Performance Testing and Analysis of Automotive-Grade CMOS Sensors in Different Environments

Automotive-grade Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS)sensors play a crucial role in automotive electronic systems,especially in the context of the rapid development of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems(ADAS)and autonomous driving technologies.Their performance is directly related to the safety and reliability of vehicles.However,automobiles will face a variety of complex environmental conditions during the actual operation,such as high temperature,low temperature,vibration,humidity changes,and light changes,which may have an impact on the performance of CMOS sensors.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the performance of automotive-grade CMOS sensors in different environments.

Automatic Control of Automobile Transmission Performance Test Stand

To realize automatic control of automobile transmission performance test stand Methods The automatic control technique of the lubricant temperature,the program- controll- edautomaticshifting of the transmission,the continuous adjusting of revolution speed and load, data-acquisition and data real-time processing were adopted.Results The lubricant temperature was controlled at the set temperature ±2℃.The automatic shifting of the trans- mission is simple,reliable and accurate.The automatic adjusting of load and rotation speed is rapidandaccurate,the torque divergence is ±1N·m,the rotation speed divergence is ±5r/min Conclusion The four kinds of techniques are applied into the automobile transmission perfor- mance test stand successfully. mancetest stand successfully.

Heat transfer performance testing of a new type of phase change heat sink for high power light emitting diode

In view of the limitations of solid metal heat sink in the heat dissipation of high power light emitting diode （LED）, a kind of miniaturized phase change heat sink is developed for high power LED packaging. First, the fabrication process of miniaturized phase change heat sink is investigated, upon which all parts of the heat sink are fabricated including main-body and end-cover of the heat sink, the formation of three-dimensional boiling structures at the evaporation end, the sintering of the wick, and the encapsulation of high power LED phase change heat sink. Subsequently, with the assistance of the developed testing system, heat transfer performance of the heat sink is tested under the condition of natural convection, upon which the influence of thermal load and working medium on the heat transfer performance is investigated. Finally, the heat transfer performance of the developed miniaturized phase change heat sink is compared with that of metal solid heat sink. Results show that the developed miniaturized phase change heat sink presents much better heat transfer performance over traditional metal solid heat sink, and is suitable for the packaging of high power LED.

A Study of Performance Testing in Configurable Software Systems

Customizing applications through program configuration options has been proved by many open-source and commercial projects as one of the best practices in software engineering. However, traditional performance testing is not in synch with this industrial practice. Traditional performance testing techniques consider program inputs as the only external factor. It ignores the performance influence of configuration options. This study aims to stimulate research interest in performance testing in the context of configurable software systems by answering three research questions. That is, why it is necessary to conduct research in performance testing, what are the state-of-the-art techniques, and how do we conduct performance testing research in configurable software systems. In this study, we examine the unique characteristics and challenges of performance testing research in configurable software systems. We review and discuss research topics on the performance bug study, performance anti-patterns, program analysis, and performance testing. We share the research findings from the empirical study and outline the opening opportunities for new and advanced researchers to contribute to the research community.

Shape design and performance test for small wind turbine blade

Based on the 1D-blade element momentum theory (BEM) with the improved tip loss correction introduced, a new aerodynamic model of wind turbine is developed. Using one high aerodynamic performance airfoil with 18% relative thickness, one small wind turbine blade is designed and the distribution of the chord and twist angle of the blade are determined. According to the shape parameters of the blade, a method to set up the 3D model is presented by investigating the coordinate position of each section of the blade. Based on the fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) molding technology, the manufacturing process of wind turbine blade is put forward. Using fiber reinforced polymer, the wind turbine blades are manufactured by the mold making and layer process. A test platform and method of wind turbine output power are carried out, the output powers at different speeds of the wind turbine are obtained and discussed. The comparison between the designed and one existing wind turbine rotor is completed to show the reliability and superiority of the design and test method presented in this paper.

Thermal Performance Test of the Hot Gas Duct of10MW High Temperature Reactor Test Modulegh

he thermal performance test of the horizontal coaxial double tube hot gas duct (HGD) with an internal thermal insulation for the 10MW High Temperature Reactor Test Module (HTR10) was conducted on a Helium Test Loop(HETL). The present paper deals with the technical feature of the HETL, the test section and the thermal performance test of the HGD. The HGD test section with a triple tube structure includes an inner heater, a HGD model and a coldhot gas mixer. A counterflow of cold and hot helium gas under the pressure of about 3.0 MPa and the minimum temperature of 100℃ in the annular passage and the maximum of 950℃ in the central tube of the HGD model was formed. The HGD model was undergone 20 times of pressure cycle test under the pressure ranging from 0.1 to 3.4 MPa, 18 times of the temperature cycle test under the temperature ranging from 100 to 950℃ and high temperature (700 to 950℃) helium flow test for a period of more than 350 hours. The effective thermal conductivity (λeff) of the internal insulation of the HGD was investigated experimentally. The relationship of the effective thermal conductivity with the average tmperature of the internal insulation layer is λeff(W/m/℃)=0.3512+0.0003T(℃). The test results indicate that the HGD model has good abilities to resist heat flux from the central tube to the annular passage, temperature variations, and pressure variations.

