Study on the Factors of Kunming Temple Garden in the Period of Ming and Qing Dynasties

Being based on preliminary study of Kunming famous temples during the Ming and Qing dynasties,field investigation was carried out about the framework of landscape,layout of waters,characteristic of structure and plant furnishing in Tanhua temple,Black Dragon Pool,Masijid of Shuncheng,Haiyuan temple and Golden Shrine which are famous temple garden in Kunming. A simple interpretation was drawn of artistic characteristics on temple garden in Kunming during the Ming and Qing dynasties via analytical investigation on many factors which influenced the development of garden of Dynasties of Ming and Qing. Then we have reviewed the elemental traits of temple garden built at that time,put forward some constructive suggestions on how to protect and develop those temple garden now still exist in Kunming.

Social Classes and Cultural Connotations of Yangzhou Home Gardens during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.

CHINESE LADY'S DAILY WEAR IN LATE QING DYNASTY AND EARLY REPUBLIC PERIOD

The goal of this research is to describe and analyze women’s wear in the late Qing Dynasty andearly Republic Period(late 19th c.—early 20th c.),with an emphasis on the daily informal orsemi-formal wear,though some formal or ceremonial costumes such as wedding dress will also beincluded.This study will use Chinese costumes and textiles from many museums to fill in theblanks left by previous research and to give a more detailed and accurate description.It will alsouse historical documents to find the original names of these items and to illustrate a general conceptof their usage on different occasions.The different categories of women’s wear will be described in the following order:①robes orcoats;②jackets;③waistcoats or vests;④skirts;⑤pants and leggings;⑥shoes and socks;⑦headdresses;and⑧others.Of every category,the textiles,decoration,cut,form,style,colourand motif will be discussed.The way in which these items were combined will also be discussed.The comparison between women’s wear and men’s wear,women’s and children’s informal andformal dress will be given.Here are some tentative conclusions.First,the Manchu and Han style coexisted and mixedwith each other and were worn by both Manchu and Han women.Second,the basic silhouettesand cuts were relatively stable and conventional,while the decorations and details(openings,fasten-ings,pleats,vents,collars and hemlines)were different.The former represented accepted socialstandards while the latter could be a matter of personal taste.Third,women’s wear in that periodwere highly stylized,miscellaneous,elaborate,detailed,multicolored and multi-thematic.

An Elementary Study of the Unearthed Mathematics Book, Suanshu Shu

The transcription of the Suanshu Shu算數書(a bamboo book of mathematics)in simplified Chinese characters offers a new opportunity to explore the history of Chinese mathematics in ancient times.This paper analyzes the style and structure of the Suanshu Shu and makes comparisons with the Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures and a number of other texts in various social contexts.It will be shown that the Suanshu Shu was compiled from at least two sources,and that no direct textual interplay exists between the Suanshu Shu and the Nine Chapters,although both share the same origins in the Pre-Qin period when the major mathematical methods in the Nine Chapters came into being.It will also be shown that the Suanshu Shu was accomplished with the methods used in certain mathematical books in the Pre-Qin period or their results,which later led to the Nine Chapters,and by accommodating the actual conditions of the lower government administration.The Suanshu Shu is significant for establishing the evolution of algorithmic mathematics from the Warring States period to the Han dynasty.

Preliminary Analysis of Tectonic Deformation Phenomena in Some Archaeological Sites in Shandong Province

Earthquake archaeological research was conducted in recent years at four archaeological excavation sites in Shandong,focusing on the identification and analysis of the tectonic deformation phenomena. The non-tectonic deformation phenomena were distinguished at the site of the Shang Dynasty ruins at Daxinzhuang in the Jinan suburbs. In Longshan,sand vein-filled cracks were recognized in the cultural layers of the Chengziya site,Zhangqiu City. Sand veins on the trench wall and sand tubes at the trench bottom were found densely distributed at the Shang and Zhou Dynasty cultural layers,at Qinhuangtai site,Binzhou City. The tectonic and non-tectonic origin cracks were identified on the city wall of the Site of Capital of State Qi,Linzi City. In Rizhao city,parallel distributed sand vein fracture groups were found in the cultural layer of Longshan-Warring States-Han Dynasty at Yaowangcheng site. Typical conjugate shear fractures were identified on the city wall of the ancient city of the State of Xue, Tengzhou City. The above natural deformation phenomena are concentrated in the culture layers of the Spring and AutumnWarring States-Han Dynasties and before, and characterized by seismic sand-soil liquefaction traces,which indicate that these regions might have been in the seismic active episodes in the corresponding periods. The above inference has been confirmed by microscopic data analysis.

