A model of an irreversible proton exchange membrane （PEM） fuel cell working at steady-state was established, in which overpotenfials, internal currents, and crossover losses were taken into account. The expressions ...A model of an irreversible proton exchange membrane （PEM） fuel cell working at steady-state was established, in which overpotenfials, internal currents, and crossover losses were taken into account. The expressions of some key parameters of the fuel cell were derived from the point of electrochemistry and thermodynamics. Based on the irreversible model of the PEM fuel ceil, the influence of multi-irreversibilities on fuel cell performance were characterized and compared systematically. The general performance characteristic curves were generated. Moreover, when the electrical circuit was dosed with a load in it, the relations between the load resistance and power output density and efficiency were analyzed. The results provide a theoretical basis for both the operation and optimal design of real PEM fuel cells.展开更多
目的检索国外医院绩效管理的相关文献,构建国外医院绩效管理模式,为我国医院绩效管理工作提供参考。方法以Web of Science和中国知网数据库为数据来源,筛选出与主题密切相关的文献合计32篇。基于卓越绩效理论模型,运用内容分析法对相关...目的检索国外医院绩效管理的相关文献,构建国外医院绩效管理模式,为我国医院绩效管理工作提供参考。方法以Web of Science和中国知网数据库为数据来源,筛选出与主题密切相关的文献合计32篇。基于卓越绩效理论模型,运用内容分析法对相关文献进行文献挖掘。结果本研究确定了领导力,战略,顾客与市场,测量、分析和知识管理,资源,过程管理和绩效结果在内的7个一级主题及其下属的19个二级主题,通过系统梳理,构建了国外医院绩效管理的卓越绩效模式。结论国外医院绩效管理模式由领导力、战略、顾客与市场组成的“领导三角”和资源、过程管理和绩效结果组成的“结果三角”构成。此外,测量、分析和知识管理在两个三角之间起到调节作用,对绩效结果进行测量、分析和改进,促进医院绩效结果的提升。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51078068)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (No. 11D11314)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China (No. 10ZR1401300)
文摘A model of an irreversible proton exchange membrane （PEM） fuel cell working at steady-state was established, in which overpotenfials, internal currents, and crossover losses were taken into account. The expressions of some key parameters of the fuel cell were derived from the point of electrochemistry and thermodynamics. Based on the irreversible model of the PEM fuel ceil, the influence of multi-irreversibilities on fuel cell performance were characterized and compared systematically. The general performance characteristic curves were generated. Moreover, when the electrical circuit was dosed with a load in it, the relations between the load resistance and power output density and efficiency were analyzed. The results provide a theoretical basis for both the operation and optimal design of real PEM fuel cells.
文摘目的检索国外医院绩效管理的相关文献,构建国外医院绩效管理模式,为我国医院绩效管理工作提供参考。方法以Web of Science和中国知网数据库为数据来源,筛选出与主题密切相关的文献合计32篇。基于卓越绩效理论模型,运用内容分析法对相关文献进行文献挖掘。结果本研究确定了领导力,战略,顾客与市场,测量、分析和知识管理,资源,过程管理和绩效结果在内的7个一级主题及其下属的19个二级主题,通过系统梳理,构建了国外医院绩效管理的卓越绩效模式。结论国外医院绩效管理模式由领导力、战略、顾客与市场组成的“领导三角”和资源、过程管理和绩效结果组成的“结果三角”构成。此外,测量、分析和知识管理在两个三角之间起到调节作用,对绩效结果进行测量、分析和改进,促进医院绩效结果的提升。
