Concentration of α-Linoleic Acid of Perilla Oil by Gradient Cooling Urea Inclusion

In this study, production of ct-linoleic acid concentrated from crude perilla oil by gradient cooling urea inclusion was optimized. The fatty acid composition was determined after ethyl esterification by gas chromatography （GC）. In this process, orthogonal experiment was carried out. Under optimum conditions, the maximum amount of α-linoleic acid （91.5%） was obtained at a urea to fatty acid ratio of 3, a solvent to fatty acids ratio of 7, a reaction temperature of 348 K and a crystallization time of 690 min. A simple method of gradient cooling urea inclusion was used to purify α-linolenic acid by using urea to form inclusion complexes with the saturated and the less unsaturated fatty acids, which enhanced the purity of α-linoleic acid ethyl ester by above 90%.

A New Homogenizing Technology to Obtain Rosmarinic Acid from Perilla Oil Meal

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of the active component, rosmarinic acid, an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, in perilla oil meal for the first time by a new homogenizing technology called smashing tissue extraction (STE). Methods Orthogonal design was used to optimize the extraction condition. The content of rosmarinic acid was quantified from the methanol crude extract with the help of HPLC. Results The optimization of STE process to get rosmarinic acid from the perilla oil meal was the ratio of liquid to solid material at 10:1 and the power of extraction at 150 V, extracting twice (2 min for each time). Conclusion STE could be applied to extracting the active ingredients from the oil meals due to its high extraction efficiency. This new homogenizing technology has advantages on saving extraction time, raising extraction efficiency, and maintaining the temperature sensitive constituents.

Thai Perilla frutescens fruit oil alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicities in rats

Objective:To study the effect of perilla fruit oil against carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats.Methods:Perilla fruit oil was analyzed in terms of fatty acids,tocopherols and tocotrienols using chromatography.Sub-chronic toxicity of perilla fruit oil was investigated in rats for 90 d followed by a 28 d recovery period.Hematological,biochemical and pathological parameters were determined.To evaluate hepatoprotection,rats were divided into five groups and orally administered with Tween 80 for 10 d;Tween 80,silymarin,perilla fruit oil(0.1 mL/200 g)and perilla fruit oil(1 mL/200 g)for 10 d together with subcutaneous injection of CCl4(2 mL/200 g)on days 9 and 10.Liver enzymes and pathological parameters were determined.Results:Perilla fruit oil containedα-linolenic acid(56.55%of total fatty acid),β-tocopherol(49.50 mg/kg)andγ-tocotrienol(43.65 mg/kg).Rats showed significant changes in the percentage of monocytes and platelet indices following perilla fruit oil consumption for 90 d;in the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes,and RBC indices in the recovery period when compared with the deionized water group.Total protein and creatinine levels were increased while alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were decreased(P<0.05).Organ weight index and pathological indicators did not change significantly.The liver of CCl4-induced rats showed remarkable centrilobular fatty changes,which was ameliorated by perilla fruit oil pretreatment.Aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were decreased(P<0.05)in rats given perilla fruit oil.Conclusions:Perilla fruit oil is rich inα-linolenic acid,β-tocopherol andγ-tocotrienol and improves blood biomarker levels and protects against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.Further studies are required before supporting its use for the treatment of hepatitis.

Effects of Inhaled the Cyperi rhizoma and Perillae herba Essential Oil on Emotional States, Autonomic Nervous System and Salivary Biomarker

It is well-known that odor has a good influence on a human mind and body. In this study, we investigated the effect of the essential oil inhalation of Cyperi rhizoma and Perillae herba which were main aromatic herbs ingredient of the Kososan, to psychological condition, autonomic nerve activity and salivary biomarker. In addition, we examined influence by the favorite difference in odor. 25 healthy female volunteers (control group: 5 people;Cyperi rhizoma group: 10 people;Perillae herba group: 10 people) were examined. POMS was examined at PRE and POST the experiment. Pulse analyser was examined and saliva samples were collected before the inhalation, just after the inhalation, 10 minutes and 20 minutes later, respectively. Saliva samples analyzed for levels of α-amylase and cortisol. At the examination for POMS after the experiment, the preference for the odor was confirmed. About both Cyperi rhizoma and Perillae herba, by the essential oil inhalation, mental stability and relaxation effect were provided in psychological and psysiological evaluation. In the “like” group, relaxation was greater than “unlike” group. However, about Cyperi rhizoma, the stress was relaxed regardless of the favorite difference in odor, and a physical relaxation effect was shown. In addition, about the autonomic nerve activity, the parasympathetic nerve was not activated, and it was suggested that it was made and stabilized the balance of the autonomic nerve.

