Summary: The bile was collected from fro patients with biliary infections, with the bacterium isolated to study the sensitivity of each kind of the bacterium to several antibiotics in common use. Except G-bacterium, w...Summary: The bile was collected from fro patients with biliary infections, with the bacterium isolated to study the sensitivity of each kind of the bacterium to several antibiotics in common use. Except G-bacterium, we also found some kinds of G+ bacterium in infection bile. G-bacterium were not sensitive to Clindamycin, G+ bacterium were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to Ampicillin. G+ bacterium were not sensitive to Azactam. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter cloacae were not sensitive to Ceftazidime. Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus coagulase negative, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not sensitive to Ceftriaxone Sodium. We didn't found any bacterium resistance Imipenem. The possibility of the existence of G+ bacterium as well as drug resistance should be considered n patients with biliary infections. The value of susceptibility test should be respected to avoid drug abuse of antibiotics.展开更多
Background: We aim to determine the proportions and patterns of resistance to first-line drugs: isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E) and streptomycin (S) among pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: Strain...Background: We aim to determine the proportions and patterns of resistance to first-line drugs: isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E) and streptomycin (S) among pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: Strains were obtained from 1584 culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. All specimens were inoculated into L?wenstein-Jensen media (LJ) and TK selective;drug susceptibility tests (DST) were performed for first-line drugs. Results: Multidrug resistant (MDR) were detected in 146 (9.2%) isolates. Three hundred (18.9%) isolates were resistant to H;220 (13.9%) to R;168 (10.6%) to S;137 (8.6%) to E. Any drug resistance was detected in 442 (27.9%) isolates. MDR rate was higher in male patients than females (P = 0.006). MDR rates were different according to the age groups (P = 0.02). The highest rate was in 35 - 44 years and the lowest rate was in 15 - 24 years. Conclusions: We found an association between middle age and male gender and MDR tuberculosis.展开更多
Background:The uroculturome indicates the profile of culturable microbes inhabiting the urinary tract,and it is often required to do a urine culture to find an effective antimicrobial to treat urinary tract infections...Background:The uroculturome indicates the profile of culturable microbes inhabiting the urinary tract,and it is often required to do a urine culture to find an effective antimicrobial to treat urinary tract infections(UTIs).Methods:This study targeted to understand the profile of culturable pathogens in the urine of apparently healthy(128)and humans with clinical UTIs(161)and their antimicrobial susceptibility.All the urine samples were analyzed to quantify microbial load and determine the diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of microbes following standard microbiological methods.Results:In urine samples from UTI cases,microbial counts were 1.2×10^(4)±6.02×10^(3) colony-forming units(cfu)/mL,while in urine samples from apparently healthy humans,the average count was 3.33±1.34×10^(3) cfu/mL.In eight samples(six from UTI cases and two from apparently healthy people,Candida(C.albicans 3,C.catenulata 1,C.krusei 1,C.tropicalis 1,C.parapsiplosis 1,C.gulliermondii 1)and Rhizopus