晚清民国常武地区针灸医家挖掘和整理

晚清至民国时期,在常武地区,以费、马、巢、丁为代表的孟河医派,在中医的发展史上留下过浓墨重彩的一笔,这四大医家均是以内外科而闻名于世。在同时期,常武地区同样走出了很多著名的针灸医家。文章通过整理和发掘,回溯常武地区走出的针灸医家的故事,研究其对针灸发展的主要贡献,丰富常武地区针灸学术史。

河南禹州阎寨遗址新莽时期墓葬发掘简报

2018年,河南大学历史文化学院在禹州市阎寨遗址发掘汉代墓葬6座。其中,M5和M7两座新莽时期墓葬形制较为特殊,所见随葬品组合及葬俗特征鲜明,双墓室四人合葬、海蓝宝石珠等在河南地区尚不多见,为了解新莽时期豫中地区的葬俗与社会增加了新的实物资料。

郭嗣本与唐贞观时期北疆经营探究

郭嗣本墓志近年出土于陕西西安,由陕西省考古研究院发掘。郭嗣本墓志记载了郭嗣本家族的相关情况以及其相关仕宦。郭嗣本在传世史书中记载有限,墓志的出土为人们提供了大量的资料,对于研究郭嗣本的仕宦以及唐初史事都起到了补遗的作用,特别是郭嗣本曾参与了唐初与突厥的战争和交往等,对于研究唐初与突厥的关系也起到作用,志文还记载了郭嗣本曾担任鸿胪寺卿,对于了解和认识唐初的对外交往等方面也起到了积极作用。

《清代四川南部县衙门档案》俗语词考释五则

《清代四川南部县衙门档案》被称为“一座内容极其丰富的地方文献宝库”,内容丰富,但存有较多的俗语词,给读者的阅读和学者的研究带来一定的障碍。根据传世文献,结合语境,对其中五则俗语词进行考释,得出释义。“耗伐”即“砍伐损害”,“弹收”即“验收”,“向问”即“询问、理论、指责”,“压佃钱”即“租借时所付的作抵押用的钱,俗称押金”,“战哨船只”即“战船和哨船,分别用于作战打仗和警戒巡逻”。

中原地区战国至西汉墓葬出土陶釜研究

本文通过系统聚类分析方法,对中原地区战国至西汉墓葬出土的陶釜进行了类型学研究,认为战国中期陶釜以一种特殊葬俗的形式出现在郑州地区,战国晚期开始陶釜迅速发展,分布范围变广,数量和类型明显增多,包含有郑韩文化、晋文化和秦文化三大系统。进入汉代,陶釜数量急剧减少,类型单一。陶釜在中原地区的发展历程与秦文化有密切的关系。

明清之际文化转型中的经世实学——兼谈《虚实之辨:颜元的问题意识及其哲学展开》一书的新探索

17世纪中叶,亦即通常所说的明清之际,中国思想文化史上出现了顾炎武、黄宗羲、王夫之、方以智、李颙、傅山、颜元等一大批极富批判个性的思想家。他们对中国古代后期封建宗法社会君权政治及其思想意识形态进行了总体性的批判与重构,开启了封建文化内部的自我批判与时代转型。颜元实学思想是这一时期思想文化史上的一枝奇葩。

商周春秋语言演变探略

语言演变与社会发展密切相关,春秋时“礼坏乐崩”,官府之学走向民间导致了春秋雅言取代商周古文的汉语语体第一次变革。《今文尚书》中不少词语是商周古文,春秋后罕用,反映了商周时期的语言面貌,具有上承商周下启秦汉的过渡性,从中或多或少可见商周与春秋后汉语的演变。

古代农业帝国兴衰周期律ABM仿真研究——国家兴衰动力学的模型探索

在农业帝国时期,周期律曾经长期地存在,呈现稳健的历史规律。关于导致这种规律的动力学机制,学术界一直好奇、但长期缺乏有效的方法。尽管存在很多理论分析,但难以被数学、模型支撑。基于历史数据的定量分析具有静态性,无法呈现动态演化全过程,本文使用智能体仿真模拟(ABM)方法,以弥补上述方法的不足。秉承历史唯物主义,从科学模型与实证验证角度,揭示此宏观系统规律背后的微观与宏观动力学机制,并通过模拟联通两个层面。基于虎(帝国敌人)、狼(统治阶级)、羊(农民阶级)、草(农业土地)四类智能体,构建国家(社会)有机体的静态系统结构。通过机制设计,赋予智能体自主的行动、互动的能力,实时记录宏观系统层面的状态结果。结果表明,ABM模拟的最优解,能够高度拟合、全程反演从秦汉到明清2132年的国家兴衰大历史轨迹。基于ABM的国家兴衰动力学模型,在当代仍然有镜鉴价值,在国家治理现代化、大国竞争对手预测、特定地区态势预测方面,具有重要应用价值。

