Studies on In Vitro Flowering and Fruiting of Perilla frutescens

Influences of PGR, sucrose, and ammonium nitrate on in vitro flowering and fruiting from cotyledon explants of P. frutescens were studied. The regenerated shoots at 2-4. cm from cotyledon explants on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L^-1 BA and 1.0 mg L^-1IAA were excised and transferred to MS medium containing 30 g L^-1 sucrose, 8.25 g L^-1 ammonium nitrate, and 1.0 mg L^-1 BA. Following 40 d of culture, 86.2% of them flowered and set seeds. These seeds were germinable and developed into flowering plants in the fields. This study provides a simple system for rapid breeding of P. frutescens and studying the physiological mechanism of flowering of plants.

GC-MS analysis of volatile compounds of Perilla frutescens Britton var. Japonica accessions: morphological and seasonal variability

Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone(PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin(PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown(PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine(PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown(PMU) type, perilla ketone, elemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene(PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, betacryophyllene, myristicin(L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion:The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.

Effects of Plant Density on the Economic Yield and Agronomic Characters of Perilla frutescens L.

Perilla frutescens L. is a traditional medicinal plant in china. In recent years, with more and more attention is paid to the nutritional and health values of Perilla frutescens L, it has become a potential medicinal and edible crop. Two Per- ilia frutescens cultivars, Qisu No.1 （oil type） and Qisu No.3 （leaf and seed-using type）, bred by Rapeseed Research Institute of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, were used as test material for studying the effects of different planting density on the economic yield and agronomic characters of Perilla frutescens L. under moderate fertility level. The results showed the variation tendency of agro- nomic characters with the change of planting density was similar for the two Perilla frutescens cultivars. Among them, the plant height, main-stem nods, first effective branch length, first effective branch height, spikes per plant, and yield per plant were negatively related to the planting density; and main spike length and main- spike grains were positively related to the planting density. The effects of planting density on kilo-grain weight were not significant. The yield of the two cuitivars all increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density. The re- gression analysis of planting density versus yield of Perilla frutescens L. was per- formed for obtaining the regression equations （Qisu No.l： y=54.046 5＋96.777 lx- 45.719 8x2, r=0.999 4; Qisu No.3：y=38.717 6＋42.111 3x-16.757 7x2, r=0.999 8）. Based on the regression equations, the optimal planting density for Qisu No.1 was 158 745 plants/hm2 with peak yield of 1 578.90 kg/hm2, and for Qisu No.3 was 188 745 plants/hm2 with peak yield of 977.55 kg/hm2. Under the optimal planting density, Qisu No.3 could also harvest 3 000 kg/hm2 of Perilla frutescens dry leaves and 2 400 kg/hm2 of Perilla frutescens stems. This research would provide an important reference for the promotion, high-yield cultivation and comprehensive utilization of Perilla frutescens L.

Thai Perilla frutescens fruit oil alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicities in rats

Objective:To study the effect of perilla fruit oil against carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats.Methods:Perilla fruit oil was analyzed in terms of fatty acids,tocopherols and tocotrienols using chromatography.Sub-chronic toxicity of perilla fruit oil was investigated in rats for 90 d followed by a 28 d recovery period.Hematological,biochemical and pathological parameters were determined.To evaluate hepatoprotection,rats were divided into five groups and orally administered with Tween 80 for 10 d;Tween 80,silymarin,perilla fruit oil(0.1 mL/200 g)and perilla fruit oil(1 mL/200 g)for 10 d together with subcutaneous injection of CCl4(2 mL/200 g)on days 9 and 10.Liver enzymes and pathological parameters were determined.Results:Perilla fruit oil containedα-linolenic acid(56.55%of total fatty acid),β-tocopherol(49.50 mg/kg)andγ-tocotrienol(43.65 mg/kg).Rats showed significant changes in the percentage of monocytes and platelet indices following perilla fruit oil consumption for 90 d;in the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes,and RBC indices in the recovery period when compared with the deionized water group.Total protein and creatinine levels were increased while alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were decreased(P<0.05).Organ weight index and pathological indicators did not change significantly.The liver of CCl4-induced rats showed remarkable centrilobular fatty changes,which was ameliorated by perilla fruit oil pretreatment.Aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were decreased(P<0.05)in rats given perilla fruit oil.Conclusions:Perilla fruit oil is rich inα-linolenic acid,β-tocopherol andγ-tocotrienol and improves blood biomarker levels and protects against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.Further studies are required before supporting its use for the treatment of hepatitis.

