The Religious Image of Modern China in the Perspective of Western Peregrinators

Missionaries were a major force of western peregrination to China in modern times.Confucianism,Taoism,Buddhism and various folk deities,as the main competitors of Christianity,were the two perspectives from which western peregrinators(especially missionaries)observed the religious image of China,and the two dimensions from which peregrinators described the religious image of China.Missionaries in China paid more attention to“idolatry”in Chinese Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,while peregrinators noticed more popular phenomena of folk deities and various superstitions.The heretical religion of“idolatry”and feudal superstition were the two main cognitive sources for peregrinators to construct the religious image of modern China,and jointly shaped the religious image of modern China.

The Cultural and Artistic Image of Modern China in the Perspective of Western Peregrinators

Culture and art had always been the main field of western cognition of China.Since the middle and late 18th century,as Chinese civilization was on a downward trajectory,the image of oriental civilization with a long history,prosperity,inclusiveness and harmony gradually disappeared,and“ancient”and“decline”became the main keywords to describe Chinese culture and art by western peregrinators.

The Political and Educational Image of Modern China in the Perspective of Western Peregrinators

Before the 19th century,the image of China shaped by western countries was mainly based on politics and education.China’s political and educational system in the 19th century had become a frame of reference for highlighting the superiority of western politics and education.The authoritarian and decadent politics of enslavement and politicized education that imprisoned creation was the historical base map for western peregrinators to construct the political and educational image of modern China,and the result of the transformation from the construction of“utopian image”to the construction of“ideological image”.

The Moral Image of Modern China in the Perspective of Western Peregrinators

Since modern times,the West had gradually measured the standard and image of civilization of a country or a nation from the trinity of material,spirit and morality.Peregrinators to China mostly used such words as“hypocritical”,“dirty”,“indifferent”,“selfish”,“cruel”and“insensitive”to represent the moral and spiritual image of Chinese people.Peregrinators to China in the 19th century constructed a depraved and corrupt moral image of China in a three-dimensional perspective from individual moral depravity to overall despicability of the nation.

The Social Image of Modern China in the Perspective of Western Peregrinators

Since the middle and late 18th century,as Chinese civilization entered a downward trajectory,the social image of China built by the Western society before modern times as a land of wisdom,virtue and faith with vast territory,abundant resources,prosperity and inclusive civilization had gradually collapsed.As peregrinators to China had a deeper understanding of China,the overall disappearance of urban and rural poetry and the overall decline of social groups constituted the historical base map for peregrinators to construct the social image of modern China.

The Image of North China in the Perspective of Western Peregrinators in the 19^(th) Century

With the increasing number of western peregrinators to China,the number of travellers to Beijing and the Great Wall continued to increase,forming the north China peregrination route.This paper analyzed the concrete impression of western peregrinators on Beijing and the Great Wall,and held that the structural characteristics of western peregrinators were caused by the change of trade requirements.

The Image of Southwest China in the Perspective of Modern Western Peregrinators

The paper analyzed the scenery along the Yangtze River and southwest peregrination route in the perspective of western peregrinators through relevant texts of modern western peregrinators.On the one hand,the peregrinators to China were struck by the picturesque and peculiar landscape of southwest China,and praised the Chinese art,culture and architectural images in their texts.On the other hand,these texts concealed the reality of the miserable life of Chinese people at that time.

The Body Image of Modern Chinese in the Perspective of Western Peregrinators

Since modern times, western peregrinators had described Chinese body image from the perspectives of dress and appearance, physical senses and spiritual characteristics. Dress and appearance were the most explicit symbols for western peregrinators to observe and understand the national image of China. Western peregrinators constructed a discourse system about Chinese body. Western peregrinators' conventional speech, the status quo of poor and weak country, the ideological influence of eastward transmission of western sciences, and the lack of body consciousness of Chinese people had comprehensively shaped the fatuous and pathological body image of Chinese people in the 19~(th) century.

Research on the Characteristics of Collective Impression of China in the Perspective of Modern Western Peregrinators

Since modern times,western countries had influenced the formulation of rules for travelling China through a series of gunboat diplomacy and a series of unequal treaties,and promoted the formation of three major peregrination routes,namely south China centered on Guangzhou and Shanghai,southwest China centered on the Yangtze River and Chengdu,and north China centered on Beijing and the Great Wall.Overpopulation,lack of curiosity and knowledge,difficulties in board and lodging,good onlookers,beauty of exotic scenery,and intensive farming were the common perceptions of the collective impression of China by the three types of peregrinators coming to China.These perceptions were the historical map for the west to construct the image of modern China,and had a profound influence on the formation of China’s image of “the inferior other”.

