Clinical analysis of central venous catheter-related infections in patients in the emergency ICU

BACKGROUND:Catheter-related infection(CRI)of the central vein is a common cause of nosocomial infection.This study was undertaken to investigate the pathogen culturing and risk factors of CRI in emergency intensive care unit(EICU)in order to provide the beneficial reference.METHODS:From January 2008 to December 2010,a total of 1 363 patients were subjected to catheterization.In these patients,the peak CRI rate of the patients was determined by bacterial cultivation and blood bacterial cultivation.RESULTS:CRI happened in 147 of the 1 363 patients using the central venous catheter.The peak rate of CRI was 10.79%,with an incidence of 3.05 episodes per 1 000 catheter days.Of the147 patients,46.94%had gram-negative bacilli,40.14%had gram-positive cocci,and 12.92%had fungi.Unconditional logistic regression analysis suggests that multiple catheterization,femoral vein catheterization,the application of multicavity catheter,and the duration of catheterization were the independent risk factors for CRI.CONCLUSION:The risk factors for catheter-related infections should be controlled to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

Focus on peripherally inserted central catheters in critically ill patients

Venous access devices are of pivotal importance for an increasing number of critically ill patients in a variety of disease states and in a variety of clinical settings(emergency, intensive care, surgery) and for different purposes(fluids or drugs infusions, parenteral nutrition, antibiotic therapy, hemodynamic monitoring, procedures of dialysis/apheresis). However, healthcare professionals are commonly worried about the possible consequences that may result using a central venous access device(CVAD)(mainly, bloodstream infections and thrombosis), both peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs) and centrally inserted central catheters(CICCs). This review aims to discuss indications, insertion techniques, and care of PICCs in critically ill patients. PICCs have many advantages over standard CICCs. First of all, their insertion is easy and safe-due to their placement into peripheral veins of the armand the advantage of a central location of catheter tip suitable for all osmolarity and p H solutions. Using the ultrasound-guidance for the PICC insertion, the risk of hemothorax and pneumothorax can be avoided, as wellas the possibility of primary malposition is very low. PICC placement is also appropriate to avoid post-procedural hemorrhage in patients with an abnormal coagulative state who need a CVAD. Some limits previously ascribed to PICCs(i.e., low flow rates, difficult central venous pressure monitoring, lack of safety for radio-diagnostic procedures, single-lumen) have delayed their start up in the intensive care units as common practice. Though, the recent development of power-injectable PICCs overcomes these technical limitations and PICCs have started to spread in critical care settings. Two important take-home messages may be drawn from this review. First, the incidence of complications varies depending on venous accesses and healthcare professionals should be aware of the different clinical performance as well as of the different risks associated with each type of CVAD(CICCs or PICCs). Second, an inappropriate CVAD choice and, particularly, an inadequate insertion technique are relevant-and often not recognized-potential risk factors for complications in critically ill patients. We strongly believe that all healthcare professionals involved in the choice, insertion or management of CVADs in critically ill patients should know all potential risk factors of complications. This knowledge may minimize complications and guarantee longevity to the CVAD optimizing the risk/benefit ratio of CVAD insertion and use. Proper management of CVADs in critical care saves lines and lives. Much evidence from the medical literature and from the clinical practice supports our belief that, compared to CICCs, the so-called power-injectable peripherally inserted central catheters are a good alternative choice in critical care.

Upper body peripherally inserted central catheter in pediatric single ventricle patients

