Sacroiliac joint stability: Finite element analysis of implant number, orientation, and superior implant length

AIM To analyze how various implants placement variables affect sacroiliac(SI) joint range of motion. METHODS An experimentally validated finite element model of the lumbar spine and pelvis was used to simulate a fusion of the SI joint using various placement configurations of triangular implants(iF use Implant System~?). Placement configurations were varied by changing implant orientation, superior implant length, and number of implants. The range of motion of the SI joint was calculated using a constant moment of 10 N-m with a follower load of 400 N. The changes in motion were compared between the treatment groups to assess how the different variables affected the overall motion of the SI joint. RESULTS Transarticular placement of 3 implants with superior implants that end in the middle of the sacrum resulted in the greatest reduction in range of motion(flexion/extension = 73%, lateral bending = 42%, axial rotation = 72%). The range of motions of the SI joints were reduced with use of transarticular orientation(9%-18%) when compared with an inline orientation. The use of a superior implant that ended mid-sacrum resulted in median reductions of(8%-14%) when compared with a superior implant that ended in the middle of the ala. Reducing the number of implants, resulted in increased SI joint range of motions for the 1 and 2 implant models of 29%-133% and 2%-39%, respectively,when compared with the 3 implant model.CONCLUSION Using a validated finite element model we demonstrated that placement of 3 implants across the SI joint using a transarticular orientation with superior implant reaching the sacral midline resulted in the most stable construct. Additional clinical studies may be required to confirm these results.

Static and Dynamic Mechanics Analysis on Artificial Hip Joints with Different Interface Designs by the Finite Element Method

Four different structural models of artificial joints were developed and the finite element method （FEM） was employed to investigate their mechanical characteristics under static and dynamic conditions. The materials used in the FEM calculation were ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene （UHMWPE）, 316L stainless steel, CoCrMo alloy and Ti6A14V alloy. The stress distribution, strain, and elastic deformation under static and dynamic conditions were obtained. Analysis and comparison of the ~alculation results of different models were conducted. It is shown that with the same parameters the model of a metallic femur head covered with an artificial cartilage layer is more similar to the structure of the natural human joint and its mechanical characteristics are the best of the four models.

Finite Element Modeling and Modal Analysis of Complicated Structure with Bolted Joints

A contact bolt model is proposed as a new modeling technique to investigate the complex structure with bolted joints for modal analysis and compared with the coupled bolt model, and the test results are given. Among these models, the coupled bolt model provides the best accurate responses compared with the experimental results. The contact bolt model shows the best effectiveness and usefulness in view of operational time. The bolt models proposed in this study are adopted for a dynamic characteristic analysis of a large diesel engine consisting of several parts which are connected by many bolts. The dynamic behavior of the entire engine structure was investigated by experiment. The coupled bolt model and the contact bolt model were applied to model the assembly of engine with high preload. The experimental results are in good agreement with the finite element method （FEM） results. Compared with the other models, the contact bolt model presented in this paper is more effective and useful in view of operational time and experience of analysts.

Vacuum electron beam brazing technology and finite element analysis on temperature field of capillary to plate joint

Some parts with capillary to plate joint have important application in aerocrafi. Vacuum electron beam brazing （VEBB） technology is used to realize this jointing with capillaries. Firstly 3D finite element analysis model is built in this paper according to this special structure. And then ANSYS finite element analysis software is used to analyze brazing temperature field at different brazing parameters. The calculation results show that the temperature field of simulation has good agreement with that measured by experiment, which proves dependence of the model built in this paper. And also reference parameters could be provided for real brazing process through calculation in this model. Brazed joint of capiUary to plate with good performance is achieved using VEBB technology. The achievement of the study will be applied in aerocrafi in the future.

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis and Optimum Design of Spot-Welded Joints and Weld-Bonded Joints

Resistance spot welding and hybrid weld bonding have wide applications in the body work construction within the automobile industry. The integrity of the spot welds and applied adhesives determines the body assembly rigidity and dynamic performance. Incorporating contact nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity, finite element analysis (FEA) have been carried out to investigate the structural stiffness and strength of both spot-welded and weld-bonded assemblies. Topology optimization has been performed to reveal the distributions of material effectiveness in the overlap regions and suggest a feasible method for removing underutilized material for weight reduction. Design optimization has been conducted with an aim to reduce the maximum von Mises stress in the assembly to minimum by choosing optimum values for a set of design variables, including the weld spacing, weld diameter and overlap width.

Mechanical strength analysis of SMT solder joints by finite element method

In this paper,the finite element calculation is applied to the analysis of stress inside the SMT solder joints.The effects of the solder joints'shape,the voids inside them and the quantity of solder on the mechanical strength of the SMT solder joints are analyzed and compared This is essential to the design of the SMT solder joints and soldering techniques.

