The dissolution of total suspended solids and treatment strategy of tailwater in a Litopenaeus vannamei recirculating aquaculture system

In recirculating aquaculture systems(RASs),the effective treatment of aquaculture tailwater is essential to maintain the health of the RAS.This study investigated the optimal time and method for tailwater treatment during three periods of the aquaculture of the Litopenaeus vannamei:nursery(0–26 d),middle(27–57 d),and later(57–104 d).The variation of several water parameters during the dissolution of total suspended solid(TSS)in tailwater,applied with the effects of ozone on the microorganism and water quality parameters were investigated.Results showed that the TSS concentrations in tailwater decreased with time,although not significantly(P>0.05),whereas total ammonia nitrogen(TAN),nitrite(NO-2-N),and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)-N)increased significantly(P<0.05).Therefore,TSS should be removed from the tailwater as early as possible,being most optimal within 4 h.Ozone removed 38.24%–48.95%of TSS,17.78%–90.14%of TAN,and 87.50%–98.90%of NO-2-N after 4 h of treatment.However,it resulted in the significant accumulation of NO_(3)^(-)-N.Moreover,the total number of Vibrio and bacterial counts in aquaculture tailwater was reduced completely by ozone within 4 h.Thus,these results provided technical details and data support for the effective treatment of tailwater from shrimp RAS.

Effect of dietary supplement of inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M 17 on growth performance,immune response,disease resistance,and intestinal microbiota in Penaeus vannamei

Our previous study found that feeding with Lactobacillus plantarum Ep-M17 could effectively affect the growth performance,immune response,and gut microbiota of Penaeus vannamei.However,high temperature and pressure during feed pelletizing is the main problem that can lead to a decrease in the activity of probiotics or cause their inactivation.Further investigation needs to investigate whether inactivated Ep-M17 can exert similar effects as live Ep-M17.Therefore,we evaluated the effects of inactivated L.plantarum Ep-M17 on growth performance,immune response,disease resistance,and gut microbiota in P.vannamei.Results show that adding inactivated Ep-M17 to the feed also promoted body weight gain and increased relative immune protection in shrimp.Also,histological examination revealed that the administration of inactivated Ep-M17 led to improvements in the density and distribution of microvilli in the intestines and enhancements in the abundance of B and R cells in the hepatopancreas.Additionally,the inactivated Ep-M17 supplementation resulted in increased activity levels of nutrient immune-related enzymes in both the shrimp hepatopancreas and intestines.Moreover,it stimulated the expression of Lvlec,PEN-3a,Crustin,LGBP,Lysozyme,and proPo genes in both the hepatopancreas and intestines.Furthermore,the inactivated Ep-M17 also increased bacterial diversity in the gut of shrimp and promoted the abundance of specific flora,facilitating the host organism’s metabolism and immunity to improve the disease resistance of shrimp.Therefore,supplementation of inactivated L.plantarum Ep-M17 in shrimp diets can exert similar effects as live L.plantarum Ep-M17 effectively improving growth performance,gut microbiota,immune response,and disease resistance in P.vannamei.

Insights into sensitizing and eliciting capacity of gastric and gastrointestinal digestion products of shrimp(Penaeus vannamei)proteins in BALB/c mice

Shrimp(Penaeus vannamei)proteins have been shown an allergenic potential;however,little information is available on the sensitizing and eliciting capacity of shrimp protein digestion products.In this study,a BALB/c mice model was used to explore the allergenicity of shrimp protein sample(SPS)and their gastric and gastrointestinal digestion products(GDS/GIDS).As compared with the SPS groups,the GDS/GIDS groups caused lower specific immunoglobulins(Ig E/Ig G1)levels(P<0.05),but higher than the control groups,indicating that the digestion products sensitized the mice.Meanwhile,spleen index,mouse mast cell protease-1(m MCP-1)concentration and proportion of degranulated mast cells were significantly reduced in the GDS/GIDS groups(P<0.05);simultaneously,allergic symptoms,vascular permeability and histopathological changes of tissues were alleviated.Nevertheless,the allergenicity of digestion products cannot be eliminated and still cause systemic allergic reactions in mice.The study showed that the digestion products of shrimp still had high sensitizing and eliciting capacity.