紫苏(Perilla frutescens)的种籽、茎叶营养

紫苏(Perilla frutescens)原产我国,至今已有2千多年的栽培历史,历来享有食疗同源珍品之称。本研究结果表明,其种籽蛋白质、脂肪等,以及活性营养素(β-Carotene、V_(B1)、V_(B2)、V_C、V_E)、矿物元素(Ca、P、Fe、Zn……)及油脂、脂肪酸(C_(16:0)、C_(18:0)、C_(18:1)、C_(18:1)、C_(18:3)……)含量均十分显著,尤其是它的β-胡萝卜素(β-Carotene)成倍高于红胡萝卜、番茄、红苋等蔬菜。

Anti-Melanogenesis Activity of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract from Perilla frutescens Seeds

Perilla frutescens seed (PFS) oil is reported to inhibit skin photoaging;however, its effect on melanogenesis has not yet been investigated. Herein, we tested the anti-melanogenesis activity of an oil-based extract from PFS with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). In a cell culture system, B16 mouse melanoma cells were treated with the PFS scCO2 extract and other samples. The PFS scCO2 extract decreased melanin production by approximately 90% in B16 mouse melanoma cells without cytotoxicity at 100 μg/mL. This effect was greater than that of the well-known melanogenesis inhibitor, kojic acid. Although a hexane-extracted PFS oil and a squeezed PFS oil also decreased melanin production in the B16 cells, the inhibitory effect of the PFS scCO2 extract was higher than both of these. Chemical analysis of the PFS scCO2 extract and squeezed PFS oil showed that almost 90% of the components of both oils were α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid. Furthermore, the ratio of those three fatty acids across both samples was almost the same. When the three fatty acids were mixed in the same ratio as in the PFS scCO2 extract, the IC50 of the mixture for melanin production in B16 melanoma cells was identical to that of the PFS scCO2 extract. However, the IC50 of the squeezed PFS oil was approximately 6.6 times higher than that of the mixture. Although those fatty acids are the main inhibitory ingredients against melanin production in all of the extracts, some factor(s) in the squeezed PFS reduce their affinity with the cells. These results indicated that the PFS scCO2 extract could be a superior melanogenesis inhibitor. Although its main ingredients are probably the same as those of the squeezed PFS oil, it is necessary to extract with scCO2 for stronger anti-melanogenesis activity.

Development and Characterization of New Microsatellite Markers for <i>Perilla frutescens</i>(L.) Britton

Based on RNA sequences using transcriptome analysis, 37 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer sets were developed for Perilla species. These new SSR markers were applied to analyze the genetic diversity among 15 accessions of Perilla species. A total of 182 alleles were confirmed in 37 loci, with an average of 4.9 alleles per locus and from 2 to 9 alleles per locus. The MAF (major allele frequency) per locus varied from 0.200 to 0.733, with an average of 0.463. The gene diversity (GD) ranged from 0.391 to 0.853, with an average of 0.670. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.624, ranging from 0.315 to 0.838. The new SSR markers of Perilla species reported in this study may provide potential markers to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationships of Perilla species. In addition, new Perilla SSR markers developed from transcriptome analysis can be useful for the identification of cultivars, conservation of Perilla germplasm resources, and genetic mapping and designating of important genes/QTLs for future Perilla crop breeding programs.