BACKGROUND There is risk of stenosis and thrombosis of the superior vena cava after upper extremity central catheter replacement.This complication is more serious among patients with single ventricle physiology,as it might preclude them from undergoing further life-sustaining palliative surgery.AIM To describe complications associated with the use of upper extremity percutaneous intravenous central catheters(PICCs)in children with single ventricle physiology.METHODS A single institution retrospective review of univentricular patients who underwent superior cavopulmonary anastomoses as their stage 2 palliation procedure from January 2014 until December 2018 and had upper body PICCs placed at any point prior to this procedure.Clinical data including ultrasonography,cardiac catheterization,echocardiogram reports and patient notes were used to determine the presence of thrombus or stenosis of the upper extremity and cervical vessels.Data regarding the presence and duration of upper extremity PICCs and upper extremity central venous catheter(CVC),and use of anticoagulation were recorded.RESULTS Seventy-six patients underwent superior cavopulmonary anastomoses,of which 56(73%)had an upper extremity PICC at some point prior to this procedure.Median duration of PICC usage was 24 d(25%,75%:12,39).Seventeen patients(30%)with PICCs also had internal jugular or subclavian central venous catheters(CVCs)in place at some point prior to their superior cavopulmonary anastomoses,median duration 10 d(25%,75%:8,14).Thrombus was detected in association with 2 of the 56 PICCs(4%)and 3 of the 17 CVCs(18%).All five patients were placed on therapeutic dose of low molecular weight heparin at the time of thrombus detection and subsequent cardiac catheterization demonstrated resolution in three of the five patients.No patients developed clinically significant venous stenosis.CONCLUSION Use of upper extremity PICCs in patients with single ventricle physiology prior to super cavopulmonary anastomosis is associated with a low rate of catheterassociated thrombosis.

Analysis of Use and Outcomes of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC-Line) in Hemato-Oncological Patients

Aims: To audit the use and outcomes of using PICC lines in hemato-oncological patients. Objectives: To study the demographics of patients: ?studying the use of PICC line in hemato-oncological patients;studying the rate of complications in PICC line;studying the cause of early removal of PICC line. Methods: All PICCs inserted in adult hemato-oncological patients in Hematology and Medical Oncology Department of Health Care Global (HCG) Hospital were studied prospectively, as per the proforma, till PICCs were removed or patient expired and the pattern of complications were noted. Results: Eighty-four PICCs were inserted over a period of initial nine months and followed for a total of 1 year with three months post insertion duration for a total of 10,868 catheter-days (mean of 129 days i.e. 4.3 months, range: 1 to 288 days). The most common indication for PICC was chemotherapy (100%). Among them 19 (22%) PICCs had complications and 12 were removed at the rate of 1.1/1000 PICC-days. Complications with haematologic malignancies were more as compared to those with solid tissue malignancies. Conclusions: Despite significant complication rates, PICCs are a relatively safe and cost effective mode of establishing central venous access.

Indwelling catheter and conservative measures in the treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome in fulminant acute pancreatitis

AIM： To study the effect of combined indwelling catheter, hemofiltration, respiration support and traditional Chinese medicine （e.g. Dahuang） in treating abdominal compartment syndrome of fulminant acute pancreatitis. METHODS： Patients with fulminant acute pancreatitis were divided randomly into 2 groups of combined indwelling catheter celiac drainage and intra-abdominal pressure monitoring and routine conservative measures group （group 1） and control group （group 2）. Routine non-operative conservative treatments including hemofiltration, respiration support, gastrointestinal TCM ablution were also applied in control group patients. Effectiveness of the two groups was observed, and APACHE Ⅱ scores were applied for analysis. RESULTS： On the second and fifth days after treatment, APACHE Ⅱ scores of group 1 and 2 patients were significantly different. Comparison of effectiveness （abdominalgia and burbulence relief time, hospitalization time） between groups 1 and 2 showed significant difference, as well as incidence rates of cysts formation. Mortality rates of groups 1 and 2 were 10.0% and 20.7%, respectively. For patients in group 1, celiac drainage quantity and intra-abdominal pressure, and hospitalization time were positively correlated （r = 0.552, 0.748, 0.923, P 〈 0.01） with APACHE Ⅱ scores. CONCLUSION： Combined indwelling catheter celiac drainage and intra-abdominal pressure monitoring, short veno-venous hemofiltration （SVVH）, gastrointestinal TCM ablution, respiration support have preventive and treatment effects on abdominal compartment syndrome of fulminant acute pancreatitis.

Economic Analysis of Port and PICC in Long-term Intravenous Administration for Malignant Tumor Patients in Chinese Oncology Hospital Setting

OBJECTIVE: To calculate and compare the cost of Port and PICC's application in long-term intravenous administration, and to support the decision making of hospital manager. METHODS: Literature review and patient survey in 2 oncology centers in China were carried out to investigate the cost and impact of Port and PICC for patients. The cost at different time of intravenous administration was calculated and compared. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed and tornado graph was drawn. RESULTS: Direct cost of Port at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 years were7442, 8005, 8553, and 9131 CNY, and 4700, 9399, 14032, 18799 CNY for PICC respectively. Direct & indirect cost at 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 years were 9291, 11704, 14101, 16529 CNY for Port and 9697, 19393, 29023, 38787 CNY for PICC. Sensitivity analysis showed that productivity loss and device maintenance cost were the most in?uential factors to the result. CONCLUSION: Port had higher cost in short term and less in long term compared with PICC. Patients expected to get intravenous administration more than 0.5 year should use Port if both direct and indirect costs were included.