Effect of copper on the growth of shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei : water parameters and copper budget in a recirculating system

Shrimps( Litopenaeus vannamei) were intensively cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system for 98 days to investigate effects of 0.3 mg/L Cu on its performance, Cu budget, and Cu distribution. Shrimps in Cu-treated systems had greater mean final weight(11.10 vs 10.50 g), body length(107.23 vs 106.42 mm), survival rate(67.80% vs 66.40%), and yield(6.42 vs 5.99 kg/m 3), and lower feed conversion ratio(1.20 vs 1.29) than those in control systems but the differences were not significant. Vibrio numbers remained stable(10 4 –10 6 colony forming units/mL) in the rearing tanks of both control and treated systems. Total ammonium-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, pH, chemical oxygen demand, 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids were similar in controls and treatments. Dissolved Cu concentration in the treated systems decreased from 0.284 to 0.089 mg/L while in the control systems it increased from 0.006 2 to 0.018 mg/L. The main sources of Cu in the treated systems were the artificially added component(75.7% of total input), shrimp feed(21.0%), water(2.06%), and shrimp biomass(1.22%). The major outputs of Cu occurred via the mechanical filter(41.7%), water renewal(15.6%), and draining of the sediment trap(15.1%). The foam fractionator removed only 0.69% of total Cu input. Harvested shrimp biomass accounted for 11.68% of Cu input. The Cu concentration of shrimps in the Cu-treated systems(30.70 mg/kg wet weight) was significantly higher than that in control systems(22.02 mg/kg). Both were below the maximum permissible concentration(50 mg/kg) for Cu in seafood for human consumption in China. Therefore, recirculating systems can be used for commercial on-growing of Litopenaeus vannamei without loss of shrimp quality, even in water polluted by 0.30 mg/L Cu. The mechanical filter is the main route for Cu removal.

不同糖源对南美白对虾Penaeus vannamei生长、成活率和虾体组成的影响

在饲料中分别添加w=20%的葡萄糖、小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、蔗糖、糊精,饲养初始质量为(0 78±0 01)g的南美白对虾,经过56d的生长试验,观察不同糖源对于南美白对虾的生长、成活率、机体营养组成的影响。实验结果表明,南美白对虾对不同糖源的利用表现出差异性,蔗糖组的成活率、特定生长率、饲料效率均最高;其他各组差异不显著。不同糖源对南美白对虾生长的影响依次为蔗糖>玉米淀粉>小麦淀粉>糊精>葡萄糖>马铃薯淀粉;对南美白对虾成活率的影响依次为蔗糖>马铃薯淀粉>玉米淀粉>小麦淀粉>糊精>葡萄糖。不同糖源对南美白对虾全虾蛋白质含量和水分含量的影响差异不大,但是糊精和马铃薯淀粉组的全虾脂肪含量明显低于其他各组,蔗糖组的全虾灰分与其他各组都没有显著性差异,葡萄糖组最高,糊精组最低。

南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)视神经节和脑免疫细胞化学研究

应用抗脊椎动物 5 羟色胺、神经肽Y、β 内啡肽、P物质、生长抑素、胰高血糖素、催乳素抗体和SABC免疫细胞化学方法 ,对南美白对虾视神经节和脑进行了免疫细胞化学研究。结果表明 ,前 4种抗体呈现免疫阳性反应 :5 羟色胺免疫阳性细胞分布于视神经节的视神经层、视外髓、视内髓和视端髓 ;前脑前中细胞群 ,中脑嗅叶内侧细胞群、嗅叶外侧细胞群以及前脑中部的前端神经髓质呈免疫阳性反应。神经肽Y免疫阳性细胞分布于视神经节的 4个神经髓 ;前脑前中群细胞和前脑中部的前端神经髓质也呈阳性反应。P物质免疫阳性细胞位于前脑前中群。β 内啡肽免疫阳性细胞仅分布于后脑后侧群。 4种免疫阳性物质特异性的分布模式 。