Effects of Microwave Blanching Treatment on POD Activity and Crispness in Capsicum frutescens L.

[Objective] To study the effects of microwave blanching treatment on POD activity and crispness in Capsicum frutescens L., and to compare the effects of microwave blanching method, normal blanching method, boiling water blanching and steam blanching. [Methods] In order to obtain the optimal condition for microwave blanching, response surface methodology was used to construct a quadratic regression model describing the effects of microwave power, microwave time and calcium lactate concentration on the POD activity in C. frutescens. [Results] The optimal technology was obtained based on central composite design： 525 W microwave power, 64.5 s microwave time, and 0.08% calcium lactate concentration. Under this condition, POD enzyme activity of C. frutescens was desactivated and crispness of C. frutescens was 68.77 N. [Conclusions] This research would provide references for the crispness protection and enzyme deactivation of C. frutescens.

Effects of Chlorine Dioxide Gas on Postharvest Physiology and Storage Quality of Green Bell Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.var.Longrum)

The effects of treatment of chlorine dioxide （C1Oz） gas on postharvest physiology and preservation quality of green bell peppers were studied. Green bell peppers were collected in bags and treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg L^-1 ClO2 gas at 10±0.5℃ for over 40 d, and the changes in postharvest physiology and preservation quality of the peppers were evaluated during the storage. The inhibition of rot of the peppers was observed for all the tested ClO2 gas treatments. The rot rates of the treated samples were 50% lesser than those of the control after day 40 of storage. The highest inhibitory effect was obtained after 50 mg L^-1 ClO2 gas treatment, where the peppers did not decay until day 30 and showed only one-fourth of the rot rate of the control at day 40 of storage. The respiratory activity of the peppers was significantly （P〈0.05） inhibited by 20 and 50 mg L^-1 ClO2 treatments, whereas no significant effects on respiratory activity were observed with 5 and 10 mg L^-1 ClO2 treatments （P〉0.05）. Except for 50 mg L^-1 ClO2, malondialdenyde （MDA） contents in the peppers treated with 5, 10, or 20 mg L^-1 ClO2 were not significantly （P〉0.05） different from those in the control. Degradation of chlorophyll in the peppers was delayed by 5 mg L-1ClO2, but promoted by 10, 20, or 50 mg L^-1 ClO2. The vitamin C content, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids of the peppers treated by all the tested ClO2 gas did not significantly change during the storage. The results suggested that ClO2 gas treatment effectively delayed the postharvest physiological transformation of green peppers, inhibited decay and respiration, maintained some nutritional and sensory quality, and retarded MDA accumulation.

Soil Manganese and Iron Released due to Calcium Salts:Bioavailability to Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Releases of manganese and iron ions from an albic soil (Albic-Udic Luvisol), a yellow-red soil (Hap-Udic Ferrisol) and a yellow-brown soil (Arp-Udic Luvisol) induced by calcium salt addition and their bioavailability to pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) were studied in a pot experiment. Addition of Ca(NO3)2 decreased soil pH and increased both exchangeable and DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)-extractable Mn and Fe in soils. Meanwhile, total Mn accumulation in the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. on the salt-treated soils increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01) compared with the control, suggesting that salt addition to soil induced Mn toxicity in Capsicum frutescens L. Although exchangeable and DTPA-extractable Fe increased also in the salt-treated soils, Fe uptake by the shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased. The effect of added salts in soils on dry matter weight of pepper varied with the soil characteristics, showing different buffer capacities of the soils for salt toxicity in an order of yellow-brown soil ＞ albic soil ＞ yellow-red soil. Fe/Mn ratio in shoots of Capsicum frutescens L. decreased with increasing salt addition for all the soils, which was ascribed to the antagonistic effect of Mn on Fe accumulation. The ratio of Fe/Mn in the tissue was a better indicator of the appearance of Mn toxicity symptoms than Mn concentration alone.