Performance tests of a portable thyroid radioiodine meter

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of a portable thyroid radioiodine meter in on-site monitoring to enhance the monitoring precision of radioiodine inhaled by nuclear medicine staff and patients.Methods:A portable thyroid radioiodine meter was developed to measure the 131I activity in the thyroid.Performance tests of the portable thyroid radioiodine meter were conducted using calibration sources and testing methodologies adhering to national metrological standards.Results:The thyroid radioiodine meter exhibited integral non-linearity,8-h measurement stability,measurement linearity,and an energy resolution of 0.42%,1.05%,1.56%,and 7.11%,respectively for ^(137)Cs at 661.66 keV.Additionally,its minimum detectable activity for ^(131)I at 364.49 keV was approximately 22 Bq(10 min).Conclusion:The developed thyroid radioiodine meter features elevated performance and great potential for application in nuclear medicine and monitoring of responses to nuclear or radiological emergencies.

Recent progress on imaging technology and performance testing of PET/MR

Purpose Integrated positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance(PET/MR)is a multimodality imaging technology integrating PET and MR,which can reflect the anatomical structure and physiological function simultaneously.With the development of this technology,PET/MR plays an increasingly important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment.This review would demonstrate the current state of the latest advancement of PET/MR detection technology.Methods In this review,some studies of PET/MR detection technology in motion artifact correction,time of flight,noise reduction,performance testing methods,and phantoms were summarized.Results and conclusions PET/MR is advancing rapidly in imaging technology and has achieved phased achievements.The performance testing results of different models prove that the integration of PET and MR does not affect the respective performance,and the performance testing phantom for PET/MR needs further development.

Analysis and performance test on dynamic seed corn threshing and conveying process with variable diameter and spacing

In order to further reduce the damage rate in threshing seed corn,a seed corn threshing testbed with variable diameter and spacing that can realize dynamic adjustment of parameters,such as feed quantity,rotating speed of the threshing device,threshing spacing of the threshing units,was designed in this research.The software of finite element analysis ANSYS Workbench was applied to do modal analysis on the threshing axis designed for variable diameter and spacing of seed corn.The first 8 orders of natural frequencies were distributed in 201.12-1640.20 Hz,with corresponding vibration amplitude in 5.86-27.04 mm,showing reasonable structural design of the threshing axis,which could realize effective seed corn threshing and conveying.Discrete element method was applied to do simulation analysis on the seed corn threshing and conveying process with variable diameter and spacing.Under the condition of different feed quantity,different rotating speed of the thresher,the moving speed of corn clusters and contact force among clusters were measured through simulation,and the working characteristics of the threshing testbed for low-damage and dynamic threshing and conveying of seed corn with variable diameter and spacing were revealed.Working performance test results of the testbed of seed corn with variable diameter and spacing showed that,when the rotating speed of the threshing axis was 190-290 r/min,feed quantity was 1.80-3.80 kg/s,the damage rate of seed corn was 0.32%-0.63%,threshing rate was 99.20%-99.82%,and content impurity rate was 4.23%-5.86%,the mass of threshed corn grains first increased and then decreased along the axial direction.The test verification process was in line with the simulation results;thus,the test results could satisfy the requirements in design and actual operation.

Multi-parameter optimization design, numerical simulation and performance test of mixed-flow pump impeller

On the basis of the three-dimensional design platform of the mixed-flow pump impellers, an optimization design system was developed in this paper by improving the genetic algorithm with application of both strategies of keeping the optimal individu- al and employing the niche. This system took the highest efficiency of the impeller as the optimization objective and employed P, a0, A0h and A0t, which could directly affect the shape and the position of the blade, as optimization parameters. In addition, loss model was used to obtain fast and accurate prediction of the impeller efficiency. The optimization results illustrated that this system had advantages such as high accuracy and fine convergence, thus to effectively improve the design of the mixed-flow pump impellers. Numerical simulation was applied to determine the internal flow fields of the impeller obtained by optimization design, and to analyze both the relative velocity and the pressure distributions. The test results demonstrated that the mixed flow pump had the highest efficiency of 87.2%, the wide and flat high efficiency operation zone, the relatively wide range of blade angle adjustment, fine cavitation performance and satisfied stability.

