Sonoluminescence as the PeTa Radiation

In this paper, a model of cavitational luminescence (CL) and sonoluminescence (SL) is developed. The basis of the model is the PeTa (Perel’man-Tatartchenko) effect—a characteristic radiation under first-order phase transitions. The main role is given to the liquid, which is where the cavitation occurs. The evaporation of the liquid and subsequent vapor condensation inside the bubble are responsible for the CL and SL. Apparently, the dissolved gases and other impurities in the liquid are responsible for peaks that appear at the background of the main spectrum. They most likely are excited by a shock wave occurred during cavitation. The model explains the main experimental data. Thus, no mystery, no plasma, no Hollywood.

Bubble Glow at Hydrothermal Vents as the <i>PeTa</i>Radiation

The paper presents a physical model of a natural phenomenon, the glow of bubbles at hydrothermal vents formed during underwater volcanic activity. The basis of the model is characteristic non-equilibrium radiation under first order phase transitions that since 2010 has been referred to as the PeTa (Perelman-Tatartchenko) effect. This is the fourth paper in a series developing the model for similar physical phenomena: cavitational luminescence (CL), multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) and laser-induced bubble luminescence (LIBL). The previous three papers were published during 2017-2018 in this Journal. In the third one we have shown that above mentioned physical effects can be generalized as a phenomenon that we have titled “Vapour bubble luminescence” (VBL). VBL is very clearly represented in a non-equilibrium phase diagram. The essence of VBL is as follows: when there is a local decrease in pressure and/or an increase of temperature in a tiny volume of a liquid occurs, one or several bubbles filled with vapour will appear. Subsequently a very rapid pressure increase and/or temperature decrease in the same volume of liquid leads to supersaturation of the vapour inside the bubble. Upon reaching critical vapor density, instantaneous vapour condensation and emission of the phase transition energy that is accompanied by a flash (this is the PeTa effect) results in a sharp pressure decrease and the bubble collapses due to the pressure drop. This process is accompanied by a shock wave in the liquid. A similar effect occurs if bubbles filled with hot steam, for example from a cappuccino machine, are injected into a relatively large volume of cold water. The VBL model explains all experimental data concerning CL/MBSL/SBSL/LIBL and the relatively new natural phenomenon, the glow of bubbles at hydrothermal vents. Several model experiments demonstrate the PeTa effect under similar conditions. Additionally, we define the PeTa effect in all its manifestations on a non-equilibrium phase diagram. This clarifies which niches can contain VBL processes. We also demonstrate the window of transparency (WT) for the PeTa radiation during crystallization of a supercooled tellurium melt and propose the design of a cavity-free pulsed laser on the basis of similar crystallization processes.

Sonoluminescence as the PeTa Radiation, Part Two

This paper is a continuation of one published in this journal nine months ago. The two papers present a model of cavitational luminescence (CL), multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), one-bubble sonoluminescence (OBSL), and laser-induced bubble luminescence (LIBL). The basis of this model is the PeTa (Perel’man-Tatartchenko) effect, a nonequilibrium characteristic radiation under first-order phase transitions, especially vapour condensation. In this model, the main role is given to the liquid, where the evaporation, condensation, flash, and subsequent collapse of bubbles occur. The instantaneous vapour condensation inside the bubble is a reason for the CL/MBSL/OBSL/LIBL. Apparently, the dissolved gases and other impurities in the liquid are responsible for peaks that appear at the background of the main spectrum. They are most likely excited by a shock wave occurred during the collapse. This paper, in contrast to the previous one, presents a slightly expanded model that explains additional experimental data concerning especially the LIBL spectrum. As a result, today we are not aware of any experimental data that would contradict the PeTa model, and we continue to assert that there is no mystery to the CL/MBSL/OBSL/LIBL phenomena, as well as no reason to hope that they can be used for high-temperature chemical reactions, and even more so for a thermonuclear ones.

Sonoluminescence as the PeTa Radiation, Part Three

This paper is the third in a series published in this journal during 2017-2018. These three papers present various stages in the development of the PeTa model for phenomena of the same physical nature: cavitational luminescence (CL), multi-bubble sonoluminescence (MBSL), single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL), and laser-induced bubble luminescence (LIBL). The basis of this model is the PeTa (Perel’man-Tatartchenko) effect—a nonequilibrium characteristic radiation under first-order phase transitions, for instance, vapour condensation. The third iteration of this model “Vapour bubble luminescence” (VBL) is presented in this paper. The essence of this model is as follows: with a local decrease of pressure or an increase of temperature in a tiny volume of the liquid, one or several bubbles filled with vapour will appear. Subsequently, a very rapid increase in pressure or a decrease in temperature of the bubble leads to super-saturation of the vapour inside the bubble, followed by its instantaneous condensation with the emission of condensation energy (this is the PeTa effect). A sharp decrease in pressure causes the collapse of the bubble accompanied by a shock wave in the liquid. VBL model is conveniently represented on the solid-liquid-vapour phase diagram. A better understanding of the physical nature of the phenomena under consideration could help to find their useful applications. To develop this idea further, we propose a design of a cavity-free pulsed laser on the basis of CL/MBSL/SBSL. An analysis of LIBL in cryogenic liquids is also given in this paper.