紫苏-乳香-没药挥发油对小鼠创口愈合的促进作用

目的探讨紫苏挥发油与乳香-没药挥发油配伍对小鼠创口愈合的促进作用。方法将ICR小鼠随机分为空白组(CON)、模型组(MOD)、表皮生长因子凝胶组(GEL)、乳香-没药挥发油组(OM,50μL/mL)、紫苏-乳香-没药挥发油组(POM,70μL/mL,V(紫苏挥发油)V(乳香-没药挥发油)=25),除CON组外,其他各组在小鼠背部造一个直径0.8 cm的开放圆形创口。除MOD组外,每只小鼠涂药1次/d,连续14 d,观察小鼠创口愈合情况、病理组织形态,比较3、7、14 d小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达情况。结果POM组小鼠创口愈合率大于OM组,且显著高于MOD组(P<0.05);组织病理学检查显示,POM组创口恢复情况优于MOD组;创后3 d,POM组小鼠血清中TNF-α和IL-6水平显著低于MOD组(P<0.05)。结论紫苏-乳香-没药挥发油能减少创口前期炎症反应,促进小鼠创口愈合。

含紫苏油的肿瘤专用型肠内营养制剂对肺癌小鼠营养状况、免疫功能和肿瘤生长的影响

目的探讨含紫苏油肿瘤专用型肠内营养制剂对肺癌小鼠营养状况、免疫功能、肿瘤生长的影响。方法采用NCI-H460肺癌细胞右前肢肩部皮下接种方法构建肺癌小鼠模型。将成模小鼠随机分为模型组、普通肠内营养组、紫苏油肠内营养组,每组10只。普通肠内营养组给予普通肠内营养制剂灌胃,紫苏油肠内营养组给予含紫苏油肿瘤专用型肠内营养制剂灌胃,模型组仅自由进食饮水,持续干预4周。实验过程中每3 d测量1次小鼠的体重和肿瘤大小,计算肿瘤体积;实验结束时,取小鼠静脉血,检测血清营养相关指标[前白蛋白(PAB)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]和免疫相关指标[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)]水平;取肝脏,检测肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)含量;摘取肿瘤并称重,流式细胞术检测肿瘤组织中细胞周期,HE染色观察肿瘤细胞凋亡情况。结果与模型组和普通肠内营养组比较,紫苏油肠内营养组小鼠体重明显增加(P均<0.05),血清PAB、TP、ALB、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、IgA、IgM、IgE、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α水平及肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px含量均明显升高(P均<0.05),血清TGF-β水平及肝组织中MDA含量均明显降低(P均<0.05),肿瘤体积明显缩小(P均<0.05),瘤重减轻(P均<0.05),肿瘤组织细胞周期受到抑制,肿瘤细胞凋亡。结论含紫苏油的肿瘤专用型肠内营养制剂可改善肺癌小鼠营养状况,增强小鼠机体免疫力,减轻肝脏氧化应激,抑制皮下肿瘤的生长。

GC-MS analysis of volatile compounds of Perilla frutescens Britton var. Japonica accessions: morphological and seasonal variability

Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perilla frutescens(P. frutescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone(PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin(PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown(PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine(PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown(PMU) type, perilla ketone, elemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene(PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, betacryophyllene, myristicin(L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion:The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.

Development and Characterization of New Microsatellite Markers for <i>Perilla frutescens</i>(L.) Britton

Based on RNA sequences using transcriptome analysis, 37 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer sets were developed for Perilla species. These new SSR markers were applied to analyze the genetic diversity among 15 accessions of Perilla species. A total of 182 alleles were confirmed in 37 loci, with an average of 4.9 alleles per locus and from 2 to 9 alleles per locus. The MAF (major allele frequency) per locus varied from 0.200 to 0.733, with an average of 0.463. The gene diversity (GD) ranged from 0.391 to 0.853, with an average of 0.670. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.624, ranging from 0.315 to 0.838. The new SSR markers of Perilla species reported in this study may provide potential markers to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationships of Perilla species. In addition, new Perilla SSR markers developed from transcriptome analysis can be useful for the identification of cultivars, conservation of Perilla germplasm resources, and genetic mapping and designating of important genes/QTLs for future Perilla crop breeding programs.

张家口种植紫苏叶中总挥发油成分的提取及含量测定

目的:用高效液相色谱法分别测定市场销售的紫苏叶和河北北方学院百草园种植的紫苏叶中紫苏醛的含量,并计算总挥发油含量,通过比较总挥发油的含量评价我校百草园种植的紫苏叶是否达到市售标准。方法:用加热回流法,20倍无水乙醇,于85℃水浴中加热回流1 h,分别提取两种紫苏叶中总挥发油成分。以紫苏醛为对照品,采用HPLC法测定总挥发油中紫苏醛的含量,计算得出两组紫苏叶中总挥发油的含量。结果:由紫苏醛对照品的线性关系回归方程计算得出,市场销售的紫苏叶中紫苏醛的含量为0.109%,总挥发油的含量为1.162%,河北北方学院种植的紫苏叶中紫苏醛的含量为0.102%,总挥发油的含量为1.090%。结论:河北北方学院百草园种植紫苏叶的挥发油含量虽然略低于市场销售的紫苏叶,但也已经达到了市场销售的标准。