Design and anti-sway performance testing of pesticide tanks in spraying UAVs

Anti-sway performance is one of the most important factors that affect the stability of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).In this study,an anti-sway performance testing method and an evaluation formula for pesticide tanks were developed,which could facilitate the design and application of pesticide tank.The detection device mainly comprises a testing stand,a mounting and testing part,and a driving and control part.In the testing method,P(maximum pressure)measured by a barometer and t(fluctuation recovery time)measured by a high-speed camera were used as evaluation indexes.With the aim to determine the optimal position of the pressure detection device and the optimal filling ratio,four representative pesticide tanks were involved in this study.The results showed that the optimal position of the pressure detection device was at the middle position on the tank wall,halfway up from the bottom,and the optimal filling ratio was 0.8.Using P and t as evaluation indexes,a comprehensive evaluation formula was developed based on these tests:S=0.7Pi+0.3ti.Anti-sway performance of pesticide tanks was evaluated by a comprehensive score.A disk pesticide tank with a baffle was determined to be the best among the four types of pesticide tanks,showing a score of 1.The scores of the other three pesticide tanks were 0.500,0.428 and 0.612,respectively.These results indicated that the baffle structure in the pesticide tank and the radian design of the tank wall can effectively improve the anti-sway performance of a pesticide tank.The proposed detection device and test method are simpler and more intuitive compared to other approaches in evaluating the anti-sway performance of pesticide tanks in spraying UAVs,and they can be used as a reference to guide the design of pesticide tanks and the stability evaluation of spraying UAVs.

Performance test and process parameter optimization of 9FF type square bale straw crusher

In order to solve the problem of low productivity,unqualified segment length and high energy consumption during the process of crushing square bale straw caused by improper operation parameters,a 9FF square bale straw crusher was developed.In this study,by taking maize straw as the test material,the feeding speed,spindle speed of the crushing device and the state of the crushing device were taken as influence factors,and standard straw length rate,productivity per net working hour(hereinafter referred to as NWH)and energy consumption per ton of product as test indicators,the influence of the factors on the indicators were studied,and tests were carried out on the process of square bale straw crushing.By adopting the single factor test on the effect of the feeding speed,the spindle speed of the crushing device and the state of the crushing device on the test indicators,the suitable range of each factor was determined,respectively.Using the orthogonal test method,range method,variance method and comprehensive balance method,the experiment analyzed the significance of the influence of the three factors on various indicators and the order of priority.The test results showed that:the feeding speed was 5 m/min,spindle speed was 3000 r/min,and the state of the crushing device was a mixing cutter hammer,which was the best parameter combination(A1B1C1)for the processing technology of the square bale forage crusher.The standard straw length rate was 93.7%,and the productivity per NWH was 2.80 t/h,with energy consumption per ton of 4.72 kW·h/t,in which the standard straw length rate and productivity per NWH reached optimal values,and the energy consumption per ton of product was slightly higher than the optimal value in the experiment.The research results can provide a reference for the optimal design of the special crusher for square bale straw.

A Formal Approach to Protocol Performance Testing

This paper proposes a formal approach to protocol performance test- ing based on the extended concurrent TTCN. To meet the needs of protocol perfor- mance testing, concurrent TTCN is extended, and the extended concurrent TTCN's operational semantics is defined in terms of input-Output Labeled Thansition Sys- tem. An architecture design of protocol performance test system is described, and an example of test cases and its test result are given.

Development of testing techniques for mine fan performance

Three progressive stages of testing techniques are elaborated,which are en-tirely manual operating,taking separate instruments testing and computer program con-trolling.The testing method and principle are detailed based on the testing process formeteorological parameters,air pressure,air quality and rotating velocity.And every testingtechnique is analyzed.Finally, the technique outlook is viewed.All this plays a leading rolein development of the testing techniques.

Testing Research of Accumulator Performance in the Hydro-pneumatic Suspension of a Vehicle

Taking a 2.5 liter accumulator with hydro-pneumatic suspension in a CXP1032 crane made in Germany as the research object and taking both the overall-road simulative test-bed and the control equipment made by the Schenck Company of Germany as the testing instrument, the structure performance and mechanism are theoretically clarified and the variation of gas states are obtained. This illustrates the accumulating and releasing process of a 2.5 liter accumulator in a 32t crane in the real condition. The preliminary volume and pressure of accumulator would directly affect the stiffness performance of the hydro-pneumatic suspension in a vehicle.

