Investigation of Bacteria Species Most Involved in Peri-Implantitis

Purpose: Currently, bacteriological examinations of implant treatments target periodontopathic bacteria such as red complex bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, and detect them qualitatively or quantitatively. However, it seems that those examinations do not reflect the peri-implant tissue conditions precisely, because periodontopathic bacteria are also frequently detected from healthy peri-implant sites. The purpose of the present study was to investigate bacteria species most involved in peri-implantitis using a PCR method. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers in this study were designed based on partial sequences of 16S rDNA of bacteria species involved in peri-implantitis that were described in numerous previous studies. Peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) samples were collected from thirty periodontally healthy patients with implants (HI) and thirty patients with peri-implantitis (PI). Each detection frequency of bacteria species in PISFs of both groups was investigated using a PCR method, and was compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results: In PI group, detection frequencies of Corynebacterium durum, Fretibacterium fastidiosum and Slackia exigua were significantly higher than those of HI group (p P. gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia belonging to red complex were frequently detected in the PISF samples of HI group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It was suggested that monitoring C. durum and F. fastidiosum levels in PISF samples was useful as a clinical indicator for the evaluation of peri-implant tissue conditions.

Comparative Cytological and Histopathological Study of Peri-Implantitis and Periodontitis

Peri-implant diseases, such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, pose significant challenges to the long-term prognosis of dental implants. This study aimed to comprehensively compare peri-implantitis with periodontitis from cytological and histopathological perspectives, shedding light on the morphological characteristics associated with peri-implantitis. Thirteen patients, including six with peri-implantitis and seven with periodontitis, were included in the study. Cytological examination of affected gingival mucosa revealed distinct differences between the two conditions. Peri-implantitis exhibited an inflammatory background predominantly composed of neutrophils with lobulated nuclei, accompanied by stratified squamous epithelial cells showing signs of keratinization. In contrast, periodontitis showed a similar neutrophilic inflammatory background but with non-keratinized epithelial cells. Histopathological examination further confirmed these differences, with peri-implantitis showing keratinized epithelium in the inner epithelial layer. This histological finding aligns with the notion that peri-implantitis has a distinct mucosal profile compared to periodontitis. Additionally, cytological analysis revealed that peri-implantitis had a lower occurrence rate of Light green-positive cells, indicating a tendency toward keratinization. This finding suggests that the presence of keratinized mucosa might be associated with peri-implant health, although further research is needed to clarify this relationship. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of cytological examination and Papanicolaou staining for assessing mucosal inflammatory conditions and distinguishing between keratinized and non-keratinized cells. These findings underscore the utility of oral mucosal smears as a valuable tool for diagnosing peri-implantitis and enhancing our understanding of its pathogenesis.

Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Peri-Implant Epithelium

Background: Human beta-defensins (HBDs), epithelial-derived antimicrobial peptides, contribute to gingival health and periodontal disease. Particularly, the upregulation of HBD-3 expression in periodontal tissues is described to contribute to periodontal tissue regeneration. Specifically, the upregulation of HBD-3 expression in periodontal tissues is described to contribute to periodontal tissue regeneration. But there has been insufficient investigation of the inner epithelium in peri-implantitis, especially the HBD expression patterns as protection against oral infection. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the histopathological characteristics of the inner implant epithelium in peri-implantitis using histopathological and immunohistochemical methods and to compare it with the inner marginal epithelium in periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The biopsied cases consisted of 10 peri-implantitis, 11 periodontitis, and 10 controls. HE observation, measurement of the thickness of the inner epithelium, and immunohistochemical analysis for Ki-67 and HBD-3 were conducted. Results: Concerning the thickness of the inner epithelium, it was significantly higher in periodontitis (156.2 [138.0, 186.4] μm) than in peri-implantitis and control, 70.7 [67.5, 97.5] μm and 80.7 [76.6, 89.4] μm, respectively (p Conclusion: Decreased production of HBD-3 in keratinocytes composing the inner implant epithelium may be one of the factors affecting tissue repair in peri-implantitis.