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)亲虾繁殖期水体微生物多样性

为了揭示凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)繁殖期亲虾养殖水体的微生物多样性,我们比较了雌雄虾养殖水体细菌群落结构差异,采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序方法对凡纳滨对虾亲虾养殖水体细菌的16S rRNA基因的两个高变区(V3-V4)进行测序分析,并进行了α-多样性指数和β-多样性指数分析。结果表明:雌雄虾养殖水体细菌群落的α-多样性指数中Chao1,ACE和Goods-coverage指数无显著差异(P>0.05),而Observed-species,Shannon和Simpson指数有显著性差异(P<0.05)。主坐标分析和聚类热图分析表明雌雄虾养殖水体的细菌群落结构不同,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为两者共同的优势菌门,但其相对丰度有一定差异,在雄虾养殖池水体中相对丰度分别为76.15%和21.28%;在雌虾养殖池水体中相对丰度分别为66.01%和29.02%。两者的核心微生物群(属水平)明显不同,雄虾养殖水体的核心属主要包括Glaciecola、Octadecabacter、Methylobacterium、Psychroserpens、Olleya;雌虾养殖水体的核心属主要包括Pseudomonas、Polaribacter、Pseudoalteromonas、Vibrio、Arcobacter、Synechococcus、Hyphomonas、Paracoccus、HTCC、Thalassomonas、Thalassobius、Owenweeksia等,其中包括了Vibrio、Pseudomonas和Owenweeksia等病原相关菌类。该实验结果对凡纳滨对虾育苗阶段亲虾的健康管理、病害诊断及防治具有重要意义。

投喂频率对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei Boone)生长、饲料利用及虾体组成影响的初步研究

本实验选用商品饲料饲养平均初体重为 0 .0 9g的南美白对虾 ,经过 30 d的生长实验 ,研究不同投喂频率对南美白对虾生长、成活以及饲料利用的影响。结果表明 ,随着投喂频率由 3次 /天增加到 5次 /天 ,南美白对虾的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著提高 ,而饲料系数则显著降低 ,但当投喂频率由 5次 /天增加到 7次 /天时 ,南美白对虾增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率并无显著提高。对对虾全虾体主要组成成分的分析表明南美白对虾体主要组成成分并不受投喂频率增加的影响。

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)循环水养殖塘挂膜式生物滤器内微生物的多样性

为了解凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖过程中挂膜式生物滤器内不同位置间微生物群落结构多样性的差异,采集已运行46 d的挂膜式生物滤器内挂膜上部外侧和内侧、下部内侧和外侧及收集盘5个不同位置的微生物,采用分子生物学手段,通过16S r RNA基因高通量测序法对生物滤器内微生物进行多样性分析,并对不同位置间功能性微生物进行对比。结果显示,在门水平上,5个不同位置共鉴定出10个主要类群,其中,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)所占丰度比例较大,为主要优势类群,硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)在挂膜内外两侧检出比例均较高(平均4.3%),收集盘内则较低(0.33%),存在显著性差异。共鉴定出41种优势属,其中地杆菌属(Pedobacter)为绝对优势种属,短小盒菌属(Parvularcula)为次优势属,二者丰度比例均在10%以上,硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)为第三优势属,挂膜不同位置丰度比例(平均4.31%)显著高于收集盘内比例(0.28%)。挂膜上氨氧化细菌(AOB)平均丰度比例为1.70%,硝化细菌(NOB)平均比例为6.99%,是系统中主要去除氨氮和亚硝酸氮的微生物。生物滤器各部位微生物物种多样性丰富,微生态系统稳定,可有效维持循环水系统的水质。生物滤器硝化作用主要在上部进行,下部净化能力较弱,收集盘内基本没有硝化能力。生产中应合理配置挂膜数量,科学设计挂膜长度以提高生物滤器的净化效率。

太平洋白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)β-N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶在二甲亚砜溶液中的失活动力学(英文)

