,患者结核菌素试验和结核分枝杆菌γ干扰素均为阳性,诊断为盆腔结核,后经病理证实为上皮性卵巢癌。对本病例的诊治过程进行总结,以期为临床处理晚期上皮性卵巢癌与盆腔结核诊断困难的病例积累一定经验。

全乳切除术后放射治疗对前哨淋巴结微转移早期乳腺癌患者预后影响的Meta分析

目的:荟萃文献,对比分析前哨淋巴结微转移早期乳腺癌患者全乳切除术后行与未行放射治疗的预后。方法:检索中国生物医学文献数据库(China Biology Medicine,CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、维普(VIP)、万方数据库、PubMed数据库、Embase数据库、Web of science(WOS)数据库、Cochrane数据库,由2名研究者各自独立对入选研究的有关试验设计、研究对象特征、研究结果等进行摘录,采用纽卡斯尔渥太华量表进行质量评价,采用Stata 17.0及Review Manager 5.4进行Meta分析。结果:最终筛选出9篇相关文献,均为回顾性研究。中位随访30~98个月。术后放射治疗组与非放射治疗组乳腺癌特异性生存期(breast cancer-specific survival,BCSS)差异无统计学意义(HR=1.18,95%CI:0.94~1.48,Z=1.43,P=0.15);两组无病生存期(disease-free survival,DFS)差异亦无统计学意义(HR=0.51,95%CI:0.07~3.62,Z=-0.668,P=0.50);两组总生存期(overall survival,OS)差异亦无统计学意义(HR=1.02,95%CI:0.93~1.12,Z=0.39,P=0.70)。结论:前哨淋巴结微转移早期乳腺癌患者(T0、T1~2NmiM0)全乳切除术后予以放射治疗并不能改善患者的BCSS、DFS、OS。

子宫内膜癌相关放射性直肠损伤的多因素分析与风险预测模型构建

目的分析子宫内膜癌放疗致放射性直肠损伤(RRI)的影响因素,并进行风险预测模型构建及验证。方法选取2020年2月—2023年2月于南通大学附属肿瘤医院收治的子宫内膜癌行盆腔放疗的老年患者86例,根据RTOG/EORTC分级,将0~1级患者划归为<2级RRI组(n=36),而2~4级患者划归为≥2级RRI组(n=50)。采用单因素、Logistic多因素回归分析法对≥2级RRI发生的高危因素进行分析。结果Logistic回归分析显示,年龄>75岁、肿瘤直径≥4 cm、临床分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、HAD评分高(11~21分)、SSRS评分低(分值<20分)、直肠平均受照剂量(mean)≥40 Gy、浸润程度≥1/2及放疗时间≥4周均为导致子宫内膜癌放疗患者发生≥2级RRI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。构建子宫内膜癌放疗后≥2级RRI的风险预测模型,其Hosmer-Lemeshow检验(χ^(2)=5.138,P>0.05),预测模型的AUC为0.912,95%CI为0.856~0.962,表明子宫内膜癌放疗致≥2级RRI的预测模型有较好的拟合度和预测效能(P<0.05)。结论子宫内膜癌放疗易发生≥2级RRI,这可能与患者的年龄、肿瘤直径、临床分期、HAD评分、SSRS评分、直肠mean≥40 Gy、浸润程度及放疗时间等因素相关,根据各危险因素构建模型可以较好地预测子宫内膜癌放疗后≥2级RRI概率。

右乳腺癌术后内乳放疗效果及安全性的研究

目的 探讨右侧乳腺癌改良根治术后腋窝淋巴结转移≥4枚患者行内乳电子线放射照射的近期疗效及放射性肺炎的风险因素研究。方法 选择行右侧乳腺癌改良根治术,且腋窝淋巴结转移≥4枚患者100例,其中N2期66例,N3期34例。所有患者接受规范的新辅助或术后辅助化疗、靶向及内分泌治疗。放疗方案右侧锁骨上下区采用调强X线放疗,右侧胸壁野及右侧内乳区采用电子线,放疗剂量均为50 Gy/25次。观察患者近期疗效及放射性肺炎的发生情况,进一步探索放射性肺炎发生的高危因素。结果 患者清扫腋窝淋巴结的中位数为22枚,而淋巴结阳性的中位数为7枚。中位随访39.5个月,区域淋巴结复发1例,胸壁复发2例,远处转移4例,死亡1例。1级放射性肺炎38例(38%),2级放射性肺炎2例(2%)。Logistic分析显示,放疗后2级淋巴细胞降低是导致放射性肺炎的独立因素。结论 右侧乳腺癌改良根治术后行内乳区电子线放疗安全可行,并未额外增加不良反应。放疗后发生2级及以上淋巴细胞降低是发生放射性肺炎的高危因素。