species(1)were detected.Candida krusei was detected only in a single urine sample from a healthy person and C.albicans was detected both in urine of healthy and clinical UTI cases.Gram-positive(G+ve)bacteria were more commonly(Odds ratio,1.98;CI99,1.01-3.87)detected in urine samples of apparently healthy humans,and Gram-negative(G−ve)bacteria(Odds ratio,2.74;CI99,1.44-5.23)in urines of UTI cases.From urine samples of 161 UTI cases,a total of 90 different types of microbes were detected and,73 samples had only a single type of bacteria.In contrast,49,29,3,4,1,and 2 samples had 2,3,4,5,6 and 7 types of bacteria,respectively.The most common bacteria detected in urine of UTI cases was Escherichia coli(52 samples),in 20 cases as the single type of bacteria,other 34 types of bacteria were detected in pure form in 53 cases.From 128 urine samples of apparently healthy people,88 types of microbes were detected either singly or in association with others,from 64 urine samples only a single type of bacteria was detected while 34,13,3,11,2 and 1 sample yielded 2,3,4,5,6 and seven types of microbes,respectively.In the urine of apparently healthy humans too,E.coli was the most common bacteria,(10 samples)followed by Staphylococcus haemolyticus(9),S.intermedius(5),and S.aureus(5),and similar types of bacteria also dominated in cases of mixed occurrence,E.coli was detected in 26,S.aureus in 22 and S.haemolyticus in 19 urine samples,respectively.G+ve bacteria isolated from urine samples’irrespective of health status were more often(P<0.01)resistant than G−ve bacteria to ajowan oil,holy basil oil,cinnamaldehyde,and cinnamon oil,but more susceptible to sandalwood oil(P<0.01).However,for antibiotics,G+ve were more often susceptible than G−ve bacteria to cephalosporins,doxycycline,and nitrofurantoin.Conclusion:The study concludes that to understand the role of good and bad bacteria in the urinary tract microbiome more targeted studies are needed to discern the isolates at the pathotype level.Further,the study suggests the use of antibiotics by observing good antibiotic stewardship following antibiotic susceptibility testing only.展开更多
Antimicrobial use in agriculture, livestock and human health has increased over the years leading to the increase in antimicrobial resistance that can also find its way to the aquatic environment. Rivers can act as re...Antimicrobial use in agriculture, livestock and human health has increased over the years leading to the increase in antimicrobial resistance that can also find its way to the aquatic environment. Rivers can act as reservoirs of highly resistant strains and facilitate the dissemination of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains to animals and humans using water. A total of 318 water samples were collected from six different sampling points along Athi River and E. coli isolates were subjected to Kirby-Bauer diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The total mean coliform count of the sampled sites was 2.7 × 104 (cfu/mL). E. coli isolates were most resistant to ampicillin (63.8%) and most susceptible to gentamicin (99.4%). MDR strains (resistance to ≥3 classes of antibiotics) accounted for 65.4% of all the isolates. The site recorded to have human industrial and agricultural zone activities had strains that were significantly more resistant to ampicillin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (P ≤ 0.05) than isolates from the section of the river traversing virgin land and land with minimum human activities. This study indicates that E. coli strains isolated from Athi River were highly MDR and most resistant to some antimicrobial classes (ampicillin and cefoxitin) which constitute a potential risk to human and animal health.展开更多