3D Finite Element Analysis of a Man Hip Joint Femur under Impact Loads

Objective: The biomechanical characters of the bone fracture of the man femoral hip joint under impact loads are explored. Methods:A biosystem model of the man femoral hip joint by using the GE (General Electric) lightspeed multi-lay spiral CT is conducted. A 3D finite element model is established by employing the finite element software ANSYS. The FE analysis mainly concentrates on the effects of the impact directions arising from intense movements and the parenchyma on the femoral hip joint on the stress distributions of the proximal femur. Results:The parenchyma on the hip joint has relatively large relaxation effect on the impact loads. Conclusion:Effects of the angle δ of the impact load to the anterior direction and the angle γ of the impact load to the femur shaft on the bone fracture are given;δ has larger effect on the stress and strain distributions than the angle γ, which mainly represents the fracture of the upper femur including the femoral neck fracture when the posterolateral femur is impacted, consistent with the clinical results.

Investigation of contact behavior on a model of the dual-mobility artificial hip joint for Asians in different inner liner thicknesses

BACKGROUND The four components that make up the current dual-mobility artificial hip joint design are the femoral head,the inner liner,the outer liner as a metal cover to prevent wear,and the acetabular cup.The acetabular cup and the outer liner were constructed of 316L stainless steel.At the same time,the inner liner was made of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE).As this new dual-mobility artificial hip joint has not been researched extensively,more tribological research is needed to predict wear.The thickness of the inner liner is a significant component to consider when calculating the contact pressure.AIM To make use of finite element analysis to gain a better understanding of the contact behavior in various inner liner thicknesses on a new model of a dual-mobility artificial hip joint,with the ultimate objective of determining the inner liner thickness that was most suitable for this particular type of dual-mobility artificial hip joint.METHODS In this study,the size of the femoral head was compared between two diameters(28 mm and 36 mm)and eight inner liner thicknesses ranging from 5 mm to 12 mm.Using the finite element method,the contact parameters,including the maximum contact pressure and contact area,have been evaluated in light of the Hertzian contact theory.The simulation was performed statically with dissipated energy and asymmetric behavior.The types of interaction were surface-to-surface contact and normal contact behavior.RESULTS The maximum contact pressures in the inner liner(UHMWPE)at a head diameter of 28 mm and 36 mm are between 3.7-13.5 MPa and 2.7-10.4 MPa,respectively.The maximum von Mises of the inner liner,outer liner,and acetabular cup are 2.4–11.4 MPa,15.7–44.3 MPa,and 3.7–12.6 MPa,respectively,for 28 mm head.Then the maximum von Mises stresses of the 36 mm head are 1.9-8.9 MPa for the inner liner,9.9-32.8 MPa for the outer liner,and 2.6-9.9 MPa for the acetabular cup.A head with a diameter of 28 mm should have an inner liner with a thickness of 12 mm.Whereas the head diameter was 36 mm,an inner liner thickness of 8 mm was suitable.CONCLUSION The contact pressures and von Mises stresses generated during this research can potentially be exploited in estimating the wear of dual-mobility artificial hip joints in general.Contact pressure and von Mises stress reduce with an increasing head diameter and inner liner’s thickness.Present findings would become one of the references for orthopedic surgery for choosing suitable bearing geometric parameter of hip implant.

Effect of rock joints on lined rock caverns subjected to high internal gaspressure

The storage of hydrogen gas in lined rock caverns(LRCs)may enable the implementation of the firstlarge-scale fossil-free steelmaking process in Sweden,but filling such storage causes joints in the rockmass to open,concentrating strains in the lining.The structural interaction between the LRC componentsmust be able to reduce the strain concentration in the sealing steel lining;however,this interaction iscomplex and difficult to predict with analytical methods.In this paper,the strain concentration in LRCsfrom the opening of rock joints is studied using finite element(FE)analyses,where the large-and small-scale deformation behaviors of the LRC are coupled.The model also includes concrete crack initiation anddevelopment with increasing gas pressure and rock joint width.The interaction between the jointed rockmass and the reinforced concrete,the sliding layer,and the steel lining is demonstrated.The results showthat the rock mass quality and the spacing of the rock joints have the greatest influence on the straindistributions in the steel lining.The largest effect of rock joints on the maximum strains in the steellining was observed for geological conditions of“good”quality rock masses.