应用动力学方法研究了太平洋白对虾(Penaeusvannamei)β-N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶在二甲亚砜溶液中以pNP-β-D-GlcNAc为底物时酶活力的变化规律.表明酶在DMSO浓度低于4.20mol/L,酶的失活过程是可逆的,DMSO并不造成酶绝对量的减少,仅对酶的活力发生可逆的下降.测得DMSO对酶抑制的IC50为1.2mol/L.观测了在不同底物浓度下NAGase在0、0.35、0.70、1.05、1.40、1.75mol/L的DMSO溶液中的失活过程,分别测定了游离酶(E)和酶-底物络合物(ES)的微观失活速度常数k+0和k′+0比较结果(k+0值远远大于k′+0)表明,在DMSO溶液中游离酶比酶-底物络合物更易失活,即底物的存在对于酶被DMSO的失活具有明显的保护作用.随着DMSO浓度的增加,游离酶的逆向微观复活速度常数k-0却不断降低,说明在高浓度DMSO环境中,NAGase可逆恢复的能力逐渐微弱.

Effects of Rare Earths and Its Complex with Extract from Seaweed (Laminaria japonica) on Growth and Immunization of Penaeid Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

The effects of rare earths (RE) and its complex with extract from seaweed (Lamiaria japonica) on the growth and immunization of penaeid shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) were investigated. The results show that the survival rate, body length and weight of the shrimp treated by RE and its complex with extract from seaweed are higher than those of the control, and that the activities of the phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (LSZ), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the shrimp treated by RE and the complex are also much higher than those from the control.

白斑综合症杆状病毒在养殖万氏对虾(Penaeus vannamei)中暴发流行和人工感染研究

白斑综合症杆状病毒(White spot syndrome baculovirus,WSBV)对万氏对虾有较强的致病力,在病虾被感染的2～3d内,就可以使万氏对虾死亡率达83.3%～90%.WSBV对万氏对虾的鳃上皮细胞、甲壳下表皮细胞、胃上皮组织细胞、肌细胞、结缔组织细胞和中肠基底膜下肌细胞以及结缔组织细胞敏感.在细胞质中的完整杆状病毒粒子大小为(129～164)nm×(365～412)nm,在细胞核中的完整杆状病毒粒子大小约为(135～176)nm×(429～480)nm.万氏对虾对WSBV没有明显的抗病性,60d养殖死亡率达90%.

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术研究

采用水体中设置生物膜净水栅对比实验的方法,在6口土池开展生物膜原位修复技术对土池半咸水养殖凡纳滨对虾的节能减排、养殖效益及机理的研究。结果表明,在135d的养殖期间,处理组水质的pH、TAN、NO2-N、无机氮和无机磷浓度分别显著低于对照组7.5%、78.8%、76.2%、53.2%和66.1%(P<0.05),DO浓度极显著高于对照组13.5%(P<0.01);弧菌数极显著低于对照组66%(P<0.01),细菌总数、硅藻相对密度、藻类生物多样性指数分别极显著高于对照组206%、173%、25.6%(P<0.01),藻类密度、蓝藻相对密度分别显著低于对照组64.7%、70%(P<0.05);生物膜上的细菌总数高达5.8×109 CFU/g,而弧菌数为零;虾养殖成活率、虾起捕规格、虾产量分别极显著高于对照组62.5%、53.9%、150%(P<0.01),饲料系数极显著低于对照组26.8%(P<0.01),处理组每公顷池塘养虾增加利润约22.1万元。池塘生物膜低碳养殖技术具有成本低、节能减排、增产增收、操作简便与易推广等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。

2种不同碳酸盐碱度养殖的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肌肉营养组成及游离氨基酸组成分析