为调查河北地区鸡源沙门菌及其血清型的流行及分布情况,并分析其的致病性,本研究于2018年~2021年在河北省7个地区34个养鸡场共收集631份发病鸡肛拭子和62份病料样品共计693份,分别接种普通琼脂培养基分离细菌并纯化后经革兰氏染色镜检;...为调查河北地区鸡源沙门菌及其血清型的流行及分布情况,并分析其的致病性,本研究于2018年~2021年在河北省7个地区34个养鸡场共收集631份发病鸡肛拭子和62份病料样品共计693份,分别接种普通琼脂培养基分离细菌并纯化后经革兰氏染色镜检;将分离菌分别接种不同的培养基培养,并对分离菌经生化及16S r RNA基因的PCR及测序鉴定,随机选择32条测序序列经NCBI的BLAST比对,并采用DNAStar软件分析该基因的同源性。采用玻片凝集法鉴定分离菌的血清群及血清型并统计各血清群与血清型在河北不同地区的分布。结果显示,从693份病料样品中共分离到238株沙门菌,除3株未定群外,其余分离菌分属于A、B、C、D、E、F 6个血清群,其中D群最多达69.7%(166/238);238株沙门菌分属于7个不同的血清型和未定型,依次为鸡白痢沙门菌(91/38.2%)、甲型副伤寒沙门菌(43/18.0%)、鸡伤寒沙门菌(40/16.8%)、肠炎沙门菌(39/16.4%)等。血清群与血清型分布的统计结果显示,除张家口地区流行A群血清群外,其余地区流行的血清群均为D群;张家口地区流行鸡白痢沙门菌;秦皇岛地区有14种血清型,其中甲型副伤寒沙门菌为其流行血清型;石家庄、承德、唐山流行的均为鸡白痢沙门菌,邢台及保定地区分别流行肠炎沙门菌与鸡伤寒沙门菌。通过K-B药敏纸片法检测238株分离菌对7类共22种药物的敏感性;采用PCR检测分离菌的相关耐药基因并采用SPSS26.0软件中的Fisher确切概率法分析分离菌耐药表型与耐药基因之间的相关性。选取12株不同血清型的分离菌以0.2 m L/只(3×108cfu/mL)感染雏鸡,分析各分离菌对雏鸡的致病性。药敏试验结果显示,对苯唑西林、红霉素、青霉素、甲氧苄啶、氨苄西林、四环素耐药的菌株分别占97.5(232/238)、89.1%(212/238)、78.6%(187/238)、74.8%(178/238)、74.4%(177/238)、64.3%(153/238),对其它药物耐药的菌株均在32%以下,但均对头孢类药物敏感;且分离菌多呈多重耐药性(58.4%,139/238),耐6重药物的菌株(32.8%,78/238)与耐5重药物的菌株(11.8%,28/238)最多。耐药基因检测结果显示,对β-内酰胺类、磺胺类、大环内酯类、四环素类、氨基糖苷类药物的耐药基因tem、erm(B)a、tetA、strA-B的检出率分别为100%(238/238)、75.2%(178/238)、71%(169/238)、65.6%(156/238)及31.9%(76/238)。未检测到喹诺酮类和醛胺醇类耐药基因。经分析,氨基糖苷类、四环素类、磺胺类、β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类药物的耐药表型与其耐药基因的符合率分别为94.7%、98.1%、99.4%、97.5%、79.9%,相关性均较强。致病性试验结果显示,12株分离菌均能致感染鸡出现不同的临床症状及肝脏和肠道的剖检病变,且能对鸡造成不同程度的死亡,其中以致鸡死亡10只(100%)、7只(87%)为主,并从死亡鸡的肝脏再次分离到相应细菌。上述结果表明,本研究从河北不同地区分离的238株沙门菌血清群与血清型众多,大多数沙门菌的耐药性较强且多呈多重耐药性,其携带的5类药物的耐药基因与其相对应的耐药表型均呈较强的相关性,且分离菌对雏鸡呈不同的致病性。本研究为河北地区鸡源沙门菌的流行病学调查及其感染的防治提供参考依据。展开更多
文摘Summary: The bile was collected from fro patients with biliary infections, with the bacterium isolated to study the sensitivity of each kind of the bacterium to several antibiotics in common use. Except G-bacterium, we also found some kinds of G+ bacterium in infection bile. G-bacterium were not sensitive to Clindamycin, G+ bacterium were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to Ampicillin. G+ bacterium were not sensitive to Azactam. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterobacter cloacae were not sensitive to Ceftazidime. Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus coagulase negative, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not sensitive to Ceftriaxone Sodium. We didn't found any bacterium resistance Imipenem. The possibility of the existence of G+ bacterium as well as drug resistance should be considered n patients with biliary infections. The value of susceptibility test should be respected to avoid drug abuse of antibiotics.
文摘Background: We aim to determine the proportions and patterns of resistance to first-line drugs: isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E) and streptomycin (S) among pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: Strains were obtained from 1584 culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. All specimens were inoculated into L?wenstein-Jensen media (LJ) and TK selective;drug susceptibility tests (DST) were performed for first-line drugs. Results: Multidrug resistant (MDR) were detected in 146 (9.2%) isolates. Three hundred (18.9%) isolates were resistant to H;220 (13.9%) to R;168 (10.6%) to S;137 (8.6%) to E. Any drug resistance was detected in 442 (27.9%) isolates. MDR rate was higher in male patients than females (P = 0.006). MDR rates were different according to the age groups (P = 0.02). The highest rate was in 35 - 44 years and the lowest rate was in 15 - 24 years. Conclusions: We found an association between middle age and male gender and MDR tuberculosis.