THE NECESSITY AND FEASIBILITY OF INTRODUCING AN ORAL PERFORMANCE TEST FOR CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENTS AT BAND FOUR

The introduction of an oral performance test for Chinese college students at Band Four is proposed. The current CET-4 test and the qualitative problems associated with it are analysed, and the possible positive backwash of such an innovation is explored.

Comparative Study on Test Performance of Two Kinds of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete for the Steel Bridge Deck

Along with the popularization and application of the steel bridge in China,due to the high modulus of asphalt concrete with good waterproof,anti-fatigue,anti-aging and good performance,asphalt concrete with high modulus was widely used in steel bridge deck pavement,the test and comparative study of high modulus asphalt concrete were carried out based on two types of common high modulus asphalt concrete which include the casting type asphalt concrete and epoxy resin modified asphalt concrete,aims to further explore the performance features of the steel bridge deck with high modulus asphalt concrete,and provide help on the application of this asphalt concrete on the steel bridge deck.

Performance evaluation and chemical property analysis of RWMA binders with 100% artificial reclaimed asphalt

The performance evaluation and chemical property analysis of the recycled warm mix asphalt （RWMA） binders containing 100% artificial reclaimed asphalt （ RA） are presented, and the combined effects of different percentages of the rejuvenator and warm mix additive （WMA） additives on RWMA binders are analyzed through laboratory tests. Three types of WMA additives ad one commercial rejuvenator named GST were selected to restore the artificial RA. The laboratory performace tests including the penetration test, softening test ad rotary, viscosity （RV） test were carried out. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） test was performed to explore the chemical property of RWMA binders. The results of the performance tests indicate that the rejuvenator GST has the ability to restore the artificial RA; choosing the optimum content of WMA additives and rejuvenator is the key to restoring 100% artificial RA, since the combined effects of them play an important role in determining the basic laboratory performance of RWMA binders. The FTIR tests show that the process of recycling mainly adjusts the chemical component of aged asphalt and no remarkable change is observed in the FTI1R spectra of RWMA binders in terms of chemical functional groups with the introduction of WMA additives.

Performance analysis of three-stage liquid desiccant deep dehumidification processor driven by heat pump

A new type of a heat pump driven three-stage lithium bromide liquid desiccant deep dehumidification processor is presented,which can dehumidify the outdoor humid air to a rather dry state,even when there is no available indoor exhaust air.The test results show that with an outdoor air temperature of 28 to 31 ℃ and an outdoor air humidity ratio of 11 to 14 g/kg,the supply air temperature and the supply air humidity ratio are 1.6 to 2.6 ℃ and 2.6 to 3.0 g/kg,respectively,and the coefficient of performance（COP）of the processor is 1.8.During the test,a liquid pipeline link problem leading to mixture losses of hot and cold liquid desiccants is found.These pipelines are modified.Then,the performance of the modified processor is investigated.And the experimental results show that with an outdoor air temperature of 25 to 32 ℃ and an outdoor air humidity ratio of 18 to 21 g/kg,the supply air temperature and the supply air humidity ratio are 3.2 to 4.0 ℃ and 3.4 to 3.6 g/kg,respectively,and the COP is 2.8.Finally,a mathematical model of the processor is established.The comparison of the simulation results and the test results of the processor exhibits that the pipeline modification improves the performance by about 20%.

Design and prototyping of the readout electronics for the transition radiation detector in the high energy cosmic radiation detection facility

The high energy cosmic-radiation detection(HERD)facility is planned to launch in 2027 and scheduled to be installed on the China Space Station.It serves as a dark matter particle detector,a cosmic ray instrument,and an observatory for high-energy gamma rays.A transition radiation detector placed on one of its lateral sides serves dual purpose,(ⅰ)calibrating HERD's electromagnetic calorimeter in the TeV energy range,and(ⅱ)serving as an independent detector for high-energy gamma rays.In this paper,the prototype readout electronics design of the transition radiation detector is demonstrated,which aims to accurately measure the charge of the anodes using the SAMPA application specific integrated circuit chip.The electronic performance of the prototype system is evaluated in terms of noise,linearity,and resolution.Through the presented design,each electronic channel can achieve a dynamic range of 0–100 fC,the RMS noise level not exceeding 0.15 fC,and the integral nonlinearity was<0.2%.To further verify the readout electronic performance,a joint test with the detector was carried out,and the results show that the prototype system can satisfy the requirements of the detector's scientific goals.