基于Box-Behnken响应面法优化紫苏叶挥发油提取工艺的研究

目的 优化紫苏叶挥发油的提取工艺。方法 以料液比、浸泡时间、加热时间为考察因素,紫苏叶挥发油提取率和紫苏醛含量为评价指标,利用单因素试验及Box-Behnken响应面法优化紫苏叶挥发油的提取工艺。结果 优选的紫苏叶挥发油提取工艺:前处理方法为剪碎,料液比1∶17,浸泡时间0.70 h,加热时间2 h。该条件下得到紫苏叶挥发油提取率与紫苏醛含量均较高。结论 本研究通过响应面分析法将紫苏叶挥发油提取率与紫苏醛含量结合起来,分析两个评价指标与多个考察因素间的回归关系,选择出最优提取工艺,为紫苏叶挥发油的进一步开发提供参考。

紫苏精油壳聚糖复合膜的制备及其对鲜切雪莲果的保鲜效果研究

以壳聚糖为基底液,加入紫苏精油等物质,利用溶液共混法制成可食性复合膜。研究紫苏精油添加量对复合膜性能的影响,并比较各复合膜对鲜切雪莲果的保鲜效果。结果表明:随着紫苏精油添加量的增加,复合膜的厚度、不透明度增加,水蒸气透过率、吸水率减小,复合膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、水溶性先增大后减小,O_(2)透过率、CO_(2)透过率先减小后增加。紫苏精油壳聚糖复合膜可维持雪莲果较好的感官品质,延长其货架期。

紫苏叶精油微胶囊的工艺优化及稳定性研究

采用单凝聚法制备了紫苏叶精油微胶囊(PO/GE),优化了其制备工艺,考察了相关稳定性指标.采用明胶(GE)为壁材,以紫苏叶精油(Perilla Oil,PO)为芯材,以包埋率为指标,根据单因素试验结果,基于Box-Behnken中心组合设计和响应面法,建立二次多项式回归方程预测模型,得到最佳的工艺条件为:芯壁质量比为1.5∶1、单凝聚时间为63.9 min、单凝聚温度为39.1℃、反应pH值为3.6.以上优化条件制备的紫苏叶精油微胶囊形貌完整,包埋率理论值可达90.1%,常温和加温时较未包裹精油稳定性增加.

紫苏精油对热带假丝酵母和克鲁维尔毕赤酵母的抑制及机制研究

控制泡菜发酵过程中的“生花”现象一直是发酵蔬菜产业迫切需要解决的重要问题。紫苏精油因含有天然的生物活性化合物而具有广谱抑菌性,在食品防腐中应用广泛。本研究测定了紫苏精油中的主要成分并分析其对发酵蔬菜-四川泡菜中产膜璞微生物热带假丝酵母和克鲁维尔毕赤酵母的抗菌活性。通过观察细胞形态、细胞膜完整性、胞内蛋白质的泄露、细胞膜电位的变化来探究了紫苏精油的抑菌机理,同时还测定了其对四川泡菜风味的影响。结果表明:紫苏精油不仅能抑制四川泡菜产膜璞微生物的生长,更能赋予发酵蔬菜风味。紫苏精油对产膜璞Candida tropicalis SH1和Pichia kluyveri SH2均有较强的抑制活性,MIC均为0.4μL/mL,MFC分别为1.6和0.8μL/mL。在最小抑菌浓度MIC和最小杀菌浓度MFC紫苏精油作用下,可明显改变Candida tropicalis SH1和Pichia kluyveri SH2细胞的形态,破坏膜的完整性,使膜电位与细胞内蛋白质浓度明显降低。该研究结果为构建及优化发酵蔬菜防腐方法提供科学依据和理论指导。

紫苏籽油微胶囊的制备及理化指标

为了保护紫苏籽油中多不饱和脂肪酸的生物活性,扩大紫苏籽油的应用范围,以阿拉伯胶和β-环糊精(β-CD)为壁材,通过喷雾干燥法制备微胶囊,研究该微胶囊的理化指标。结果表明,紫苏籽油微胶囊含水量2.17%,堆积密度0.43 g/cm^(3),休止角36.27°,溶解度74.65%,具有较好的溶解性能;粒径大小合适,平均直径17.52μm,不会产生吞咽感,包埋率86.52%。微胶囊紫苏籽油中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量70.85%,与未微胶囊化紫苏籽油无显著差异(P>0.05),说明喷雾干燥法未破坏紫苏籽油的营养成分。微胶囊在92.85℃产生玻璃态转变,说明日常的温度处理不会破坏微胶囊的表面结构。随着热处理时间的增加,微胶囊过氧化物值(POV)和巴比妥酸值(TBA)上升速度显著低于紫苏籽油(P<0.05),说明微胶囊贮藏稳定性更好。由此可知,该紫苏籽油微胶囊可以添加到热饮品中,尤其是婴幼儿配方乳粉,具有非常广阔的应用前景。