装配式钢板-混凝土地下粮仓螺栓-焊缝节点受弯承载力分析

装配式钢板-混凝土组合地下粮仓具有节约土地、节能减碳、绿色环保、密闭低温等优点,但是连接节点的结构形式和力学性能仍是制约其发展及推广应用的关键难题之一。为解决节点焊缝过多、施焊难度大等问题,该研究提出一种新型装配式钢板-混凝土组合地下粮仓螺栓-焊缝竖向节点,采用螺栓代替部分焊缝,减少焊缝长度、方便构件施工。依据规范要求及实际工程情况,设计了2种不同螺栓数量(单侧三螺栓连接和单侧五螺栓连接)的螺栓-焊缝竖向节点试件,利用四点弯曲试验与有限元数值分析,研究其破坏形态和受弯承载力性能。结果表明:三螺栓试件与五螺栓试件承载力的试验值分别为1998、2053 kN,两试件承载力基本相同;相较于五螺栓试件,三螺栓试件在破坏后具有更好的延性。在参数取值范围内,混凝土强度、内防水钢板厚度、外防水钢板厚度和内衬钢板厚度对峰值荷载回归得到的标准化系数(Beta)分别为0.993、-0.003、-0.012、0.056,表明增加混凝土强度可有效提高试件承载能力。研究成果可为装配式钢板-混凝土地下粮仓节点的设计提供科学参考和设计依据。

液压钻机钻杆连接方式研究

为了提高钻杆拆卸速度和改善转矩传递方式,文中根据液压管快速接头的工作原理对ZDY1900型钻机使用的63.5 mm钻杆接头进行改进和优化,研究设计了一种新型的钻杆连接方式。建立三维模型,导入ANSYS有限元软件进行静力学分析,并根据结果对接头结构进行进一步优化。改进后的快速接头改正了螺纹接头只能单向旋转的缺点,能够实现正反转动,并且装卸快速方便,更利于机械装卸和矿用钻机自动化发展。

基于Pushover方法的耗能自复位铰节点框架结构抗震性能分析

基于Pushover分析方法研究设置耗能自复位铰节点(EDSC-HJ)的钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能.首先介绍EDSC-HJ框架的结构形式,并建立了EDSC-HJ框架结构的有限元模型,通过与振动台试验结果对比验证数值模拟的正确性;其次使用Pushover方法计算EDSC-HJ框架有控结构与无控结构的抗震性能并设计节点弹性恢复装置和耗能装置的力学参数.结果表明:EDSC-HJ框架结构节点相对转动刚度比的合理取值区间为0.05~0.5;设置节点阻尼器的EDSC-HJ有控结构的层间位移响应下降了76%,且满足限值要求;由于节点阻尼器的设置提高了结构的附加抗侧刚度,有控结构的基底剪力响应提高了23%.EDSC-HJ框架结构的抗震性能明显优于钢筋混凝土框架(RCF)结构,具有良好的韧性结构特征.

异形单层网壳结构的整体稳定性研究及关键节点分析

单层网壳结构属于缺陷敏感结构,整体稳定问题是结构设计的关键.单层网壳结构可以采用空间相贯节点,有必要对节点进行三维实体有限元分析,在此基础上研究节点的力学性能.本文总结了单层网壳结构整体稳定分析的方法,归纳了空间相贯节点三维实体有限元分析方法;针对异形单层网壳结构,研究了结构的静力性能、结构网格与建筑形状对结构承载能力的影响,确定了结构的弹性稳定承载力和弹塑性稳定承载力;对空间相贯节点进行了有限元分析,得到节点处应力的分布情况,并研究了节点隐蔽部位有无焊缝对节点力学性能的影响.结果表明:异形单层网壳的曲率变化和结构网格对关键部位处杆件受力影响较大;稳定承载力对单层网壳结构起控制作用,对此异形单层网壳进行弹塑性稳定分析,结构安全系数达到24;隐蔽部位焊缝对节点承载力的影响较大,设置隐蔽部位焊缝后,节点处各杆件的最大应力可减小20%以上.

装配式水泥路面夹环连接式传力杆接缝设计及验证

面向可拆卸装配式水泥路面,提出了一种夹环连接式传力杆接缝,在阐述其特征和基本参数的基础上,选取挠度传荷系数和弯沉差作为指标,使用有限元方法分析了下开口槽、传力杆、夹环构件等参数对夹环连接式传力杆接缝传荷能力的影响,同时分析了夹环连接式传力杆接缝的构件及界面应力的变化规律,得到了合理的接缝参数;此外,通过室内足尺试验评价了夹环连接式传力杆接缝的传荷性能。结果表明,提出的夹环连接式传力杆接缝的传荷能力满足要求,具有一定的工程应用价值。