The Application of Midline Catheter in Perioperative Period of Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Cancer

Objective: To investigate the application value of midline catheters in patients with larynx cancer during the postoperative period. Methods: 150 patients with larynx cancer treated in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2022 were selected as the study objects. According to the random number method, 75 cases were divided into a control group and a study group. The study group used a midline catheter during treatment, and the control group used a Peripheral venous indwelling needle during treatment. The indwelling time, puncture times, complication rate, daily catheter maintenance cost and catheterization satisfaction rate of the two groups were compared. Result: The retention time of the study group (11.53 ± 6.91 days) was significantly higher than that of the control group (2.92 ± 1.41 days) (P . The total puncture times were significantly lower than that of the control group (P cidence of complications such as catheter blockage, catheter detachment, drug extravasation and phlebitis were lower than those of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), the average daily maintenance cost of the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), and the satisfaction rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P Conclusion: Compared with the Peripheral venous indwelling needle, postoperative application of a midline catheter in patients with larynx cancer can effectively reduce the number of puncture times and the incidence of catheter-related adverse reactions, and has higher economic benefits and satisfaction rate, which is worthy of clinical application.

重型血友病A经外周置入中心静脉导管现状分析

目的探索和总结经外周静脉置入中心静脉置管(PICC)在重型血友病治疗中的经验。方法回顾性收集2020年1月-2023年12月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院接受PICC的重型血友病A儿童的基本信息,电话询问其目前治疗现状及PICC并发症情况。结果共纳入76例重型血友病A患儿,中位年龄4.2(2.3-5.8)岁,共安装123次PICC。安装PICC前,有17.1%(13/76)的患儿开展了家庭治疗;安装后,84.2%(64/76)的患儿进行了家庭治疗。有7.9%(6/76)的患儿出现导管位置改变,10.5%(8/76)出现导管阻塞,39.5%(30/76)出现贴膜下以及贴膜周围皮肤皮疹,2例患儿出现导管相关血栓,5例自行将PICC导管拔除,7例出现导管相关感染。结论重型血友病A患儿PICC置入后,置管局部皮疹、导管堵塞、导管滑脱、导管血栓及导管相关感染等并发症较常发生,应充分考虑多种因素,为其建立最适合的血管通路。

成人PICC/上臂输液港原发性导管异位管理的最佳证据总结

目的评价、总结国内外成人PICC/上臂输液港原发性导管异位管理的最佳证据,为临床医护人员识别、预防和处理成人PICC/上臂输液港原发性导管异位提供参考。方法系统检索中英文数据库、指南相关网站和专业学会网站中有关成人PICC/上臂输液港原发性导管异位管理的证据,包括临床决策、最佳实践、临床实践指南、系统评价、证据总结和专家共识。检索时限为建库至2023年12月31日。2名研究者独立对纳入文献进行质量评价,并结合专业判断进行标准化的资料提取和证据分级。结果该研究共纳入13篇文献,包括6篇临床实践指南、2篇证据总结和5篇专家共识。最终从识别、预防及处理3个方面总结了39条最佳证据。结论该研究为临床医护人员管理成人PICC/上臂输液港原发性导管异位提供循证依据。在临床应用时,需要充分考虑临床情景,结合专业人士的判断及患者的意愿,遵循个体化原则,审慎地将证据应用于临床实践中。