Anti-inflammatory Effect and Mechanism of Characteristic Medicine Baeckea frutescens L. in Guangxi

[Objectives] This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Baeckea frutescence L.in vitro and in vivo.[Methods]The anti-inflammatory activity of B.frutescence was measured by mouse peritoneal capillary permeability test,mouse auricle swelling test and rat cotton granuloma test.The RAW264.7 macrophage model was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and the effects of B.frutescence on tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the relative expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) proteins was detected by Western blot.Thus,the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of B.frutescence was studied.[Results] B.frutescence significantly inhibited mouse peritoneal capillary permeability,inhibited xylene-induced mouse auricle swelling and rat cotton granuloma,significantly inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 levels,and down-regulated the expression of i NOS and COX-2 proteins in cells.[Conclusions]B.frutescence showed good anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo,and the mechanism may be related to the release inhibition of inflammatory factors TNF-α and the regulation of COX-2.

Large scale identification of SSR marker in perilla by next generation sequencing

Perilla frutescens (L.) is an edible, medicinal crop, and most popular in East Asia. Its molecular breeding and research are hampered by the paucity of molecular markers. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are ubiquitous and widely used in eukaryotic genomes. EST-SSRs identification of perilla was performed in 116,387 reads generated by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. In total 25,449 unigenes containing SSR and 33,867 SSR loci were identified, and 19,400 primer pairs were designed. Polymorphism of SSR primers was conducted by searching for insertions and deletions (INDELs), and 1,567 unique SSRs were predicted. Totally, 200 SSR primer pairs were selected for polymorphic validation among 23 perilla accessions. Results showed that 175 primer pairs produced amplicons, and 30 pairs exhibited polymorphism. Polymorphic ratio was higher by using INDEL method than using conventional primers. Phylogenetic analysis showed the 2 distinct groups: P. frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa. Wrinkled leaf trait and seed trait were distinct between these 2 groups. However, no clear leaf color or geographic relationship was detected. The large scale development and identification of SSR marker in this research laid a foundation for genetic analysis and marker assisted breeding of cultivated perilla.

基于网络药理学和UPLC指纹图谱的紫苏质量标志物(Q-Marker)预测

基于UPLC指纹图谱和网络药理学法分析并筛选紫苏潜在质量标志物(Q-Marker)。首先建立15批紫苏叶及14批紫苏梗的指纹图谱,并对不同来源、批次的紫苏叶和紫苏梗中的成分及含量进行比较,标定紫苏不同部位指纹图谱的共有峰和非共有峰;采用网络药理学法构建紫苏“成分-靶点”网络图,并构建靶点蛋白互作网络图,预测紫苏Q-Marker。本研究建立的紫苏不同部位的指纹图谱,共检测到了5种成分,其中迷迭香酸、咖啡酸、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷为叶和梗的共有成分,芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷为紫苏叶特有成分。筛选得到包括MAPK1、PIK3CA等在内的14个核心靶点,对以上靶点进行GO和KEGG功能分析可知涉及肿瘤坏死因子、新冠肺炎、脂质和动脉粥样硬化等通路,最后构建“成分-靶点-通路”网络图,选取排名前4的靶蛋白与4个成分进行分子对接验证,结果显示成分与蛋白之间具有十分良好的结合性能。本实验基于UPLC法建立紫苏不同部位多成分含量测定方法,此方法操作简单、准确度高,可作为紫苏质量检测的参考方法;同时结合网络药理学和分子对接技术预测迷迭香酸、咖啡酸、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷为紫苏潜在质量标志物,以此来评价紫苏“多成分-多靶点-多通路”的协同作用,为紫苏的质量控制提供了理论依据,同时也为后续的紫苏药效物质基础和作用机制提供坚实的基础。