Representation of the Image of Modern China in the Perspective of the Purpose of Peregrination in China

Since the middle and late 18th century,the purpose of western peregrinators to China had been in a gradual process from geological survey,to commercial route exploration,commercial development,and then the struggle to divide power and sphere of influence.The purpose,mode,theme and narrative strategy of missionaries,scientific explorers,business travelers and pilgrims traveling in China were the main elements that affected the representation,construction and production of the image of modern China,as well as the main factors that formed the differentiation of the image of China.

The Formation of the Image of Modern China in the West from the Perspective of Travel Guides

Since the Middle Ages,the collective memory of China in the West had been based on the texts written by peregrinators to China,represented by Marco Polo and the missionary community.After the 19^(th) century,travel guide,another form of text to guide potential peregrinators to China,began to appear.They selectively recorded and subjectively evaluated the landscape and life of China,with distinct individual characteristics,which had significant influence on the formation and dissemination of the image of China.

非线性畸形波所致的平台底部砰击载荷及结构响应数值模拟

基于求解2维N-S方程和流体体积(VOF)法建立数值水槽,采用Peregrine呼吸子解模型进行非线性畸形波的造波,采用2维有限元法对平台下甲板结构离散,并以一种流固耦合算法针对非线性畸形波平台底部砰击进行数值模拟.计算了该砰击问题中非线性畸形波引起的砰击载荷,并揭示了其与相同波高、波长2阶规则波引起砰击载荷的不同.考虑平台下甲板结构为弹性体的结构响应,在平台下甲板结构存在垂向初速度的条件下得到了平台下甲板结构位移时历,并采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)对频率响应进行了分析.

Biological Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Verticillium lecanii Isolated from Naturally Died Boettcherisca peregrine

[Objective] In order to find the pathogenic microorganisms suitable for biological control of filth flies, the pathogenic microorganism was isolated from the dead fly, Boettcherisca peregrine. [Method] The conidia and mycelia were observed by optical microscope. The pathogenic microorganism was identified on the basis of its culture characters and the optical morphologies of the conidia and mycelia, and its biological characteristics and pathogenicity were preliminarily studied. [Result] The pathogenic microorganism isolated from the dead fly was a new strain of Verticillium lecanii. The new strain of V. lecanii was numbered as KMZW-1. The colonies of V. lecanii KMZW-1 grew fastest on potato dextrose agar medium （PDA） at 29 ℃ and pH 6.0. The LC50 of its spore suspension to the adults of B. peregrine, Lucilia sericata, Musca domestic, Piophila casei and Drosophila melanogaster were 9.50×10^5, 4.58×10^7, 4.06×10^7, 4.10×10^3 and 1.05×10^7 conidia/ml, respectively. The LT50 were 6.86, 8.17, 8.16, 8.12 and 3.22 d, respectively. [Conclusion] V. lecanii KMZW-1 is an active pathogenic microorganism to control the adults of five fly species.

考虑高阶非线性对Peregrine呼吸子式畸形波的波形修正研究

本文基于四阶非线性薛定谔方程(mNLS)和三阶非线性薛定谔方程(NLS)对Peregrine呼吸子式畸形波的生成演化进行了数值研究。由于高阶非线性的作用,畸形波生成的位置和时间均有所改变,波幅有所降低,畸形波前后不对称性增大。通过对NLS方程的Peregrine呼吸子解进行修正,得到了考虑高阶非线性修正的Peregrine呼吸子式畸形波波形的数学描述。

Habitat preferences of diurnal raptors in relation to human access to their breeding territories in the Balkan Mountain Range,Bulgaria

Background:In this study we examined the habitat preferences of three diurnal raptors in relation to human access.We aimed to identify the selection of breeding habitat by the Golden Eagle(Aquila chrysaetos),the Long-legged Buz-zard(Buteo rufinus),and the Peregrine Falcon(Falco peregrinus)in response to site accessibility by humans,and in turn,the response of these species to human presence.Methods:Data about the nest locations were collected.Analyses and maps were created using ArcGIS.The“least cost path”was defined using the Cost Path tool.Results:The lowest values of the Cost Path were established for Long-legged Buzzard and the highest values were estimated for Golden Eagle.Intermediate Cost Path values for Peregrine Falcon were found.Conclusions:The Long-legged Buzzard could be considered as the most tolerant to human presence in its breeding territories.The Golden Eagle have the lowest degree of tolerance and the Peregrine Falcon is ranked in an intermedi-ate position compared to the other two species,but closer to Golden Eagle.