Endoscopic transgastric fenestration versus percutaneous drainage for management of(peri)pancreatic fluid collections adjacent to gastric wall(with video)

BACKGROUND Percutaneous drainage(PCD)and endoscopic approaches have largely replaced surgical drainage as the initial approach for(peri)pancreatic fluid collections(PFC)s,while complications associated with endoscopic stent implantation are common.AIM To introduce a novel endoscopic therapy named endoscopic transgastric fenestration(ETGF),which involves resection of tissue by endoscopic accessory between gastric and PFCs without stent implantation,and to evaluate its efficacy and safety compared with PCD for the management of PFCs adjacent to the gastric wall.METHODS Patients diagnosed with PFCs adjacent to the gastric wall and who subsequently received ETGF or PCD were restrospectively enrolled.Indications for intervention were consistent with related guidelines.We analyzed patients baseline characteristics,technical and clinical success rate,recurrence and reintervention rate,procedure-related complications and adverse events.RESULTS Seventy-two eligible patients were retrospectively identified(ETGF=34,PCD=38)from October 2017 to May 2021.Patients in the ETGF group had a significantly higher clinical success rate than those in the PCD group(97.1 vs 76.3%,P=0.01).There were no statistically significant differences regarding recurrence,reintervention and incidence of complication between the two groups.While long-term catheter drainage was very common in the PCD group.CONCLUSION Compared with PCD,ETGF has a higher clinical success rate in the management of PFCs adjacent to the gastric wall.ETGF is an alternative effective strategy for the treatment of PFCs adjacent to the gastric wall.

Drivers of Innovative Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture in Bamenda City, Cameroon

Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) is gaining increasing importance in developing countries, due to rapid urbanization and rising rural-to-urban migration which has led to an increase in the population of the urban poor in Cameroon. It has been estimated that at least 70% of the total population of Cameroon will be living in urban areas by 2060. Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) has become an important source of livelihood and survival, especially amongst the urban poor but is not adequately recognized and supported by the government of Cameroon and organizations. Recent innovations in UPA have created new opportunities for social, economic, and environmental sustainability of urban areas, hence possible policy formulation in UPA. Therefore, this study was conducted with the main objective of determining the drivers of innovative urban and peri-urban agriculture in Bamenda City, Cameroon. Methodologically, the study employed probit model, using primary data collected from a sample of 402 UPA farmers through the cluster, simple random, and snowball sampling techniques. The results revealed that access to extension services is a major driver of innovative UPA in Bamenda City and is statistically significant at 1%. Other factors such as employment status (full time), age group (26 to 50 years), and gender, were also seen to have a significant positive influence on innovative UPA while the level of education (secondary) had a negative influence on innovative UPA and was statistically significant at 5%. Limited capital, limited knowledge, and financial constraints were identified as the major challenges hindering the practice of innovative urban and peri-urban agriculture in Bamenda City. The study recommends that the government and non-governmental organizations should increase the quality and quantity of extension service delivery to urban and peri-urban farmers, and more recognition and support should be offered to them to help overcome the challenges faced.

Application of Clinical Nursing Pathway in the Peri-Treatment Period of Immunoadsorption Therapy for Rheumatic Immune Diseases

Objective: The paper aims to investigate the clinical nursing pathway (CNP) in the application of immunosorption therapy in patients with rheumatic immune disease. Methods: Convenience sampling method was used to select inpatients who received immunoadsorption therapy from January 2020 to December 2022 in the rheumatology and Immunology department of a 3A hospital in Jingzhou City. 30 patients from January 2020 to June 2021 were selected as control group, and 30 patients from July 2021 to December 2022 were selected as observation group. The control group was given routine nursing. On the basis of the control group, the observation group used a clinical nursing pathway for intervention during the perioperative period of immunosorbent therapy. The incidence of adverse reactions, patient satisfaction, and nurse satisfaction during immunosorbent therapy between the control group and the observation group were compared. Results: After intervention, the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while patient satisfaction and nurse satisfaction in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The results are all statistically significant (P Conclusion: Clinical nursing pathway is beneficial to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in patients with immunoadsorption during peri-treatment and improve the satisfaction of patients and nurses.