基金supported by grants received from CAAST-ACLH(NAHEP/CAAST/2018-19)of ICAR-World Bank-funded National Agricultural Higher Education Project(NAHEP).
文摘Background:The uroculturome indicates the profile of culturable microbes inhabiting the urinary tract,and it is often required to do a urine culture to find an effective antimicrobial to treat urinary tract infections(UTIs).Methods:This study targeted to understand the profile of culturable pathogens in the urine of apparently healthy(128)and humans with clinical UTIs(161)and their antimicrobial susceptibility.All the urine samples were analyzed to quantify microbial load and determine the diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of microbes following standard microbiological methods.Results:In urine samples from UTI cases,microbial counts were 1.2×10^(4)±6.02×10^(3) colony-forming units(cfu)/mL,while in urine samples from apparently healthy humans,the average count was 3.33±1.34×10^(3) cfu/mL.In eight samples(six from UTI cases and two from apparently healthy people,Candida(C.albicans 3,C.catenulata 1,C.krusei 1,C.tropicalis 1,C.parapsiplosis 1,C.gulliermondii 1)and Rhizopus species(1)were detected.Candida krusei was detected only in a single urine sample from a healthy person and C.albicans was detected both in urine of healthy and clinical UTI cases.Gram-positive(G+ve)bacteria were more commonly(Odds ratio,1.98;CI99,1.01-3.87)detected in urine samples of apparently healthy humans,and Gram-negative(G−ve)bacteria(Odds ratio,2.74;CI99,1.44-5.23)in urines of UTI cases.From urine samples of 161 UTI cases,a total of 90 different types of microbes were detected and,73 samples had only a single type of bacteria.In contrast,49,29,3,4,1,and 2 samples had 2,3,4,5,6 and 7 types of bacteria,respectively.The most common bacteria detected in urine of UTI cases was Escherichia coli(52 samples),in 20 cases as the single type of bacteria,other 34 types of bacteria were detected in pure form in 53 cases.From 128 urine samples of apparently healthy people,88 types of microbes were detected either singly or in association with others,from 64 urine samples only a single type of bacteria was detected while 34,13,3,11,2 and 1 sample yielded 2,3,4,5,6 and seven types of microbes,respectively.In the urine of apparently healthy humans too,E.coli was the most common bacteria,(10 samples)followed by Staphylococcus haemolyticus(9),S.intermedius(5),and S.aureus(5),and similar types of bacteria also dominated in cases of mixed occurrence,E.coli was detected in 26,S.aureus in 22 and S.haemolyticus in 19 urine samples,respectively.G+ve bacteria isolated from urine samples’irrespective of health status were more often(P<0.01)resistant than G−ve bacteria to ajowan oil,holy basil oil,cinnamaldehyde,and cinnamon oil,but more susceptible to sandalwood oil(P<0.01).However,for antibiotics,G+ve were more often susceptible than G−ve bacteria to cephalosporins,doxycycline,and nitrofurantoin.Conclusion:The study concludes that to understand the role of good and bad bacteria in the urinary tract microbiome more targeted studies are needed to discern the isolates at the pathotype level.Further,the study suggests the use of antibiotics by observing good antibiotic stewardship following antibiotic susceptibility testing only.
文摘Antimicrobial use in agriculture, livestock and human health has increased over the years leading to the increase in antimicrobial resistance that can also find its way to the aquatic environment. Rivers can act as reservoirs of highly resistant strains and facilitate the dissemination of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains to animals and humans using water. A total of 318 water samples were collected from six different sampling points along Athi River and E. coli isolates were subjected to Kirby-Bauer diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The total mean coliform count of the sampled sites was 2.7 × 104 (cfu/mL). E. coli isolates were most resistant to ampicillin (63.8%) and most susceptible to gentamicin (99.4%). MDR strains (resistance to ≥3 classes of antibiotics) accounted for 65.4% of all the isolates. The site recorded to have human industrial and agricultural zone activities had strains that were significantly more resistant to ampicillin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (P ≤ 0.05) than isolates from the section of the river traversing virgin land and land with minimum human activities. This study indicates that E. coli strains isolated from Athi River were highly MDR and most resistant to some antimicrobial classes (ampicillin and cefoxitin) which constitute a potential risk to human and animal health.
