Etching characteristics of thin SiON films using a liquefied perfluorocarbon precursor of C_6F_(12)O with a low global warming potential

Perfluorocarbon gas is widely used in the semiconductor industry.However,perfluorocarbon has a negative effect on the global environment owing to its high global warming potential(GWP) value.An alternative solution is essential.Therefore,we evaluated the possibility of replacing conventional perfluorocarbon etching gases such as CHF_3 with C_6F_(12)O,which has a low GWP and is in a liquid state at room temperature.In this study,silicon oxynitride(SiON) films were plasma-etched using inductively coupled CF4+C_6F_(12)O+O_2 mixed plasmas.Subsequently,the etching characteristics of the film,such as etching rate,etching profile,selectivity over Si,and photoresist,were investigated.A double Langmuir probe was used and optical emission spectroscopy was performed for plasma diagnostics.In addition,a contact angle goniometer and x-ray photoelectron spectroscope were used to confirm the change in the surface properties of the etched SiON film surface.Consequently,the etching characteristics of the C_6F_(12)O mixed plasma exhibited a lower etching rate,higher SiON/Si selectivity,lower plasma damage,and more vertical etched profiles than the conventional CHF_3 mixed plasma.In addition,the C_6F_(12)O gas can be recovered in the liquid state,thereby decreasing global warming.These results confirmed that the C_6F_(12)O precursor can sufficiently replace the conventional etching gas.

Microscopic mechanism of perfluorocarbon gas formation in aluminum electrolysis process

In view of the unclear cause of perfluorocarbons(PFCs)emission in the anode effect stage of aluminum electrolysis,the microscopic formation mechanism of PFCs was studied by density functional theory calculation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).It is found that the discharge of fluorine containing anions([F]−)on carbon anode first causes the substitution of C—H by C—F and further results in the saturation of aromatic C—C bonds,leading to the appearance of—CF_(3)or—C_(2)F_(5)group through six-carbon-ring opening.Elimination of—CF_(3)and—C_(2)F_(5) with F atom could be a likely mechanism of CF_(4) and C_(2)F_(6) formation.XPS results confirm that different types of—CF_(x) group can be formed on anode surface during electrolysis,and the possibility that[F]−discharges continuously at the C edge and finally forms different C—F bonds in quantum mechanical calculation was verified.

Recent Advances in ^(19)Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Perfluorocarbon Emulsions

The research roots of 19fluorine （19F） magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） date back over 35 years. Over that time span, 1H imaging flourished and was adopted worldwide with an endless array of applications and imaging approaches, making magnetic resonance an indispensable pillar of biomedical diagnostic imaging. For many years during this timeframe, 19F imaging research continued at a slow pace as the various attributes of the technique were explored. However, over the last decade and particularly the last several years, the pace and clinical relevance of 19F imaging has exploded. In part, this is due to advances in MRI instrumentation, ~gF/1H coil designs, and ultrafast pulse sequence development for both preclinical and clinical scanners. These achievements, coupled with interest in the molecular imaging of anatomy and physiology, and combined with a cadre of innovative agents, have brought the concept of ~gF into early clinical evaluation. In this review, we attempt to provide a slice of this rich history of research and development, with a particular focus on liquid perfluorocarbon compound-based agents.

New technique for removal of perfluorocarbon liquid related sticky silicone oil and literature review

AIM:To investigate the safety and efficacy of sticky silicone oil(SSO)removal using a 22-gauge vein detained needle and inner limiting membrane(ILM)wrap-and-peel technique.METHODS:This retrospective consecutive case series reviewed the records of patients with a history of retinal detachment who had received silicone oil and perfluorocarbon liquid(PFCL)as intraocular tamponades.Patients were included in the analysis if they exhibited SSO remnants during silicone oil removal.The aspiration of most of the SSO remnants was performed by a 22-gauge vein detained needle.The small amounts of droplets adhered to the macula and epi-macular membrane were subsequently removed by the ILM warp-and-peel technique.The anatomical and functional outcomes,and postoperative complications were recorded.In vitro experiments were performed to simulate the formation of SSO remnants in four groups.RESULTS:Of 711 patients who underwent silicone oil removal during the study period,9 patients exhibited SSO remnants and underwent follow-up for at least 3mo.Seven eyes(78%)underwent the ILM wrap-and-peel technique to completely remove small droplets of SSO that were glued to the macula and epi-macular membrane.No obvious complications occurred.Postoperative optical coherence tomography revealed normal retinal structure in all patients.In vitro analyses showed that balanced salt solution and prolonged vibration(for 1wk)had the strongest effects on silicone oil and PFCL compound opacities.CONCLUSION:SSO remnants could be removed in an intact manner and without complications,using a vein detained needle-assisted and ILM wrap-and-peel technique.The findings suggest that PFCL and infusion fluid should be completely removed before silicone oil injection to prevent SSO formation.