中药紫苏叶挥发油提取和挥发油成分研究

以紫苏Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt.为研究材料,对比了不同含水量、不同部位、不同采收期及不同产地对紫苏中挥发油含量的影响,并通过GC-MS对不同产地紫苏叶挥发油中的主要化学成分进行了分析鉴定。结果表明含水量75%的紫苏叶样品中挥发油含量最高,为1.125%mL/g,自然阴干的紫苏叶中挥发油含量显著高于(60℃)低温烘干。紫苏植株中的挥发油主要存在于紫苏叶,紫苏叶的最佳采收期为8月中下旬,8月15日所采紫苏叶挥发油总含量最高,可达22147.57 mL/hm^(2)。不同产地紫苏叶挥发油含量均符合2020版《中华人民共和国药典》要求,产地以广西和重庆较佳。其中广西桂林1号样品挥发油含量最高,为0.75%mL/g。紫苏叶挥发油中含量较高的化学成分为紫苏醛、石竹烯、2,6-二甲基-6-(4-甲基-3-戊烯基)双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯、右旋萜二烯。紫苏叶挥发油适合趁鲜提取,干燥方法以自然阴干较优。紫苏植株的挥发油主要分布在紫苏叶中。

探析气相色谱质谱法测定紫苏油中的植物甾醇

植物甾醇具有抗氧化、抗炎症和预防心血管疾病等功能。本文采用气相色谱质谱法对紫苏油进行了内标法定量分析。测定结果表明,紫苏油中含有丰富的植物甾醇,可以有效保障人体健康。

基于HS-SPME-GC-MS分析紫苏挥发油及其包合物挥发性成分

目的:运用顶空-固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析紫苏挥发油及其两种环糊精包合物中主要挥发性成分,并比较其成分与相对含量差异。方法:水蒸气蒸馏法提取紫苏挥发油,采用饱和水溶液法制备其β-环糊精(β-CD)及羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)包合物,通过HS-SPME提取挥发性成分后利用GC-MS对其挥发性成分进行分析。结果:紫苏挥发油中共鉴定出11个主要成分,占挥发油总量的89.15%,采用β-CD与HP-β-CD制备的紫苏挥发油包合物中分别鉴定出7个和10个主要挥发性成分,分别占总峰面积的74.20%和94.94%,主要成分紫苏醛的相对含量在β-CD与HP-β-CD包合物中分别增加至52.13%和78.78%。结论:运用HS-SPME-GC-MS揭示了β-CD与HP-β-CD包合的紫苏挥发油成分及相对含量具有一定差异,挥发油中的成分被选择性的包合,其中HP-β-CD对紫苏挥发油成分的综合包合效果更好。研究结果为紫苏挥发油在环糊精类包材的选择及包合效果评价提供有益参考。

紫苏叶中生物活性成分药理作用研究进展

紫苏是唇形科一年生草本植物,是典型的药食同源植物。国内外学者在紫苏作为药物及食品应用的研究上,发现紫苏叶通过不同处理方法获得的紫苏叶提取物中含有广泛的生物活性物质,具有明显的抗肿瘤,抗氧化等功效。通过对紫苏叶中生理活性物质的各功效进行研究,将紫苏叶中不同生物活性物质及药理作用功能功效进行总结综述,为紫苏的未来发展及开发利用提供参考价值。

紫苏叶精油提取及其成分分析研究进展

紫苏在我国资源丰富且成本低,其中紫苏叶在药用及香料领域得到了广泛应用,精油是其主要功能成分之一,它富含多种活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗菌、防腐等多种功效,有巨大的开发潜力。由于紫苏叶精油功效作用的发挥与其化学成分密切相关,系统分析了相关文献,对紫苏叶精油的提取工艺、分析方法、化学组成及化学型进行了归纳总结,以期为今后不同类型的紫苏叶精油深入开发和应用研究提供有价值的参考。

紫苏、香附及其药对挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取紫苏、香附和紫苏-香附药对挥发油,GC-MS联用技术分析,峰面积归一化法计算其相对百分含量。紫苏挥发油主要成分为α-蒎烯、(-)-α-荜澄茄油烯等51种成分;香附挥发油主要成分为石竹烯、β-瑟林烯等63种成分;药对紫苏-香附挥发油主要成分为α-香附酮、氧化石竹烯等51种成分,药对挥发油化学成分中发现24种成分来源于各自单味药成分的叠加,但27种成分不存在于单提的挥发油中。