真空垫联合CIVCO俯卧位托架在直肠癌放疗摆位中的应用

目的:改进CIVCO俯卧位托架在直肠癌中应用方法,探究真空垫与CIVCO俯卧位托架联合使用(改进型固定组A)与单独使用CIVCO俯卧位托架(一般型固定组B)摆位误差差异,制定真空垫固定下肢流程与要求。方法:基于CBCT(cone beam CT),采集摆位误差数据,回顾性选取2021年10月至2023年4月行俯卧位直肠癌放射治疗患者。改进型固定组32例,一般型固定组32例;两组中又以BMI(body mass index):24 kg/m^(2)为分界值进行亚组分类(肥胖体态A_(1)、B_(1),普通体态A_(2)、B_(2))。通过统计学方法两独立样本t检验,分别比较两组患者在X(lateral,LAT)、Y(length,LNG)、Z(vertal,VRT)三方向摆位误差均值差异;比较亚组间在X、Y、Z三方向摆位误差均值差异。采用秩和检验比较两组三维空间矢量误差差异;卡方检验展示三维空间矢量误差>0.52 cm占比。采用单因素方差分析探究改进型固定组与放疗摆位时间关系,经事后分析各方向误差均值变化趋势。根据PTV边界公式评估改进型固定在俯卧位直肠癌放射治疗临床应用价值。结果:两组摆位误差均值t检验结果:X(t=2.404,P=0.017),Y(t=4.864,P<0.05),Z(t=3.704,P<0.05),三方向误差均值差异有统计学意义。三维空间矢量误差分析结果:改进型固定组0.35(0.25~0.42)cm,一般型固定组0.42(0.29~0.61)cm(Z=-5.783,P<0.05);其中改进型固定组Δ>0.52 cm占比8.7%,一般型固定组Δ>0.52 cm占比28.2%(Z=-5.718,χ^(2)=32.757,P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义,改进型固定组患者其三位空间矢量误差漂移范围更小。两组在X、Y、Z三方向PTV外放值M PTV分别为A(0.51,0.49,0.58)cm,B(0.73,0.92,0.83)cm。基于BMI指数:在A组中误差均值差异X(t=-2.053,P=0.042),Y(t=-4.621,P<0.05),Z(t=-3.676,P<0.05)差异具有统计学意义;在A、B两组肥胖患者中误差均值差异仅发现在Z(t=3.431,P=0.002)差异具有统计学意义,X(t=1.170,P=0.244),Y(t=1.969,P=0.051)差异无统计学意义。在A、B两组普通BMI患者比较中X(t=-2.39,P=0.017),Y(t=-5.734,P<0.05)和Z(t=-2.722,P=0.007)差异有统计学意义。对改进型固定组单因素方差分析,各时段摆位误差均值组间两两比较仅在Y(F=5.951,P<0.05)、Z(F=3.155,P=0.015)方向上不同摆位时期误差均值差异有统计学意义,且第1周摆位误差均值差异大于其他几周(P<0.05)。X(F=0.625,P=0.645)方向上随摆位时间推移误差均值无显著差异。结论:经综合评估真空垫与CIVCO俯卧位托架联合使用对直肠癌俯卧位放疗摆位误差改善总体效果优于单纯使用俯卧位托架,但是改进型固定方式对肥胖患者摆位误差改善仍不甚满意。改进型固定组在全疗程放射治疗过程中,第1周在Y和Z方向上误差较大,相较于第一周治疗随着时间推移Y、Z方向误差整体变小,除第一周之外的其他治疗时段误差是无差异的。摆位可重复性稳定。

多参数MRI纹理分析预测直肠癌患者放射治疗后早期股骨头坏死

目的 探讨多参数MRI(mpMRI)纹理分析预测直肠癌患者放射治疗(放疗)后早期股骨头坏死(FHN)的价值。方法 回顾性分析52例接受盆腔放疗直肠癌患者放疗前2周及放疗后3个月内的盆腔MRI,其中31例未见FHN,21例出现早期FHN(Ⅰ期16例,Ⅱ期5例)。采用3D-slicer软件基于T1WI、T2WI和弥散加权成像(DWI)分割右侧股骨头,并提取其纹理参数;对比放疗前后纹理参数,将差异有统计学意义的放疗前参数纳入多因素logistic回归分析,建立模型T1WI、模型T2WI、模型DWI及模型T1WI+T2WI+DWI。根据放疗后影像学所见行股骨头坏死骨循环研究协会(ARCO)分期,以受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析单一纹理参数及联合模型预测直肠癌患者放疗后早期FHN的效能。结果 T1WI及T2WI纹理参数中,放疗前股骨头能量及均匀性高于放疗后;DWI纹理参数中,放疗前股骨头能量高于、而长行程高灰度强调及短行程高灰度强调低于放疗后。上述放疗前纹理参数单一预测直肠癌患者放疗后早期FHN的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.581~0.712,模型T1WI、模型T2WI、模型DWI和模型T1WI+T2WI+DWI的AUC分别为0.660、0.713、0.770和0.853。结论 mpMRI纹理分析可有效预测直肠癌患者放疗后早期FHN。