Peri-operative use of sorafenib in liver transplantation:A time-to-event meta-analysis

AIM:To evaluate whether the application of sorafenib during the peri-operative period of liver transplantation improves prognosis in liver cancer patients.METHODS:We searched Pub Med,EMBASE and MEDLINE for eligible articles.A total of 4 studieswere found that fulfilled the previously agreed-upon standards.We then performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the enrolled trials that met the inclusion criteria.RESULTS:Out of the 104 studies identified in the database,82 were not clinical experiments,and 18 did not fit the inclusion standards.Among the remaining 4 articles,only 1 was related to the preoperative use of sorafenib,whereas the other 3 were related to its postoperative use.As the heterogeneity among the 4 studies was high,with an I2 of 86%,a randomized effect model was applied to pool the data.The application of sorafenib before liver transplantation had a hazard ratio(HR) of 3.29 with a 95% confidence interval(CI) of 0.33-32.56.The use of sorafenib after liver transplantation had an HR of 1.44(95%CI:0.27-7.71).The overall pooled HR was 1.68(95%CI:0.41-6.91).CONCLUSION:The results showed that the use of sorafenib during the peri-operative period of liver transplantation did not improve patient survival significantly.In fact,sorafenib could even lead to a worse prognosis,as its use may increase the hazard of poor survival.

Peritonitis and pneumoperitoneum after successful emergency pericardiocentesis in the case of a Chilaiditi syndrome

Pericardiocentesis is a common therapeutic procedure for pericardial tamponade due to pericardial effusion as well as a diagnostic procedure to obtain fluid for cytopathologic examination.Standard methods include ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance,which generally result in high success rates(over 95%).[1,2].The complication rate of pericardiocentesis is low with reported incidences of l%-2%.[3]In the past,the most common indications for pericardiocentesis include uremia,tuberculous pericarditis or malignant pericardial effusions.However,with the increasing number of catheter-based interventional cardiac procedures,iatrogenic pericardial effusions are becoming more frequent[4-6].

Expression of cellular fibronectin mRNA in adult periodontitis and peri-implantitis: a real-time polymerase chain reaction study

Cellular fibronectin （cFn） is a type of bioactive non-collagen glycoprotein regarded as the main substance used to maintain periodontal attachment. The content of cFn in some specific sites can reflect the progress of periodontitis or peri-implantitis. This study aims to evaluate the expression of cFn messenger RNA （mRNA） in tissues of adult periodontitis and peri-implantitis by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and to determine its clinical significance. A total of 30 patients were divided into three groups of 10： healthy, adult periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Periodontal tissue biopsies （1 mmx I mmx I mm） from each patient were frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was extracted from these tissues, and the content, purity and integrity were detected. Specific primers were designed according to the sequence, and the mRNA expression levels of cellular fibronectin were detected by real-time PCR. The purity and integrity of the extracted total RNA were both high, and the specificity of amplified genes was very high with no other pollution. The mRNA expression of cFn in the adult periodontitis group （1.526＋0.441） was lower than that in the healthy group （3.253＋0.736）. However, the mRNA expression of cFn in the peri-implantitis group （3.965＋0.537） was significantly higher than that in the healthy group. The difference revealed that although both processes were destructive inflammatory reactions in the periodontium, the pathomechanisms were different and the variation started from the transcription level of the cFn gene.

