Optimization of ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenolic content from Peperomia pellucida (L) kunth using response surface methodology

Objective: To optimize the ionic liquid based microwave-assisted extraction (IL-MAE) of polyphenolic content from Peperomia pellucida (L) Kunth. Methods: The IL-MAE factors as experimental design parameters, including microwave power, extraction time, ionic liquid concentration, and liquid–solid ratio had been involved. Response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design were used to obtain predictive model (multivariate quadratic regression equation) and optimization of the extraction process. The response surface was analyzed by using the yields of total polyphenolic content as response value. Results: Based on the obtained results the optimum extraction condition, including microwave power of 30% Watts, extraction time of 18.5 min, the ionic liquid concen-tration of 0.79 mol/L, and the liquid–solid ratio of 10.72 mL/g 1-Buthyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) as a solvent was selected. The regression model was obtained to predicts the yields from Peperomia pellucida:Y = 30.250 – 1.356X1 + 2.655X2 + 2.252X3 – 0.565X4 + 0.990 X1X3 – 8.172 X1X4 – 3.439 X3X4 – 4.178 X12 – 3.210 X32 – 6.786 X42 – 7.290 X12X3 + 5.575 X1X32 – 4.843 X32X4 with R2 = 0.82519. Scale-up confirmation test was obtained the maximum yields of total polyphenolics content with the amount of 31.1725μg GAE/g. Conclusions: The IL-MAE method produced a higher extraction polyphenolic and performed rapidly, easily and efficiently.

A new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor from Peperomia pellucida(L.) Kunth

Objective:To isolate,identify,and evaluate a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor from Peperomia pellucida(L.)Kunth herbs.Methods:A dried sample of Peperomia pellucida herb was successively macerated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate.The ethyl acetate extract solution was evaporated to obtain the crude extract.Vacuum liquid column chromatography and thin layer chromatography were performed to obtain two pure compounds.Then,both compounds were elucidated and identified using the spectroscopic method.Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity studies of both compounds were determined using angiotensin-converting enzyme kit WST-1 with spectrophotometer microplate reader 96-well at 450 nm wavelength.Results:Two bioactive compounds were successfully isolated from Peperomia pellucida herb,including a new compound of 2,3,5-trimethoxy-9-(12,14,15-trimethoxybenzyl)-1 H-indene and pellucidin A.Both compounds demonstrated angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity,with IC50 values of 72 μM(27.95 μg/mL)and 1 1μM(4.4 μg/mL),respectively.Conclusions:In the present study,two active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were successfully isolated and purified from Peperomia pellucida which is used as an antihypertensive in traditional medicine,and support its use as an angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibiting drug.

Peperomia pellucida(L.) Kunth and eye diseases: A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology

Peperomia pellucida(L.) Kunth is a medicinal plant used to manage inflammatory illnesses such as conjunctivitis, and gastrointestinal and respiratory tract disorders in tropical and subtropical regions.However, little is known about its pharmacological mechanism of action against eye diseases. This review aims to critically discuss the phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of P. pellucida as well as its roles in the treatment of cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Recent developments in the uses of P. pellucida for healthcare and nutraceutical products by the pharmaceutical industry are also covered in this review. For this review, a literature search was performed with PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder Scholar and Scopus databases, using relevant keywords. Among the various phytochemicals identified from P. pellucida, β-caryophyllene, carotol, dillapiole, ellagic acid, pellucidin A, phytol and vitexin exhibit strong pharmacological activities within the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways in inflammatory eye diseases. The antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,antihyperglycemic and anti-angiogenic activities displayed by P. pellucida extracts in many in vitro,in vivo and clinical studies suggest its potential role in the management of inflammatory eye diseases.P. pellucida extract was non-toxic against normal cell lines but displayed mild toxicity in animal models.The growing public interest in P. pellucida has inspired the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries to process the plant into health products. Although the potential pharmacological mechanisms against eye diseases have been summarized, further studies of the interactions among constituent phytochemicals from P. pellucida within various signalling pathways shall support the use of the plant as an alternative therapeutic source.