Use of Perfluorocarbon Liquids in Complicated Retinal Detachments

We now have an additional tool to help in managing complicated retinal detachments. We look forward to the day when we can leave the liquid without having to remove it because of the possibility of ocular complications.

A surprising visual improvement following a prolonged 5-month retained subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid

Dear Sir,I am Dr.Daniel Ting,from the Department of Ophthalmology,Singapore National Eye Centre,Singapore.I write to present a case of a surprising significant visual improvement following a prolonged 5-month retained subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid.Retained perfluorocarbon liquid（PFCL）has been shown to cause decreased visual acuity,retinal pigment epithelial（RPE）toxicity,retinal degeneration and gravity deformation ,

Ginsenoside modified lipid-coated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets: A novel approach to reduce complement protein adsorption and prolong in vivo circulation

Lipid-coated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets(lp-NDs)hold great promise in bio-medicine as vehicles for drug delivery,molecular imaging and vaccine agents.However,their clinical utility is restricted by limited targeted accumulation,attributed to the innate immune system(IIS),which acts as the initial defense mechanism in humans.This study aimed to optimize lp-ND formulations to mini-mize non-specific clearance by the IIS.Ginsenosides(Gs),the principal components of Panax ginseng,possessing complement inhibition ability,structural similarity to cholesterol,and comparable fat solubi-lity to phospholipids,were used as promising candidate IIS inhibitors.Two different types of ginsenoside-based Ip-NDs(Gs Ip-NDs)were created,and their efficacy in reducing IS recognition was examined.The Gs p-NDs were observed to inhibit the adsorption of C3 in the protein corona(PC)and the generation of SC5b-9.Adding Gs to Ip-NDs reduced complement adsorption and phagocytosis,resulting in a longer blood circulation time in vivo compared to lp-NDs that did not contain Gs.These results suggest that Gs can act as anti-complement and anti-phagocytosis adjuvants,potentially reducing non-specific clear-ance by the IS and improving lifespan.

Inhaling muscle spray: A rising trend of abuse

Ethyl chloride was popular as an inhalant recreational drug in the 1980s.It is easily available in pharmacies as well as sold online as a topical anesthetic spray for pain relief.In recent times,its use is gaining popularity again among the youth as an inhalant drug due to its neuro-stimulatory effects.To avoid the risks associated with use of illegal drugs,and ease of availability of ethyl chloride without restrictions,there is a rising trend to use it as a“substitute”drug of abuse.In this paper,we try to highlight to the critical care and emergency physicians that majority of these cases present with predominant neurological symptoms,with occasional involvement of the cardiovascular system.The diagnosis of ethyl chloride poisoning is primarily clinical and supportive care is the mainstay of treatment,along with subsequent counseling.Ethyl chloride abuse should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young patients presenting with predominant neurological symptoms.Alongside raising public awareness,the manufacturers and retail distributors of these products have an important role to play in reducing the risk of abuse.