Peri-implantitis and periodontitis: Use of bacteriological test in dental practice

Peri-implantitis has been defined as an inflamematory condition involving dental implants, surrounding mucosa and bone, which lose supporting bone. Although high success rates for endosseous implants have been reported, failures occur, and some implants are lost or removed. At least 10% of the failures have been suggested to be the result of peri-implantitis. One of the major causes of the peri-implantitis is the bacterial colonization of implant surfaces but additional risk factors such as periodontitis, poor oral hygiene, tobacco consumption, prepost operative therapies and genetic susceptibility should be considered. In the present study a real-time PCR bases assay was designed to detect and quantify red complex species, then used to investigate 307 periodontal pocket samples from 127 periodontitis patients and 180 controls. Results demonstrated a significant higher prevalence of red complex species and increased amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticolain periodontal pocket of periodontitis. Since a higher risk of peri-implantitis occurs in periodontally affected patients, detection and treatment of bacteria is a fundamental objective to ensure dental implant survival.

Potential Antimicrobial Effects of Gatifloxacin on Periodontopathic Bacteria in Vitro

The aim of this study was to identify the potential antibacterial effects of gatifloxacin on periodontal pathogens including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingi-valis, and Prevotella intermedia. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of gatifloxacin and its bactericidal effects were investigated. Gatifloxacin inhibited the growth of all three kinds of periodontopathic bacteria tested in broth. The MIC value of 2.5 nM was found to be the most effective in inhibiting A. actinomycetemcomitans. An adenosine triphosphate biolumi-nescence assay revealed that gatifloxacin exhibited bactericidal effects on the tested bacteria in a time-dependent manner. The safety of gatifloxacin in mammalian cells was evaluated by assessing the viability of normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells treated with gatifloxacin. Almost all NHDF cells survived after 2-d culture, while 81% of the cells survived after 4-d culture when treated with 1.0 × 103 nM gatifloxacin. These results indicate that gatifloxacin is a possible drug for local administration to prevent periodontal infection.

Ca (II)-EDTA shows antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic bacteria

Ethylenediamine-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid calcium (II) disodium salt (Ca (II)-EDTA) was investigated for its antibacterial activity against the periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Ca (II)-EDTA and its bactericidal activity. Ethylenediamine-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid calcium (II) disodium salt inhibited the growth of all the periodontopathic bacteria tested in broth. An MIC of 60 mM was the most effective against P. gingivalis. An adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay revealed that Ca (II)-EDTA showed bactericidal activity against the bacteria tested in a time-dependent manner. To determine its safety in mammalian cells, we investigated the viability of murine L929 cells subjected to Ca (II)-EDTA treatment. At 75 mM, 93% ± 0.13% of the cells survived. These results indicate that Ca (II)-EDTA is a candidate chelating agent for prevention of infection by periodontopathic bacteria.

Xiaoyao pill for treatment of functional dyspepsia in perimenopausal women with depression

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Xiaoyao pill for treatment of functional dyspepsia(FD) associated with perimenopausal depression.METHODS: This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial including 180 patients with FD accompanied by depression that were divided into two groups of 90. Patients in the treatment group received oral administration of the Xiaoyao pill for soothing the liver and activating the spleen, and patients in the control group received a placebo. This trial included an 8-wk therapy period with a follow-up period of 6 mo. The total efficacy and degree of depression, as assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD), were evaluated. Plasma levels of motilin and gastrin were measured and a gastric emptying test was conducted in each participant.RESULTS:The Xiaoyao pill had a good therapeutic effect and improved the symptoms in patients with perimenopausal FD as assessed by the HRSD score,motilin and gastrin levels,and rate of gastric emptying.The total effective rate of the Xiaoyao pill in the treatment group was significantly superior to that of the placebo in the control group.In the control group,the initial HRSD score was 12.12±2.29 and decreased to7.14±1.67 after therapy(P<0.01).In the treatment group,the initial HRSD score was 11.44±2.15,which significantly decreased to 6.20±2.08 after therapy(P<0.01).Moreover,the HRSD score in the treatment group was significantly lower than in control group after 8 wk(P<0.01).Motilin and gastrin levels in both groups were significantly increased after the 8-wk therapy(P<0.05).The gastric emptying rate was also improved in both groups after therapy(P<0.05),and the improvement was significantly better in the treatment group compared to the controls(P<0.05).These results confirm the therapeutic effects of the Xiaoyao pill in perimenopausal FD patients and indicate that it is worthy of clinical promotion.CONCLUSION:The Xiaoyao pill is effective and safe for the treatment of perimenopausal women with FD associated with depression.