鄂省报刊与清末农业改良运动的兴起——以《湖北学生界》《汉口中西报》和《湖北农会报》为中心的考察

在清末传统农业日益凋敝的背景下,《湖北学生界》《汉口中西报》和《湖北农会报》凭借特点鲜明的农业改良话语,成为鄂省颇具代表性的报刊。它们关注时代变革,通过多维度的宣传,引导国人投身农业改良。为了推动农业改良的合理施行,报刊大胆探索,提出各种有利于农业发展的新策略。针对农业改良中的现实问题或不足之处,报刊还提出了富有建设性的意见。另外,通过对近代农学理论和农业实用技术的传播,增强了国人改良农业的信心和能力。鄂省报刊的舆论宣传,有力地推动了清末农业改良运动的兴起。

肇建与重修:明代高阳文庙丛考——以河北省社会科学院所藏高阳碑刻拓片为中心

明代地方府、州、县学,又称为庙学,其兴废盛衰是衡量当时某地文教科举发展的一个重要指标。河北省社科院所藏高阳碑刻拓片中与明代文庙有关者有12通,其中标题直接标识文庙重修者有4通。通过这些碑刻并结合其他典籍和碑刻资料可知,高阳文庙肇建于洪武三年(1370年)的说法是错误的,其至晚可追溯至宋元时期。自洪武三年易址重建后,各时期重修不辍,但分布并不均衡,主要集中于明万历年间。这与该地当时文教和科举之盛呈正相关,并相互促进。

明治日本海运兴国的源流与实务

19世纪中后期到20世纪初期,是日本全方位向西方学习,走上近代化道路的关键时期。幕末以来,以本多利明为代表的思想家主张发展海洋事业,实现“海外雄飞”。明治维新之后,日本政府确立了“海运立国”的方针,在实践中走出一条优先发展海运业、进而带动其他产业发展的“海运兴国”之路。为大力发展海运业,明治政府采取了一系列措施:推动海运会社的成立、主导大型会社的重组、投入大量资金对海运会社和特定航路进行补助、制定各项鼓励海运发展的法律法规等。海运业保障了日本近代纺织业的腾飞,也大大促进了造船业、制铁业的快速进步,还带动了保险、金融、海员教育等其他产业的发展。海运成为明治日本“兴业”的保证、“富国”的手段、“强兵”的要因。但值得注意的是,这条“海运兴国”之路也伴随着日本的对外扩张,具有侵略性。

家国之间:抗战时期内迁民间戏班的生存之道——以厉家班为例

抗战时期,民间戏曲班社云集于西南大后方。民间戏班既要进行商演以谋取生存,亦要为抗日救亡而进行公(义)演。如何协调好二者的关系,是民间戏班需要面对的重要命题。厉家班在内迁过程中,虽屡历险境,仍然以极大的热情参与各种抗战义演活动,创编新剧鼓舞民众,并有意识地将宣传与募捐融入舞台表演,体现出深沉的家国情怀。厉家班在烽火中逆势发展,得力于厉家班“严”字当头的治班制度、科学的教育理念以及班主的社会活动能力。厉家班的生命轨迹,已然超越个体戏班的价值,而成为观照战时中国民间戏剧团体命运的典型符号。

大历年间岑参诗歌创作的转变与价值

岑参作为盛唐气象的代表诗人,大历入蜀后诗风从壮丽豪迈转向切实平淡,情绪从激昂高亢转向忧郁低迷,在描写对象的选取和对现实的关注上也有了新的拓展。岑参大历年间诗风的鲜明转变,与安史之乱后政局动荡及自身仕隐矛盾密切相关,不仅反映了岑参晚年的行迹、思想,更可见其创作成熟后的审美转变,并对后来大历诗人群的创作产生一定的影响。

论《会昌一品集》的编订与宣宗朝初年政治格局之关系

李德裕在唐宣宗大中元年编成《会昌一品集》,除了深具史识的因素以外,最直接的编集动机,是他对唐宣宗君臣“务反会昌之政”的不满。李德裕之所以对《会昌一品集》十分重视,并非出于文学艺术层面的考量,其实质是对文集中所收大量制诰的看重。制诰文体最能满足李德裕“润色鸿业”的创作期待心理。加之会昌制诰是李德裕以宰相身份创作的,可视为他本人相业的直接记录。因此,李德裕通过编订文集的方式来保存会昌政绩,彰显自己的相业,从而在唐宣宗初年“务反会昌之政”的氛围下,委婉地达成对唐宣宗君臣的“反抗”。

清朝统一多民族国家的建构:以宫廷南疆匠役、艺人为考察中心

新疆自古以来就是四方文明竞逐、多元文化碰撞融会之地,形成了独具特色的文化艺术风格。清乾隆时期统一新疆以后,一批批拥有独特技艺的南疆回人,包括金银匠、玉匠、画匠、编织匠、乐舞艺人、求雨祈晴人等陆续由南疆被选送至京城。清朝对包括南疆回人在内的各民族工匠、艺人的招纳和重用,塑造了清代宫廷文化的多民族属性,是有清一代物质文化交流与民族融合的缩影。他们做成的器物和参与的各类宫廷活动,也以文化符号的方式,生动展现了清代统一多民族国家的形成和发展。