丽水地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原sIgE抗体检测分析

目的探讨丽水地区变应性鼻炎(AR)患者吸入性变应原及食入性变应原谱的分布特征,为临床诊疗和预防提供依据。方法收集2020年1月至2022年12月在丽水市中心医院耳鼻咽喉门诊就诊的1610例疑似AR患者的血清变应原sIgE抗体检测资料,并进一步分析AR患者各类变应原谱的分布特征。结果共计1020例患者诊断为AR,血清变应原阳性率为63.35%。其中男性AR患者阳性率(66.59%)高于女性(59.48%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。丽水地区AR患者中主要的变应原是户尘螨,吸入性变应原前5位分别为户尘螨(77.94%)、混合霉菌(10.20%)、猫毛皮屑(9.22%)、树木花粉(5.88%)、狗毛皮屑(3.43%);食入性变应原前5位分别为牛奶(23.33%)、蟹(7.75%)、腰果(6.67%)、虾(4.41%)、鸡蛋白(3.33%)。在食入性变应原中,牛奶、蟹、虾的阳性率在男性中显著高于女性,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。按年龄分组比较,吸入性变应原中的户尘螨、桑树、蟑螂、树木花粉、草木花粉阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);食入性变应原中的鸡蛋白、牛奶、蟹、苋阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。吸入性变应原中的户尘螨、桑树、混合霉菌、树木花粉、草木花粉阳性率存在季节差异(P均<0.05)。结论丽水地区AR患者的致敏变应原具有多样性和复杂性,且受到性别、年龄和季节等因素的影响。

BD-77雾化吸入给药对肺炎支原体感染小鼠的治疗作用

目的评价BD-77雾化吸入给药对肺炎支原体肺炎小鼠模型的治疗作用。方法Balb/c小鼠按照体质量随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阿奇霉素对照组(42 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、BD-77高剂量组(75 mg·mL^(-1),雾化15 min)、BD-77低剂量组(37.5 mg·mL^(-1),雾化15 min)。以肺炎支原体滴鼻感染建立小鼠支原体肺炎模型,雾化给药4 d后,通过小鼠体重及肺重计算肺指数和肺指数抑制率,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测肺组织中白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量及血清中C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色评估小鼠肺组织病理学变化,全面评价BD-77对小鼠支原体肺炎的治疗作用。结果BD-772个剂量组雾化吸入给药15 min均可显著降低小鼠肺指数,减轻肺部炎症病变,降低肺组织中IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量及血清CRP水平。结论BD-77雾化吸入可治疗支原体感染小鼠肺炎,本研究为BD-77开发作为防治肺炎支原体肺炎的药物提供了实验室数据支持。

经鼻高流量鼻导管湿化氧疗联合氨溴索双途径给药对重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者的疗效

目的分析经鼻高流量鼻导管湿化氧疗(high-flow nasal cannula,HFNC)联合氨溴索双途径给药对重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者动脉血气指标、超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、肺表面活性蛋白D(surfactant protein D,SP-D)水平的影响。方法选取收治的重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者92例,用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组46例。对照组给予氨溴索双途径给药(氨溴索肺泡灌洗和氨溴索雾化)治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合应用HFNC。2组均连续治疗7 d。比较2组临床相关指标和临床疗效,治疗前后动脉血气指标和血清hs-CRP、SP-D水平的变化,记录治疗期间2组不良反应的发生情况。结果治疗后,观察组机械通气时间、住院时间均短于对照组,再插管率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的总有效率(89.13%)高于对照组(71.74%),P<0.05。观察组动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))均高于对照组(P<0.05),动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、血清hs-CRP和SP-D均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,2组患者均未出现严重不良反应。结论重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者接受HFNC联合氨溴索双途径给药治疗,可有效改善患者的动脉血气指标,减轻炎性反应,提高治疗效果,促进患者病情恢复。

沧州市中心医院2233例吸入性变应原血清学检测结果分析

目的回顾性分析2022年沧州市中心医院就诊患者的18种常见吸入性变应原的血清检测结果,了解该地区吸入性变应原的流行情况,为过敏性疾病的预防、诊断和治疗提供依据。方法以沧州市中心医院2022年1~12月进行变应原sIgE检测的2233例患者为研究对象,对患者变应原情况进行统计分析。结果吸入性变应原sIgE阳性率为59.43%,前5位的吸入性变应原依次为粉尘螨(28.08%)、屋尘(23.20%)、屋尘螨(22.21%)、艾蒿(16.44%)和猫上皮(12.32%)。男性和女性患者各类变应原阳性率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同年龄组的阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中1~10岁组的阳性率最高。除1~10岁组中阳性率最高的吸入性变应原为屋尘以外,其他年龄组阳性率最高的变应原均为粉尘螨。秋季就诊的阳性检出率最高。结论沧州地区疑诊过敏性疾病患者变应原sIgE阳性主要变应原为粉尘螨、屋尘、屋尘螨、艾蒿和猫上皮。变应原sIgE阳性检出率在不同季节、不同年龄段患者中存在明显差异,不同性别患者的变应原sIgE阳性率无显著差异。研究结果可以为河北沧州地区过敏性疾病的防治提供重要参考。