Relationship between intraduodenal peri-ampullary diverticulum and biliary disease in 178 patients undergoing ERCP

BACKGROUND: The presence of intraduodenal periampullary diverticulum is often observed during upper digestive tract barium meal studies and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). A few papers in China and overseas reported that the diverticulum had something to do with the incidence of cholelithiasis. This study was undertaken to further test this notion and ascertain the relationship between intraduodenal periampullary diverticulum and biliary disease, especially the formation of bile duct pigment stones. METHODS: A total of 178 patients who had undergone ERCP or endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) were studied retrospectively. They were divided into 6 groups according to the category of biliary disease, and the incidence rates of intraduodenal peri-ampullary diverticulum were calculated. duct pigment stones is higher than that in patients with bile duct stones secondary to gallbladder stones, patients with inflammation and stricture of the end of the bile duct and papilla, and patients with carcinoma of the end of the bile duct and papilla. These findings indicate that the anatomical abnormalities and malfunction of the sphincter of Oddi play an important role in the formation of bile duct pigment stones. RESULTS: There were 44 patients with intraduodenal periampullary diverticulum in 81 patients with primary bile duct pigment stones (54.32%), 4 in 8 patients with bile duct stones and gallbladder stones (50%), 7 in 33 patients with bile duct stones secondary to gallbladder stones (21.21%), 3 in 21 patients with inflammation and stricture of the end of the bile duct and papilla (14.29%), 1 in 22 patients with carcinoma of the end of the bile duct and papilla (4.54%), and 5 in 13 patients with post-cholecystectomy syndrome or sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (38.46%). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of intraduodenal periampullary diverticulum in patients with primary bile duct pigment stones is higher than that in patients with bile duct stones secondary to gallbladder stones, patients with inflammation and stricture of the end of the bile duct and papilla, and patients with carcinoma of the end of the bile duct and papilla. These findings indicate that the anatomical abnormalities and malfunction of the sphincter of Oddi play an important role in the formation of bile duct pigment stones.

Heavy Metal Contaminated Food Crops Irrigated with Wastewater in Peri Urban Areas, Zambia

Studies on peri urban farming in Zambia have not adequately tackled the issues pertaining to heavy metal contaminated wastewater irrigation farming. The study investigated heavy metal contamination of water, soils and crops at two peri urban areas in Zambia. Two study sites were New Farm Extension in Mufulira Town in the Copperbelt Province and Chilumba Gardens in Kafue Town in Lusaka Province. The heavy metals investigated were lead, copper, cobalt, nickel and chromium. These heavy metals were found to be higher than acceptable limits in wastewater used to irrigate crops and there are potential human health risks associated with consumption of heavy metal contaminated food crops which have implications on the livelihoods of people. Samples of water, soil and crops were collected and analysed for lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The data on heavy metals was analysed using mean, standard error and T-test. The results indicated that the levels of heavy metals in wastewater, soil and food crops were above acceptable limits at two study sites. It can be concluded that there was heavy metal contamination of wastewater, soil and food crops at the two peri-urban areas in Zambia. The study highlighted the actual levels of heavy metal contaminant uptake in food crops consumed by the peri urban population. The information from this study can be used by the relevant authorities to develop appropriate measures for monitoring and control of heavy metal contamination in wastewater irrigation farming systems in peri urban areas inZambia.