为探究2种不同碳酸盐碱度养殖的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肌肉中基本营养成分和游离氨基酸组成的变化,将凡纳滨对虾饲养在碳酸盐碱度3 mmol·L^(-1)(LSW组)和10 mmol·L^(-1)(HSW组)水体中,饲养周期为42 d,检测2组凡纳滨对虾肌肉基本营养成分和游离氨基酸组成。结果显示:不同碳酸盐碱度对凡纳滨对虾肌肉中基本营养成分无显著影响(P>0.05),但对肌肉中游离氨基酸含量和组成有较大的影响。2组凡纳滨对虾肌肉中均检测到18种常见游离氨基酸,其中,甘氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸含量最高。高碳酸盐碱度(10 mmol·L^(-1))显著增加了肌肉中必需氨基酸含量(从2.426μg·g^(-1)上升到11.322μg·g^(-1))和其在游离氨基酸总量中的百分比(从9.91%上升到28.56%,P<0.05);非必需氨基酸含量显著增加(从15.646μg·g^(-1)上升到19.486μg·g^(-1)),但其在游离氨基酸总量中的百分比显著降低(从63.90%下降到49.15%),高碳酸盐碱度(10 mmol·L^(-1))显著提高了凡纳滨对虾肌肉中6种呈味氨基酸含量(从9.927μg·g^(-1)上升到17.017μg·g^(-1)),但其在游离氨基酸总量中的百分比比较恒定,仅从40.75%提高到42.92%。值得注意的是,LSW组的呈甘味氨基酸(甘氨酸和丙氨酸)含量占游离氨基酸总量和6种呈味氨基酸总量的百分比分别是37.16%和91.18%,而HSW组的对应值分别是31.12%和72.51%;可见高比例甘味氨基酸是凡纳滨对虾甘甜味的主要来源。高碳酸盐碱度(10 mmol·L^(-1))显著降低了甘味氨基酸在游离氨基酸总量中的百分比(P<0.05),也降低了凡纳滨对虾肌肉游离氨基酸的F值(从2.085下降到1.351)。研究结果为探索养殖碳酸盐碱度对凡纳滨对虾营养与品质特性的影响规律奠定了基础,丰富了盐碱水养殖凡纳滨对虾的营养和品质研究内容,有利于推动凡纳滨对虾盐碱水养殖业的健康发展。

醋酸酐对太平洋白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)β-N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的抑制动力学(英文)

β-N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶与太平洋白对虾的食物消化吸收、蜕壳生长有着密切关系.海水里存在的有机污染物将影响酶生理功能,从而进一步影响虾的正常蜕壳,严重将导致对虾的死亡.醋酸酐是常用的有机溶剂,故本文应用动力学方法研究醋酸酐对太平洋白对虾β-N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶催化pNP-NAG水解时酶活力的变化规律.表明在醋酸酐浓度低于20.0mmol/L,酶的抑制作用是可逆的,测得醋酸酐对酶抑制的IC50为9.0mmol/L.用双倒数作图法测定醋酸酐与游离酶(E)和酶-底物络合物(ES)的结合平衡常数.结果显示,醋酸酐是酶的非竞争性抑制剂.用底物反应动力学方法观测在不同底物浓度下酶在0.0、3.0、6.0、9.0、12.0mmol/L的醋酸酐溶液中的失活过程,分别测定了酶的微观失活速度常数k+0及复活速度常数k-0,结果表明醋酸酐对酶的影响是快速结合再缓慢失活的过程.比较微观失活速度常数k+0及复活速度常数k-0,结果显示,在高浓度的醋酸酐溶液中,酶将完全失活.

有机和常规养殖条件下南美白对虾Penaeus vannamei产品质量比较研究

对有机和常规养殖条件下南美白对虾的肌肉营养成分、矿物质元素、重金属和药残含量进行了比较分析。有机养殖条件下南美白对虾的水分、粗灰分和粗蛋白含量和常规养殖条件下无显著差异(P>0.05);粗脂肪含量显著低于常规养殖条件下(P<0.05);钙、磷元素含量显著高于常规养殖条件下(P<0.05);在重金属和药残含量方面,常规养殖条件下南美白对虾除呋喃唑酮超标外,其余均符合无公害食品标准,但有机养殖条件下重金属和药残含量更低。结果表明,从产品卫生安全性角度考虑,有机养殖条件下的南美白对虾对人体更健康无害。

Effects of Dietary Vitamin D_(3)on Growth Performance,Immune Status,and Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Litopenaeus vannamei Under Different Salinity Conditions