In vivo control of perilla rust disease by oak pyroligneous liquor

Leaves of Perilla frutescens, commonly known as perilla are widely used in Korea, due to their medicinal properties. The rust disease of perilla interrupts its wide use every year. The present study was carried out to evaluate the control of perilla rust disease by using oak pyroligneous liquor having various biological properties. The rust disease infected perilla leaves were applied with 100 μl of oak pyroligneous liquor at different concentrations such as 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/ml. Then the leaf samples were observed for the abortion of active rust pustules (yellow color) after 48 hours of incubation at 26?C. Further, inhibition of rust pustules development by oak pyroligneous liquor was evaluated on the leaves of artificially induced perilla rust disease. The best abortion of rust pustules by oak pyroligneous liquor was noticed at the concentration of 50 μg/ml, where 74.4% of the pustules were aborted. Discoloration of rust pustules was also observed in the treated leaves from yellow to white when compared with the untreated control. In addition, oak pyroligneous liquor completely inhibited the development of rust pustules in artificially induced leaves even at low concentration (6.25 μg/ml). The results clearly indicated that oak pyroligneous liquor is a good candidate for the management of Perilla rust disease.

Effectiveness of Selected Reaction Monitoring for rapid assay of Cypermethrin Residue in Perilla Leaves

Many kinds of pesticides have been developed and used to yield a good harvest but the residues in agricul-tural products cause health problems. It is important to keep watch on these residues by using adequate methods of analysis. Pretreatment such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or column chromatography is often needed for the quantitative analysis of pesticide in agricultural products by conventional methods such as gas chromatography/low resolving power mass spectrometry (GC/LRMS). However, these pretreat-ments need a lot of work and take time. New methods saving the necessity of these pretreatments have been desired. We have applied selected reaction monitoring (SRM) to quantitatively determine cypermethrin residues in Perilla frutescens samples and compared the results with LRMS and HRMS in SIM mode. A background peak caused by the matrix overlapped the cypermethrin peak in the analysis using LRMS. SRM and HRMS in SIM mode provided chromatograms without matrix interference. The high selectivity of the product ion (m/z 127) produced from precursor ion (m/z 163) isolated the target peaks from the matrix peaks when using SRM. This method eliminates the pretreatment step, thus saving time and simplify ing the ana-lytical process.

基于RGB和CIELab预测紫苏叶片花青素含量

为推进富含花青素的紫苏品种选育,指导逆境胁迫下的紫苏生产管理,以紫苏为研究对象,采集田间叶片并使用数码相机拍照,结合红绿蓝色彩空间(red green blue color space,RGB)和CIELab色彩空间(CIELab color space)2种图像色彩分析手段处理图片,与叶片花青素含量进行相关性和显著性分析,筛选出相关系数较高的色彩参数,建立单变量回归反演模型,最终综合建模得到预测效果最优的紫苏叶片花青素含量预测模型。结果表明,在RGB色彩空间中,红光标准化值(normalized redness intensity,NRI)、绿光标准化值(normalized greenness intensity,NGI)与花青素含量呈极显著相关,其中NGI的相关系数大于NRI。当叶片正反面色彩贡献比为2∶1时,NGI与花青素含量的相关性最大,相关系数为0.8532。对比不同模型发现,以NGI为自变量建立的指数模型拟合效果最好,相关系数为0.8381,决定系数(R^(2))达0.7550。在CIELab色彩空间中,红度(a^(*))与花青素含量的相关性最好,且相关系数同样在叶片正反面色彩贡献比为2∶1时达最大,为0.7356。基于a^(*)建立的幂模型拟合效果最好,相关系数和R^(2)分别为0.7438和0.6798。分别使用NGI模型和a^(*)模型对叶片花青素含量进行估测,验证后发现a^(*)模型的预测效果更好,准确性和稳定性更高,因此以a^(*)模型为预测紫苏叶片花青素含量的最优模型。