Heat transfer analysis in peristaltic flow of MHD Jeffrey fluid with variable thermal conductivity

The effect of an inclined magnetic field in the peristaltic flow of a Jeffrey fluid with variable thermal conductivity is discussed. The temperature dependent thermal conductivity of fluid in an asymmetric channel is taken into account. A dimensionless nonlinear system subject to a long wavelength and a low Reynolds number is solved. The explicit expressions of the stream function, the axial velocity, the pressure gradient, and the temperature are obtained. The effects of all physical parameters on peristaltic transport and heat transfer characteristics are observed from graphical illustrations. The behaviors of θ∈ [0, π/2] and θ∈ [π/2, π] on fluid flow and heat transfer are found to be opposite. Further, the size of trapped bolus is greater for the case of the inclined magnetic field （θ≠ π/2） than that for the case of the transverse magnetic field （θ = π/2）. The heat transfer coefficient decreases when the constant thermal conductivity （Newtonian） fluid is changed to the variable thermal conductivity （Jeffrey） fluid.

应用PeriCam PSI血流灌注散斑成像仪对食蟹猴模型舌象的初探研究

目的探索运用PeriCam PSI血流灌注散斑成像仪检测食蟹猴模型舌部血液灌注量的方法并分析其可行性及应用价值。方法(1)5只雌性食蟹猴行宫颈环扎术,制备食蟹猴子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)疾病模型,1只雌性食蟹猴开腹仅观察盆腔情况。(2)分别于术前、手术当月及术后1、2、3个月运用PeriCam PSI血流灌注散斑成像仪测量所有食蟹猴舌面、舌底血液灌注量,采用与之配套的PIMSoft软件进行数据采集与分析。结果(1)成功检测6只食蟹猴在不同时间段的舌部血液灌注量,宫颈环扎组食蟹猴术后的血液灌注量均呈现显著上升或下降,差异有统计学意义。(2)术后2月轻-中度盆腔粘连的食蟹猴舌面及舌底的血液灌注量均显著高于无粘连组,差异有统计学意义。结论运用PeriCam PSI血流灌注散斑成像仪测量食蟹猴舌部血液灌注量的方法稳定可行,可能成为疾病病证结合模型舌象的量化评价方法。

In vitro antimicrobial effects of grape seed extract on peri-implantitis microflora in craniofacial implants

Objective:To determine the antimicrobial effects of grape seed on peri-implantitis microflora.Methods:The grape seed extract was tested against peri-implantitis microflora most commonly found in craniofacial implants including reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Escherichia coli(E.coli),Candida albicans(C.albicans)and clinical strains of S.aureus,Klebsiella pneumonia(K.pneumonia)and Candida parapsilosis(C.parapsilosis)by disk diffusion test.Minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)and minimum cidal concentrations(MCC)were determined using modified agar dilution millpore method.The extract was further combined with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol,and was tested for antimicrobial effects.Results:Grape seed extract showed positive inhibitory effects with S.aureus at MIC of 0.625 mg/mL and MCC of1.25 mg/mL respectively.However the extracts showed minimal or no reactivity against strains of E.coli,K.pneumonia,C.parapsilosis and C.albicans.The use of grape seed extract in combination with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol also showed dose dependent inhibitory effect on S.aureus.Conclusions:The results of the study showed that grape seed has potential antimicrobial effects which can be further studied and developed to be used in the treatment of infected skinabutment interface of craniofacial implants.

The Experience of Industrial Districts Construction in Yokohama City-A Useful Reference for Shanghai Urban Planning

Shanghai and Yokohama are very similar in the positions in their respective state economy and in the orbit of eco-nomic structure development. Since industrial districts in Yokohama city were established dozens years earlier than Shanghai, the experience of Yokohama must be very useful for Shanghai urban planning.

Function of Agricultural Land Use and Its Evolvement in Peri-urban Area: A Case Study of Beijing

Rapid urbanization in Beijing stimulates the urban land expansion and diminishes available agricultural land. Monofunctional agricultural land use can not meet the demand of the devel- opment of the multifunctional agriculture and urbanization any more, so multifunctional agricultural land use is going to be promoted in the city. This article proposes the evolvement of the land use change from 1992 to 2004 and discusses some evolvement views.