颈静脉、锁骨下静脉汇入无名静脉区的影像解剖分型研究及其在中心静脉置管中的应用

目的 研究双侧颈静脉、锁骨下静脉汇入无名静脉“三岔口”区的局部影像解剖并进行分型,初步探讨其在中心静脉置管中的应用。方法 河南科技大学第一附属医院2020年10月至2022年11月中心静脉置管病例389例,根据锁骨下静脉、颈静脉汇入无名静脉区局部影像解剖特点进行分型,右侧分为5型,左侧分为4型,结合置管后胸部X线片、CT检查、腔内心电及超声等资料明确中心静脉管位置,采用统计学方法分析“三岔口”区影像解剖分型与中心静脉导管异位的关系。结果 389例病例右侧“三岔口”区影像解剖分型中Ⅰ型占44.7%、Ⅱ型占24.7%、Ⅲ型占10.3%、Ⅳ型占17.2%、Ⅴ型占3.1%;左侧“三岔口”区影像解剖分型中Ⅰ型占29.3%、Ⅱ型占59.9%、Ⅲ型占9.8%、Ⅳ型占1.0%。经外周置入中心静脉导管(PICC)共271例,右侧入路180例中导管异位共24例,其中Ⅰ型3例、Ⅱ型5例、Ⅲ型4例、Ⅳ型7例、Ⅴ型5例,左侧入路91例中导管异位共3例,其中Ⅱ型2例、Ⅲ型1例;中心静脉导管异位发生率PICC右侧入路各型比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.796,P=0.019),左侧入路各型比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.073,P=0.557)。CVC置管118例,右侧入路104例中导管异位5例,其中Ⅱ型2例、Ⅲ型2例、Ⅳ型1例,左侧入路14例中导管异位3例,其中Ⅱ型2例、Ⅳ型1例,中心静脉导管异位发生率CVC右侧入路各型比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.403,P=0.116),左侧入路各型比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.497,P=0.213)。结论 颈静脉、锁骨下静脉汇入无名静脉区的影像解剖分型右侧Ⅰ型最多见,左侧Ⅱ型最多见,局部影像解剖分型与中心静脉导管异位存在一定关系。

乳腺癌患者外周中心静脉导管相关上肢深静脉血栓形成的抗凝治疗

目的总结分析乳腺癌患者发生外周中心静脉导管(PICC)相关上肢深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的诊治经验。方法收集2021年6月至2023年3月北京市海淀医院收治的发生PICC相关上肢DVT的134例乳腺癌患者的临床资料,根据抗凝治疗方案的不同将患者分为低分子肝素组(n=65)和利伐沙班组(n=69)。比较两组患者的乳腺癌专科信息和启动抗凝治疗后3个月的随访结果。结果两组患者的临床分期、肿瘤部位、手术情况、放疗情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。治疗后3个月随访结果显示,两组患者的导管功能失用率、上肢DVT复发率、出血发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。两组患者均发生了轻微出血。治疗前,两组患者的D-二聚体水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);治疗后4、12周,两组患者的D-二聚体水平均较本组治疗前下降,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),但两组患者的D-二聚体水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论低分子肝素与利伐沙班治疗乳腺癌患者PICC相关上肢DVT的疗效与安全性相当,但利伐沙班可能更方便患者出院后使用。

新生儿经外周置入中心静脉导管相关性血栓发生率的Meta分析

目的系统评价新生儿经外周置入中心静脉导管(PICC)相关性血栓的发生率。方法计算机检索Medline、Embase、Web of Science、CINAHL、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库和万方数据库中与新生儿PICC相关性血栓发生率相关的研究,检索时限为建库至2022年5月17日。双人进行筛选、质量评价后,采用Stata 16.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入5项研究,总样本量为4573例,其中共发生104例PICC相关性血栓。Meta分析结果显示新生儿PICC相关性血栓的发生率为1.7%(95%置信区间:0.5%~3.6%)。亚组分析结果显示,发表年份为2017—2021年的文献、经下肢静脉置管的新生儿PICC相关性血栓的发生率更高。结论新生儿PICC相关性血栓的发生率为1.68%。经下肢静脉置管时,血栓的发生率更高,因此对于凝血功能障碍、血栓发生风险高的新生儿,应尽量避免选择经下肢静脉置管。

多学科协作风险管控预防肿瘤病人PICC相关性静脉血栓的效果观察

目的:探讨多学科协作(MDT)风险管控预防肿瘤病人经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)相关性静脉血栓的效果。方法:选取2020年6月—2022年6月在本院留置PICC的肿瘤病人190例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各95例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予MDT风险管控护理,比较两组PICC穿刺、维护质量、相关性静脉血栓及腋下静脉最大血流速度(Vmax),平均血流速度(Vmean)情况。结果:观察组PICC一次穿刺成功率、维护质量优良率高于对照组(P<0.05);两组护理后腋下静脉Vmax、Vmean快于护理前,观察组护理后腋下静脉Vmax、Vmean快于对照组(P<0.05);观察组PICC相关性静脉血栓发生率为2.11%,低于对照组的11.58%(P<0.05)。结论:MDT风险管控可提高肿瘤病人PICC穿刺、维护质量,改善腋下静脉循环,有利于改善PICC相关性静脉血栓的预防效果。