文摘为调查河北地区鸡源沙门菌及其血清型的流行及分布情况,并分析其的致病性,本研究于2018年~2021年在河北省7个地区34个养鸡场共收集631份发病鸡肛拭子和62份病料样品共计693份,分别接种普通琼脂培养基分离细菌并纯化后经革兰氏染色镜检;将分离菌分别接种不同的培养基培养,并对分离菌经生化及16S r RNA基因的PCR及测序鉴定,随机选择32条测序序列经NCBI的BLAST比对,并采用DNAStar软件分析该基因的同源性。采用玻片凝集法鉴定分离菌的血清群及血清型并统计各血清群与血清型在河北不同地区的分布。结果显示,从693份病料样品中共分离到238株沙门菌,除3株未定群外,其余分离菌分属于A、B、C、D、E、F 6个血清群,其中D群最多达69.7%(166/238);238株沙门菌分属于7个不同的血清型和未定型,依次为鸡白痢沙门菌(91/38.2%)、甲型副伤寒沙门菌(43/18.0%)、鸡伤寒沙门菌(40/16.8%)、肠炎沙门菌(39/16.4%)等。血清群与血清型分布的统计结果显示,除张家口地区流行A群血清群外,其余地区流行的血清群均为D群;张家口地区流行鸡白痢沙门菌;秦皇岛地区有14种血清型,其中甲型副伤寒沙门菌为其流行血清型;石家庄、承德、唐山流行的均为鸡白痢沙门菌,邢台及保定地区分别流行肠炎沙门菌与鸡伤寒沙门菌。通过K-B药敏纸片法检测238株分离菌对7类共22种药物的敏感性;采用PCR检测分离菌的相关耐药基因并采用SPSS26.0软件中的Fisher确切概率法分析分离菌耐药表型与耐药基因之间的相关性。选取12株不同血清型的分离菌以0.2 m L/只(3×108cfu/mL)感染雏鸡,分析各分离菌对雏鸡的致病性。药敏试验结果显示,对苯唑西林、红霉素、青霉素、甲氧苄啶、氨苄西林、四环素耐药的菌株分别占97.5(232/238)、89.1%(212/238)、78.6%(187/238)、74.8%(178/238)、74.4%(177/238)、64.3%(153/238),对其它药物耐药的菌株均在32%以下,但均对头孢类药物敏感;且分离菌多呈多重耐药性(58.4%,139/238),耐6重药物的菌株(32.8%,78/238)与耐5重药物的菌株(11.8%,28/238)最多。耐药基因检测结果显示,对β-内酰胺类、磺胺类、大环内酯类、四环素类、氨基糖苷类药物的耐药基因tem、erm(B)a、tetA、strA-B的检出率分别为100%(238/238)、75.2%(178/238)、71%(169/238)、65.6%(156/238)及31.9%(76/238)。未检测到喹诺酮类和醛胺醇类耐药基因。经分析,氨基糖苷类、四环素类、磺胺类、β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类药物的耐药表型与其耐药基因的符合率分别为94.7%、98.1%、99.4%、97.5%、79.9%,相关性均较强。致病性试验结果显示,12株分离菌均能致感染鸡出现不同的临床症状及肝脏和肠道的剖检病变,且能对鸡造成不同程度的死亡,其中以致鸡死亡10只(100%)、7只(87%)为主,并从死亡鸡的肝脏再次分离到相应细菌。上述结果表明,本研究从河北不同地区分离的238株沙门菌血清群与血清型众多,大多数沙门菌的耐药性较强且多呈多重耐药性,其携带的5类药物的耐药基因与其相对应的耐药表型均呈较强的相关性,且分离菌对雏鸡呈不同的致病性。本研究为河北地区鸡源沙门菌的流行病学调查及其感染的防治提供参考依据。