应用ECHO模型评价药物治疗管理服务在儿童支气管哮喘治疗中的效果

目的探究药物治疗管理(MTM)服务对儿童哮喘治疗的应用效果。方法选取2022年7—12月在河北省人民医院咳喘药学门诊就诊的5~11岁哮喘患儿107例,随机分成对照组(50例)和干预组(52例)。对照组患儿首诊时给予单次吸入制剂教育服务;干预组患儿给予全程规范化MTM服务。应用经济、临床与人文结果(ECHO)模型,分别于干预前、干预3个月及干预6个月后,统计2组患儿在经济(药物成本、成本-效用比),临床(ACT评分、吸入制剂使用正确率、哮喘发作次数)和人文(EQ-5D-5L效用值、Morisky用药依从性、患者满意度)结果中的差异,评价MTM服务在哮喘患儿中的应用效果。结果干预前2组各项评分指标差异无统计学意义;干预后干预组患儿经济结果、临床结果、人文结果3方面均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论药师主导的MTM服务可使哮喘患儿在经济、临床、人文多维度获益,既使哮喘患儿疾病得到长期有效控制,又提升药师药学专科服务能力。

噻托溴铵能倍乐?和噻托溴铵吸乐?在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中满意度和偏好度研究

目的比较中国慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者对噻托溴铵能倍乐■(软雾剂)与噻托溴铵吸乐■(干粉剂)吸入装置的满意度及偏好。方法一项多中心随机、开放、交叉研究。将中度至极重度COPD患者分为能倍乐■-吸乐■组与吸乐■-能倍乐■组,用患者满意度和偏好调查问卷(PASAPQ)比较两组治疗第8周时PASAPQ的性能评分、PASAPQ总评分、表达偏好的患者比例、PASAPQ的总体满意度评分及治疗后愿意继续使用的得分。结果共纳入71例COPD患者,其中能倍乐■-吸乐■组36例,吸乐■-能倍乐■组35例。基线资料显示两组性别、年龄,肺功能及慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议(GOLD)分级,既往糖皮质激素/长效β2受体激动剂(ICS/LABA)的使用百分比等基线资料比较两组间无统计学差异。第8周时,PASAPQ性能评分、总评分和总体满意度评分在两组均无显著性差异。第8周时,35例(50.7%)患者偏好使用能倍乐■,26例(37.7%)患者偏好使用吸乐■,差异无统计学意义(P=0.249)。结论COPD患者对两种装置的满意度无明显差异,但患者掌握能倍乐■的操作方法后,有偏好使用能倍乐■的倾向性。

无痛经食管超声心动图检查后并发症发生现状及影响因素

目的:调查无痛经食管超声心动图(TEE)检查后并发症发生现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:选取2021年12月—2023年5月在北京大学第三医院行无痛TEE检查的396例住院病人为研究对象。对其一般资料及无痛TEE检查后并发症发生情况进行调查。结果:396例病人中,发生检查相关并发症的病人为51例,占12.9%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、检查体位是无痛TEE检查后并发症发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:无痛TEE检查后并发症发生率较低,左侧卧位检查可进一步减少吸入性肺炎发生,高龄病人需给予更多的护理措施以减少并发症发生。

布地格福吸入气雾剂治疗稳定期中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床研究

目的探讨布地格福吸入气雾剂治疗稳定期中重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的临床疗效和安全性。方法选取2020年8月至2021年8月于莆田学院附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科就诊的123例稳定期中重度COPD患者作为研究对象,随机分为治疗组(n=60)与对照组(n=63)。对照组给予布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂+噻托溴铵粉吸入剂治疗,治疗组给予布地格福吸入气雾剂治疗。比较两组治疗前后第1秒用力呼气容积占预测值百分比(FEV_(1)%Pred)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比值(FEV_(1)/FVC)、改良版英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难问卷(mMRC)、COPD患者自我评估测试(CAT)和圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分、6 min步行试验(6MWT)、急性发作次数、药物不良反应情况。结果治疗后,两组FEV_(1)%Pred、FEV_(1)/FVC均高于治疗前,6MWT长于治疗前,mMRC、CAT及SGRQ评分均低于治疗前,治疗组FEV_(1)%Pred、FEV_(1)/FVC均高于对照组,6MWT长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组mMRC、CAT及SGRQ评分比较差异无统计学意义。治疗组急性发作次数少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组药物不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论布地格福气雾剂能更好地改善患者的肺功能和运动耐力,减少急性发作次数,且不增加药物不良反应。