Vitamin D_(3)(VD_(3)) plays a vital role in various physiological processes in addition to its role in regulating the homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus.The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary VD_(3) on growth performance,immune status and the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in Litopenaeus vannamei under the optimal salinity(25)and high salinity(35)conditions.Shrimp(2.1 g±0.1 g)were fed with experimental diets containing 0,1500,6000 and 12000IUkg^(−1)VD_(3) for 30 days under two salinity conditions respectively.The results showed that the growth performance and intestinal health were reduced,while oxidative stress was induced in the shrimp cultured at salinity 35 compared to those in the shrimp cultured at salinity 25.Interestingly,dietary supplementation of 1500 IU kg^(−1)VD_(3) at salinity 35 promoted the growth performance,improved the intestinal health,and enhanced the antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity in shrimp.In addition,the content of inorganic phosphorus in shrimp serum was affected by dietary VD_(3) independent of salinity.In contrast,the expressions of calcium transport-related genes,including calmodulin and Ca2+-ATPase,were regulated by salinity,instead of dietary VD_(3).In conclusion,an appropriate supplementation of dietary VD_(3) under high-salt condition can promote the growth,alleviate intestinal inflammation,enhance antioxidant capacity and immunity,and contribute to phosphorus metabolism in L.vannamei.

烹饪方式对凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)脂质及挥发性物质的影响

为探究风味差异的形成机制,以凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,研究蒸制和微波加热2种烹饪方式对脂质组成、脂质氧化水解程度及挥发性物质的影响。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾在烹饪后总脂和脂质组成(磷脂、甘油三脂及游离脂肪酸)含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。蒸制和微波加热的对虾,其脂质组成也有所差别,与蒸制相比,微波加热虾肉中的磷脂含量偏高,而游离脂肪酸含量偏低。鲜虾烹饪后饱和脂肪酸含量显著下降,不饱和脂肪酸含量显著上升(P<0.05),可能与磷脂的水解有关。蒸制和微波加热加速了脂质的氧化水解,酸价和硫代巴比妥酸反应物值均显著升高(P<0.05)。电子鼻分析结果显示鲜虾、蒸制和微波加热虾肉的气味特征有明显不同,且微波加热气味变化更大。采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱从虾肉中分离鉴定出25种挥发性物质,其中2,3-戊二酮、2-丁酮、2-甲基丁醛、己醛、1-辛烯-3-酮和戊醛等是熟虾肉主要的风味物质,且在微波加热的样品中含量更高。Pearson相关性分析结果表明,脂质的氧化水解对风味形成有重要贡献,游离脂肪酸中的C_(14:0)、C_(15:0)、C_(16:1)、C_(18:1n9c)、C_(18:2n6c)、C_(18:3n3)与虾肉特征气味形成密切相关。

凡纳对虾 (Penaeus vannamei Boone) 高产养殖试验

1999—2001 年 3 a 的高产试验结果显示，在符合一定条件的虾塘中和恰当的管理下，在广西沿海进行凡纳对虾（Penaeus vannamei Boone）的集约化养殖是可行的。在平均放苗密度约 74 尾／m2 时，凡纳对虾的平均单位产量可达到 7 224.35 kg／hm2。在一定的放苗密度范围（27～81 尾／m2）和养殖期限(99～139 d) 内，对虾单产与放苗密度和养殖天数正相关。蛋白质水平为 35 % 的配合饲料可以满足集约化养殖的凡纳对虾的需要。

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)工厂化养殖系统微藻的群落特征分析

2015年6–9月期间,对青岛市宝荣水产科技有限公司凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)工厂化养殖车间的6个实验池进行采样调查,分析了水体中微藻的种类组成、丰度、多样性和优势种演替特征,并结合养殖情况进行了讨论。共检出微藻5门28属49种(其中优势种14种),丰度范围为5.2×10~5–9.4×10~8 cell/L,生物量范围为1.23–208.00 mg/L,多样性指数范围为0.42–2.44。多样性指数低于0.9时,生态系统稳定性差,对虾易发病。不同养殖阶段微藻优势种种类不同,前期主要是绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、硅藻门(Bacillarionphyta)和部分甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)的种类,中、后期以蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)的微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)和颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)为主。对虾养殖密度显著影响微藻优势种演替,300 ind/m^2养殖密度(A1池)藻相稳定且以绿藻和硅藻为优势种,对虾生长良好;400–500 ind/m^2养殖密度(B1、C1和C2池)颤藻在中、后期演替成为绝对优势种,对虾易发病死亡。本研究为优化对虾工厂化养殖环境、指导养殖生产提供参考。