PICC带管出院患者导管居家维护模式的可行性研究分析

目的 观察PICC带管出院患者导管居家维护模式的可行性。方法 将我院2021年1月至2022年12月收治的60例PICC带管肿瘤患者随机分为观察组30例,对照组30例。对照组(n=30)给予常规返院导管维护,观察组(n=30)给予导管居家维护,对比两组的单次维护费用及时间、平均留置时间、导管相关并发症发生情况及维护依存性。结果 观察组单次维护费用为(58.17±5.64)元,低于对照组的(132.78±9.85)元,两组单次维护费用比较,差异具有统计学意义(t=-36.004,P=0.000);观察组单次维护时间(81.13±7.62)min,较对照组的(203.34±15.67)min更短,差异具有统计学意义(t=-38.416,P=0.000)。观察组PICC平均留置时间为(141.82±13.56)d,对照组PICC平均留置时间为(137.43±14.08)d,两组PICC平均留置时间比较,差异未见统计学意义(t=1.230,P=0.224)。观察组导管相关并发症发生率36.67%,对照组26.67%,两组导管相关并发症比较,差异没有统计学意义﹙χ^(2)=0.693,P=0.405﹚。观察组能按时进行PICC导管维护者为28例,按时维护依存率为93.33%,高于对照组的70.00%,差异存在统计学意义﹙χ^(2)=5.455,P=0.020﹚。结论 PICC带管出院患者导管居家维护模式具有一定可行性,在不增加导管相关并发症及延长留置时间的前提下,可以有效地减少维护费用、缩短维护时间,提高患者维护依存性。

仅用生理盐水冲封管在三向瓣膜式中长导管留置输液中的应用效果

目的:探讨仅用生理盐水冲封管在三向瓣膜式中长导管留置输液中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2021年3月至2022年2月在该院行静脉留置导管输液治疗的160例肺结核病患者的临床资料,根据封管方式不同将其分为对照组和观察组各80例。两组均留置三向瓣膜式中长导管输液7周左右,对照组采用生理盐水脉冲式冲管联合100 U/mL肝素溶液正压封管,观察组仅用生理盐水冲封管。比较两组导管留置时间、住院时间、单次封管费用、封管平均用时、不良事件发生率及护理满意度。结果:观察组导管留置时间长于对照组,住院时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组单次封管费用少于对照组,封管平均用时短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组导管堵塞、血流感染、静脉炎发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组护理满意度为96.25%(77/80),高于对照组81.25%(65/80),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:仅用生理盐水冲封管用于三向瓣膜式中长导管留置输液患者能有效延长导管留置时间,缩短封管平均用时和住院时间,降低封管费用,提高护理满意度,且不增加导管堵塞、血流感染、静脉炎的发生率,效果优于生理盐水冲管联合肝素溶液封管。

植入式静脉输液港与PICC在血液肿瘤患者中的临床价值

目的 比较植入式静脉输液港(VPA)与经外周静脉穿刺置入中心静脉导管(PICC)在血液肿瘤患者护理中的临床应用价值,为临床血液肿瘤患者化疗期间选用合适的中心静脉给药方法提供参考。方法 选取河北工程大学附属医院2021年3月至2023年2月就诊的血液肿瘤患者80例,根据置管方法不同随机分为VPA组38例和PICC组42例,比较2组并发症、舒适度、生活质量评分。结果 VPA组并发症发生率5.26%,低于PICC组的26.19%,VPA组未发现导管阻塞、血流感染、皮肤过敏等并发症,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);生活质量6个维度的比较中,1个社会关系功能无差异,其余5个VPA组均高于PICC组,2组生活质量评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);VPA组舒适度更高(P<0.05)。结论 相比于PICC静脉给药方法,VPA并发症少,舒适度好,更能提高患者生活质量,满足血液肿瘤患者长期治疗需求,值得临床推广。

