Objective:In today’s world with sweeping changes,nurses are responsible for providing high-quality and cost-benefit care,which would almost be impossible unless they achieve their high professional status.To date,no ...Objective:In today’s world with sweeping changes,nurses are responsible for providing high-quality and cost-benefit care,which would almost be impossible unless they achieve their high professional status.To date,no precise and comprehensive definition of professionalism in nursing has been evidently proposed.In fact,many of the previously proposed definitions are either complicated or ambiguous.Moreover,there is no consensus in the literature on an exhaustive definition for“a professional nurse.”The present study aimed to illustrate the concept of professionalism in nursing and identify its defining characteristics.Methods:In this study,concept analysis was conducted using Whittemore et al.’s method for the integrated review.A comprehensive search of electronic,scientific databases including Eric,PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,EBSCO,PsychoINFO,Embass,MagIran,IranDoc,SID,and IRANMEDEX was carried out using the keywords such as professionalism,professional behavior,nursing professionalism(NP),professional attribute,and nursing.Results:In the present study,a comprehensive search of 11 electronic databases retrieved 5738 articles.Then,2837 duplicate articles were removed by endnote(version 8).Based on a preliminary examination of the titles and abstracts as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria,1517 articles were excluded.In addition,137 articles were removed for scientific reasons.Finally,52 articles in English and Persian were selected.Content analysis of the articles revealed four major themes,namely,individual prerequisite,professional prerequisite,appropriate structure,and socio-individual factors.Conclusions:Professionalism in nursing is a major,multidimensional concept according to the literature that included individual prerequisites,professional prerequisites,appropriate structures,and socio-individual factors.In fact,professionalism in nursing comprises a wide range of personal characteristics,self-regulation,professional values,striving to acquire and enhance professional expertise,professional interactions,social,professional,and legal responsibility,and creation of a sense of belonging,and professional development.展开更多
The Peiligang culture(ca.7000–5000 cal BC)is the earliest Neolithic culture in the middle Yellow River valley and represents the emergence of cereal farming in the region[1].It has long been considered representative...The Peiligang culture(ca.7000–5000 cal BC)is the earliest Neolithic culture in the middle Yellow River valley and represents the emergence of cereal farming in the region[1].It has long been considered representative of millet farming[2],which requires a dry field,a certain amount of rainfall,and minimal crop management,but new records reveal that mixed farming of millet and rice(Oryza sp.)took place during this period[3].Therefore,it is possible展开更多
文摘Objective:In today’s world with sweeping changes,nurses are responsible for providing high-quality and cost-benefit care,which would almost be impossible unless they achieve their high professional status.To date,no precise and comprehensive definition of professionalism in nursing has been evidently proposed.In fact,many of the previously proposed definitions are either complicated or ambiguous.Moreover,there is no consensus in the literature on an exhaustive definition for“a professional nurse.”The present study aimed to illustrate the concept of professionalism in nursing and identify its defining characteristics.Methods:In this study,concept analysis was conducted using Whittemore et al.’s method for the integrated review.A comprehensive search of electronic,scientific databases including Eric,PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,EBSCO,PsychoINFO,Embass,MagIran,IranDoc,SID,and IRANMEDEX was carried out using the keywords such as professionalism,professional behavior,nursing professionalism(NP),professional attribute,and nursing.Results:In the present study,a comprehensive search of 11 electronic databases retrieved 5738 articles.Then,2837 duplicate articles were removed by endnote(version 8).Based on a preliminary examination of the titles and abstracts as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria,1517 articles were excluded.In addition,137 articles were removed for scientific reasons.Finally,52 articles in English and Persian were selected.Content analysis of the articles revealed four major themes,namely,individual prerequisite,professional prerequisite,appropriate structure,and socio-individual factors.Conclusions:Professionalism in nursing is a major,multidimensional concept according to the literature that included individual prerequisites,professional prerequisites,appropriate structures,and socio-individual factors.In fact,professionalism in nursing comprises a wide range of personal characteristics,self-regulation,professional values,striving to acquire and enhance professional expertise,professional interactions,social,professional,and legal responsibility,and creation of a sense of belonging,and professional development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41230104 and 41701233)the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB953803)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M601124)the ‘‘Macroevolutionary Processes and Paleoenvironments of Major Historical Biota” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDPB05)
文摘The Peiligang culture(ca.7000–5000 cal BC)is the earliest Neolithic culture in the middle Yellow River valley and represents the emergence of cereal farming in the region[1].It has long been considered representative of millet farming[2],which requires a dry field,a certain amount of rainfall,and minimal crop management,but new records reveal that mixed farming of millet and rice(Oryza sp.)took place during this period[3].Therefore,it is possible