Aerodynamics of the Cupped Wings during Peregrine Falcon’s Diving Flight

During a dive peregrine falcons can reach velocities of more than 320 km/h and makes themselves the fastest animals in the world. The aerodynamic mechanisms involved are not fully understood yet and the search for a conclusive answer to this fact motivates the three-dimensional (3-D) flow study. Especially the cupped wing configuration which is a unique feature of the wing shape in falcon peregrine dive is our focus herein. In particular, the flow in the gap between the main body and the cupped wing is studied to understand how this flow interacts with the body and to what extend it affects the integral forces of lift and drag. Characteristic shapes of the wings while diving are studied with regard to their aerodynamics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results of the numerical simulations via ICEM CFD and OpenFOAM show predominant flow structures around the body surface and in the wake of the falcon model such as a pair of body vortices and tip vortices. The drag for the cupped wing profile is reduced in relation to the configuration of opened wings (without cupped-like profile) while lift is increased. The purpose of this study is primarily the basic research of the aerodynamic mechanisms during the falcon’s diving flight. The results could be important for maintaining good maneuverability at high speeds in the aviation sector.

Peregrine半导体全新的 DOCSIS 3.1射频（RF）开关创下高线性度记录?

UltraCMOSPE42723射频（RF）开关的线性性能超出DOCSIS 3.1有线电视行业为双频段架构制定的标准要求Peregrine半导体公司是射频SOI（绝缘体上硅）技术的创始人,先进的射频解决方案的先行者,今日宣布其UltraCMOSPE42723是目前市面上拥有最高线性指标的射频开关。作为其公司的成功产品PE42722的升级版,这个全新推出的射频开关在更小的封装中提供了增强的性能。

Peregrine智能整合UltraCMOS~技术突破RF性能屏障

伴随着在2014年12月Murata对Peregrine半导体的收购完成,Murata成为Peregrine半导体的长期战略性合作伙伴。通过将Peregrine完整的半导体供应链、RF硅片的专业技术,以及多元化的业务与Murata现有工艺的完美互补,Peregrine产品走上更高的高度。在2015年电子设计创新会议上,Peregrine半导体的产品营销总监Kinana

Dehydrolutein:a metabolically derived carotenoid never observed in raptors

Carotenoids are fat-soluble pigments synthesised by photosynthetic organisms(Brush,1990).Conversely,animals are incapable of synthesizing carotenoids de novo,and they must obtain them through their diet.However,some animal species are able to make some alterations to the basic chemical structure,converting ingested carotenoids into more oxidized and differently coloured forms(Schiedt,1998).

Genetic Differences between Wild and Captive Populations of the Peregrine Falcon （Falco peregrinus） and the Saker Falcon （Falco cherrug） Living in the Czech Republic

The microsatellite analysis of DNA plays an important role in studying the population genetics such as population structure, genetic variability and diversity, phylogenetic relationships of wild population of endangered species. The main aim of this study was the estimation of ten microsatellite markers variability in the F. cherrug and F. peregrinus populations. We investigated genetic diversity and structure of populations by using non-invasive genetic identification of individuals to characterize populations of raptors living in the captivity and wild in the Czech Republic during the breeding seasons 2009 and 2010. Within Falco cherrug, significant moderate genetic differentiation （FsT） was observed between Falco cherrug wild and captive. This means that there could be a little differentiation between the wild and the captive populations caused by Falco cherrug subspecies origin or hybridization in the captivity. The absence of significant genetic differentiation between Falco peregrinus wild and captive may be caused by the influence of reintroduction the captive populations in the past. Whereas one breeding population ofFalco peregrinus （Kokorinsko2 2010） was clustered by UPGMA dendrogram into the individual group, we assumed this population like independent, maybe not influenced by other groups. Moreover, a larger sample size would be necessary to confirm the hypothesis.