不同产地紫苏叶HPLC指纹图谱研究

为建立紫苏叶HPLC指纹图谱检测方法,采用HPLC法,以UltimateTMXB-C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)为色谱柱,乙腈(A)-0.1%乙酸(B)为流动相进行线性梯度洗脱,在330nm波长下以迷迭香酸为参照物测定了9个不同产地的紫苏叶的指纹图谱,并作相似度比较分析。建立了紫苏叶HPLC指纹图谱共有模式,12个共有指纹峰被标定,并对不同产地紫苏叶HPLC指纹图谱进行相似度比较,结果具有明显差异。该方法准确、简单,能较好地识别不同产地的紫苏叶样品,可为紫苏的质量评估提供有益的信息。

紫苏内生真菌Aspergillus sp.12Y03化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析等分离方法,从紫苏内生真菌Aspergillus sp.12Y03发酵产物中分离鉴定了10个化合物,经现代光谱学技术鉴定为:环-(脯氨酸-甘氨酸)(1)、环-(脯氨酸-丝氨酸)(2)、环-(丝氨酸-4-OH-脯氨酸)(3)、环-(丙氨酸-4-OH-脯氨酸)(4)、环-(苯丙氨酸-甘氨酸)(5)、环-(丙氨酸-甘氨酸)(6)、亚油酸(7)、α-亚麻酸(8)、cerevisterol(9)和22E,24R-5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8(14),22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(10),均为首次从该菌种中分离得到,化合物3和4具有中等强度的海虾致死活性。

紫苏内生真菌Penicillium sp.12Y25化学成分及抑菌活性研究

【目的】研究紫苏内生真菌Penicilliumsp.12Y25的化学成分及其抑菌活性,为开发新型天然药物提供参考。【方法】以分离自山西太原健康紫苏茎秆的内生真菌为研究对象,采用硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析等分离手段和现代光谱学技术,对其液体发酵产物的乙酸乙酯提取物进行了分离和结构鉴定;采用菌丝速率法,测试了分离化合物对番茄灰霉病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌和小麦赤霉病菌等植物病原菌的抗菌活性。【结果】从紫苏茎秆内生真菌Penicilliumsp.12Y25发酵产物的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为麦角甾醇过氧化物麦角甾-4,6,8,22-四烯-3-酮、9(11)-去氢麦角甾醇过氧化物、22E,24R-7,22-麦角甾二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇、22E,24R-7,22-麦角甾二烯-3β,5α,6β,9α-四醇、麦角甾醇、单油酸甘油酯、α-亚麻酸、对甲氧基苯乙酸和对氨基苯乙酸,均为首次从该菌种中分离得到,其中22E,24R-7,22-麦角甾二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇和22E,24R-7,22-麦角甾二烯-3β,5α,6β,9α-四醇对番茄灰霉菌和西瓜枯萎菌有中等强度的抑制活性。【结论】紫苏内生真菌Penicilliumsp.12Y25化学成分多样,部分化合物具有植物病原菌抗菌活性。

NaCl和NaHCO_3胁迫对紫苏种子萌发的影响

通过研究不同浓度NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫对紫苏种子萌发的影响,探讨紫苏种子的耐盐碱能力。采用单盐胁迫的方法,对种子发芽率、发芽势、相对发芽率、活力指数、复萌率等指标进行了测定分析。结果表明,随NaCl和NaHCO3浓度的增加,种子发芽率、发芽势、相对发芽率、胚根长、苗鲜重呈下降趋势,之间呈显著的负相关关系。NaCl胁迫下紫苏的适宜浓度、半数抑制浓度分别是0～3.583‰、8.312‰;NaHCO3胁迫下紫苏的适宜浓度、半数抑制浓度分别是0～2.513‰、4.656‰;清水复萌试验表明,NaCl胁迫后的复萌率随浓度的增加而增加;NaHCO3胁迫后复萌率为0。综上所述,紫苏种子具有一定的抗耐盐碱能力。