骨架膜装配式节点设计与承载力分析

提出的骨架膜结构装配式节点具有构造简单、预制程度高、便于现场装配、可以调节消减加工误差、适应各种形状的骨架膜结构、传力清晰等特点。基于Hertz接触理论分析了该节点的关键承载结构——销轴连接的应力分布形式并与有限元分析相互印证。基于有限元分析得出了该节点中杆件与耳板最佳的连接方式,对该节点的三维模型进行简化并建立有限元模型,计算了该节点的极限承载能力,得到其破坏形式并与同规格的空间相贯焊接钢管节点进行对比。结果表明:该装配式节点的失效由下弦杆控制,满足“强节点,弱杆件”的设计要求;该装配式节点的极限承载能力为设计荷载的2.95倍,与同规格的空间相贯焊接钢管节点几乎相同,有充足的安全余量,可以更加灵活地应用于各种建筑结构中。

装配式混凝土墙板新型键槽接缝受剪性能研究

为研究适用于低多层装配式混凝土(PC)墙板的新型键槽接缝界面的受剪性能,设计并制作2组共8个键槽式接缝连接的PC墙板试件,开展单向推剪加载试验和扩展参数数值分析,分别探讨轴压比、结合面砂浆强度及键槽构造形式等因素对键槽界面受剪性能的影响;提出新型键槽接缝界面的受剪承载力计算公式,并构建键槽接缝界面的剪力-滑移模型。研究结果表明:轴压比对接缝破坏形态和受剪承载力均具有显著影响,增大轴压比后,裂缝发展更为充分,局部混凝土出现剥落甚至压溃,接缝的受剪承载力与轴压比近似呈线性关系。提高结合面砂浆强度可较大幅度地提升接缝的受剪承载力,对比普通填充砂浆,采用高强砂浆连接试件的受剪承载力提高了57.2%。合理的键槽界面构造可有效提高接缝的受剪承载力,相较于传统的平直缝界面,深度为50 mm、倾斜倒角为11.3°的键槽界面的受剪承载力提升了16.5%。本文所提公式受剪承载力计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,所提模型能准确预测键槽界面的受剪行为。

一种基于根管预备的绳驱机器人设计与分析

该文设计一种应用于根管预备手术中绳驱机器人构型。电机转动输出连接软轴,软轴与绳索滚筒采用锥度插孔相连,可以实现输出轴方便快捷的拆卸,便于末端机构的高温消毒程序。采用绳索驱动实现驱动元件与执行元件的相对远距离布置,保证末端执行部件的较小尺寸,便于在口腔狭小空间中进行动作。对末端执行机构根管锉软轴进行变形分析,并利用相邻关节间绳索的反向拉缩进行运动的补偿,保证关节间运动的解耦。最后进行样机的制作并验证其基本运动与运动补偿具备可行性。

基于Solidworks的重载机器人肩部的建模与静态分析

为了提高机器人的肩部有效控制能力,设计了一个165 kg重载6自由度机器人肩关节.通过设计一个谐波减速器和一对直齿齿轮以降低转速和提升转矩,利用齿轮与轴的配合完成肩关节在平面内的旋转.选择110AEA12020-SH3交流伺服电机、SHG-45-100谐波减速器以及6011和6016深沟球轴承进行肩部旋转关节旋转方案的设计,并利用有限元法对传动系统主要部件的静力学强度进行分析.结果表明,该肩部旋转关节旋转方案设计合理,轴承与齿轮的静力学性能满足实际应用需求.

考虑结合面特性影响的机床整机有限元静力学分析模型

针对机床数字化设计中典型结合面建模精度误差较大的问题,提出了一种采用虚拟材料等效结合面静力学特性的方法,建立了考虑结合面特性影响的机床整机有限元静力学分析模型,并完成了相应的静刚度测试实验。首先,综合考虑了弹塑性变形机制和摩擦力的影响,提出了一种新的结合面法向和切向刚度的分析模型;其次,根据不同类型结合面的特点,采用虚拟材料模拟结合面的刚度特性,建立了刚度特性与虚拟材料弹性模量和泊松比的关系,并将其应用于精密数控机床整机的静刚度分析;最后,开展了整机工艺系统的静刚度测试实验,得到了主轴末端X、Y、Z三个方向的刚度分别为26.60 N/μm、41.87 N/μm和40.17 N/μm,并将其与仿真数据进行了对比。研究结果表明:不考虑结合面影响的模型相对误差将近17%,而考虑结合面影响的模型相对误差在5%以内,验证了考虑结合面特性影响的机床整机有限元静力学分析模型的有效性;采用虚拟材料等效结合面静力学特性的方法可作为机床数字化设计的一种可行的方法。