Preventive effect of Peperomia pellucida(L.) Kunth herbs on ovariectomyinduced osteoporotic rats

Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disorder leading to bone fracture which adversely impacts the quality of life. In the present, we aimed to investigate the effect of Peperomia pellucida(L.) Kunth herb juice and ethanolic extract on ovariectomy(OVX)-induced osteoporotic rat model. Osteoporosis was induced by OVX with a double dorsolateral approach on female Wistar rats. Female Wistar rats undergoing sham surgeries(sham-control group) served as controls. The ovariectomized rats were divided into six groups based on administered treatments,(i) CMC Na 0.3%(OVX-control group),(ii) standard drug(ethynil estradiol 4.5 μg/kg),(iii) P. pellucida juice at dose of 50 mg/kg, and(iv) 100 mg/kg,(v) P. pellucida ethanolic extract at dose of 50 mg/kg, and(vi) 100 mg/kg. Treatments were started 1 week after the surgeries and lasted for 6 weeks. Rats treated with 100 mg/kg P. pellucida ethanol extract had significantly decreased serum ALP level and reduced excretion of urine calcium compared with the OVX-control group(P<0.05). These levels were not significantly altered when compared with the sham-control group(P<0.05). Furthermore, 100 mg/kg ethanolic extract-treated group showed improvement on three-dimensional image of the trabecular bone compared with the OVX-control group. Trabecular cavity formation in 100 mg/kg ethanolic extract-treated group was minimal. Ethanolic extract of Peperomia pellucida(L.) Kunth herbs at a dose of 100 mg/kg had preventive effect on OVX-induced osteoporotic rats.

外来入侵植物草胡椒在我国的潜分布范围预测

基于12种环境因子和草胡椒(Peperomia pellucida)在全球649个地理分布记录,应用MaxEnt模型和ArcGis 9.3软件,定量地预测我国新外来入侵植物草胡椒在我国的潜在分布区域和风险等级.结果表明:通过接受者操作特征(receiver operating characteristics,ROC)曲线分析法的验证,训练数据和验证数据的曲线下面积(area under the ROC curve,AUC)高达0.956和0.963,表明预测效果比较好;发现最湿月份雨量、昼夜温差与年温差比值、最冷季度平均温度、最冷季度雨量、海拔等是影响草胡椒入侵风险的主要环境因素.此外,提出了入侵风险综合评估的计算方法,按草胡椒在我国34个省区的入侵风险指数,将我国分成4个区域:高危风险区(台湾、香港、澳门、广东、广西和海南),中度风险区(上海、福建和云南),低风险区(浙江、湖北、江苏、安徽、江西、西藏、湖南、四川、贵州)和非适生区(内蒙古、北京、黑龙江、吉林、天津、宁夏、山东、山西、新疆、河北、河南、甘肃、辽宁、重庆、陕西和青海).目前,草胡椒的实际分布远未达其最大潜在分布范围,因此应该重视其危害性,加强监测和综合管理.

1个与卡瓦胡椒特异的SCAR标记的获得

采用6份卡瓦胡椒材料、21份栽培胡椒和野生胡椒材料、1份不同属的草胡椒材料共计28份试验材料,在对它们进行了RAPD研究的基础上,进行了SCAR分子标记研究。设计1对卡瓦胡椒特异SCAR引物P8.1和P8.2,用这对特异引物对本次试验的28份材料进行PCR扩增,结果只有6份卡瓦胡椒材料扩增出了预期大小355bp的特异带,其它材料均无任何扩增。这说明引物P8.1和P8.2为卡瓦胡椒特异SCAR引物,这对卡瓦胡椒种质资源的鉴定有一定帮助。

上海地区发现新外来入侵种——草胡椒

草胡椒[Peperomia pellucida(L.)Kunth]原产美洲热带,是新近传入上海的外来植物。文章初步报道了草胡椒的植物学特征和生物学特性、世界上的分布范围、危害及其利用价值,旨在为预防蔓延提供基础资料。