国内外儿童用品吸入性化学应激源限量定值政策分析

儿童健康安全一直是全社会高度关注的问题。随着各类儿童用品更加丰富多样,在生产过程中需要加入一定量的化学物质来提高质量与性能,但过量的化学物质会对儿童身体健康产生较大影响,因此对儿童用品中有害化学物质限量的研究十分必要。本文对吸入性化学应激源进行概念界定,介绍了儿童用品中的典型吸入性化学应激源,分析了其危害以及应用产品,并梳理对比欧盟、美国、日本与中国儿童用品中典型有害化学物质限量定值。本文研究为我国吸入性化学应激源限量社会经济分析研究提供了政策支持。

布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入联合孟鲁司特钠治疗支气管哮喘急性发作的效果及对免疫功能的影响

目的探讨布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入联合孟鲁司特钠治疗支气管哮喘急性发作的效果及对免疫功能的影响。方法选取2020年1月至2023年1月收治的80例支气管哮喘急性发作患者为研究对象,随机将其分为对照组(布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入治疗)和观察组(布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入联合孟鲁司特钠治疗),各40例。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、呼气峰值流速(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的百分比(FEV_(1)/FVC)均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的调节性T细胞(Treg)高于对照组,辅助性T细胞17(Th17)、Th17/Treg低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子-2(eotaxin-2)、白细胞介素-33(IL-33)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入联合孟鲁司特钠可提高支气管哮喘急性发作患者的治疗效果,促进肺功能及免疫功能改善,也能下调eotaxin-2、IL-33表达。

成人吸入性损伤肺康复管理最佳证据总结

目的检索、评价及汇总成人吸入性损伤肺康复相关证据。方法计算机检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate临床顾问、JBI图书馆、Cochrane图书馆、国际烧伤协会、欧洲烧伤协会、美国烧伤协会、日本皮肤病学协会、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学数据库等网站中关于成人吸入性损伤相关的临床实践指南、专家共识、证据总结、系统评价及随机对照试验,检索时限为建库至2022年12月31日。进行文献质量评价后,根据主题对证据进行提取与汇总。结果根据纳入标准筛选出证据16篇,包括临床实践指南7篇、专家共识5篇、系统评价3篇、随机对照试验1篇。通过阅读、提取和归类,总结了对证据进行梳理,最终形成肺康复评估、肺康复模式、肺康复时机、肺康复时长、肺康复地点、肺康复方式、肺康复营养支持及效果评价8个维度,20条证据。结论本研究基于总结多个国家及地域成人吸入性损伤的肺康复管理证据,供医护人员根据临床实际情况选择证据进行干预。

药用棕色中硼硅玻璃安瓿与吸入用盐酸氨溴索溶液的相容性研究

目的考察药用棕色中硼硅玻璃安瓿与吸入用盐酸氨溴索溶液的相容性。方法采用SEM、ICP-MS等方法,通过模拟试验及迁移试验研究药物与包装材料的相互作用,并根据毒理学研究资料评价相容性。结果经加速稳定性试验放置6个月后,测得盐酸氨溴索溶液中Si、B等7种元素含量可见大于40%的上升率,但未超过每日最大允许摄入量,玻璃安瓿表面的侵蚀圆斑随加速放置时间延长而有所增多或增大;经长期稳定性试验放置24个月后,盐酸氨溴索溶液中元素含量、玻璃安瓿表面均未见明显变化。结论加速稳定性试验提示药用棕色中硼硅玻璃安瓿与盐酸氨溴索溶液间存在相互作用的趋势,提示本品有效期应尽量缩短,并密切关注相互作用情况。