以危机预防理论为指导的新生儿PICC置管风险管理方案的构建及应用

目的构建以危机预防理论为指导的新生儿经外周静脉穿刺的中心静脉导管(PICC)置管风险管理方案,并探讨其应用效果。方法前瞻性选取郑州大学第一附属医院新生儿重症医学科2021年3月至2022年2月收治的66例拟行PICC置管的新生儿为对象,按照收治时间顺序分为对照组和观察组,各33例。对照组患儿接受常规护理干预,观察组患儿在对照组基础上接受以危机预防理论为指导的风险管理干预措施。对比两组患儿PICC置管1个月内风险事件(导管堵塞、液体外渗、皮下血肿、感染)发生情况。对比穿刺时疼痛情况[新生儿急性疼痛行为评分量表(NIAPAS)及脸、腿、活动、哭闹、安抚评估量表(FLACC)]。结果观察组风险事件总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组穿刺时NIAPAS、FLACC评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论以危机预防理论为指导的风险管理干预措施可减轻新生儿PICC置管穿刺痛感,降低置管后风险事件发生率。

基于失效模式-效应分析模式的护理干预对宫颈癌经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管化疗患者的护理效果

目的探讨基于失效模式-效应分析(HFMEA)模式的护理干预在宫颈癌患者接受外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管(PICC)化疗中的应用效果。方法采用前瞻性随机对照研究设计,选取2023年1月-12月于南京医科大学附属妇产医院接受PICC化疗的120例宫颈癌患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。对照组接受常规护理,观察组在此基础上采用基于HFMEA模式的护理干预。比较两组患者PICC相关并发症发生率、化疗期间舒适度及护理满意度。结果观察组PICC相关并发症发生率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组化疗期间VAS评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者护理满意度显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于HFMEA模式的护理干预可有效降低宫颈癌患者在接受PICC化疗过程中相关并发症发生率,提高患者舒适度及护理满意度,是一种值得推广的护理模式。

1例双侧乳腺癌不同术式后保留PICC患者的护理

总结1例行左侧乳腺癌改良根治术、右侧乳房重建术患者成功保留患肢PICC的护理经验。护理重点包括术前多学科评估保留PICC的利弊,制定和实施周密的综合护理方案;加强对症管理、康复锻炼,加强营养支持及心理康复;强化延续护理。结果患者术后住院18 d,切口愈合好,携带PICC出院。出院后继续相关治疗至治疗结束拔除PICC,共留置338 d(入院前留置128 d,住院期间留置85 d,出院后留置125 d),未发生PICC相关并发症。

基于随机森林模型的抗肿瘤化疗患者经外周静脉植入中心静脉导管置管后导管相关感染及影响因素

目的 基于随机森林模型分析化学治疗患者经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)置管后导管相关感染的影响因素。方法 选取接受化学治疗并留置PICC的400例肿瘤患者,采用计算机产生随机数法将就诊患者以3∶1的比例分为训练集(300例)和测试集(100例)。根据感染发生情况将训练集患者分为无感染组和感染组,比较两组的临床资料,采用多因素logistic回归模型及随机森林的集成分类算法分析患者PICC置管后出现导管相关感染的影响因素,并对比二者的预测效能。结果 训练集300例化学治疗患者中,32例患者出现导管相关感染(10.67%),与无感染组比较,感染组患者单次置管穿刺次数更多,PICC留置时间更长,导管移动比例、合并糖尿病比例及换药频次更高,白细胞计数(WBC)水平及免疫功能更低(均P<0.05)。PICC留置时间、导管移动情况、合并糖尿病情况、换药频次、WBC及免疫功能均为患者PICC置管后导管相关感染的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。随机森林模型显示不同影响因素的重要程度排序结果依次为:PICC留置时间、导管移动情况、合并糖尿病情况、WBC、换药频次及免疫功能。随机森林模型的集成分类算法预测化学治疗患者发生导管相关感染的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)为0.872,与logistic回归模型(AUC=0.791)相比预测效能更优。结论 PICC留置时间、导管移动情况、合并糖尿病情况、换药频次、WBC水平及免疫功能是化学治疗患者发生导管相关感染的独立影响因素,随机森林模型的集成分类算法可用于对化学治疗患者发生导管相关感染的预测分析,其预测性能优于logistic回归模型。