Peritoneal dialysis （PD） is associated with a high risk of infection of the peritoneum, subcutaneous tunnel and catheter exit site. Although quality standards demand an infection rate 〈 0.67 episodes/patient/year o...Peritoneal dialysis （PD） is associated with a high risk of infection of the peritoneum, subcutaneous tunnel and catheter exit site. Although quality standards demand an infection rate 〈 0.67 episodes/patient/year on dialy-sis, the reported overall rate of PD associated infection is 0.24-1.66 episodes/patient/year. It is estimated that for every 0.5-per-year increase in peritonitis rate, the risk of death increases by 4% and 18% of the episodes resulted in removal of the PD catheter and 3.5% re-sulted in death. Improved diagnosis, increased aware-ness of causative agents in addition to other measures will facilitate prompt management of PD associated infection and salvage of PD modality. The aims of this review are to determine the magnitude of the infection problem, identify possible risk factors and provide an update on the diagnosis and management of PD as-sociated infection. Gram-positive cocci such as Staphy-lococcus epidermidis , other coagulase negative staphy-lococcoci, and Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus ） are the most frequent aetiological agents of PD-associated peritonitis worldwide. Empiric antibiotic therapy must cover both gram-positive and gram-negative organ-isms. However, use of systemic vancomycin and cip-rofoxacin administration for example, is a simple and efficient first-line protocol antibiotic therapy for PD peritonitis - success rate of 77%. However, for fungal PD peritonitis, it is now standard practice to remove PD catheters in addition to antifungal treatment for a minimum of 3 wk and subsequent transfer to hemodi-alysis. To prevent PD associated infections, prophylactic antibiotic administration before catheter placement, adequate patient training, exit-site care, and treatment for S. aureus nasal carriage should be employed. Mupi-rocin treatment can reduce the risk of exit site infection by 46% but it cannot decrease the risk of peritonitis due to all organisms.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis(PD)is an important renal replacement therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease.PD catheters remain the lifeline for patients undergoing PD.The catheter technique survival rate is ...BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis(PD)is an important renal replacement therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease.PD catheters remain the lifeline for patients undergoing PD.The catheter technique survival rate is considered a core PD outcome domain.CASE SUMMARY The PD catheter spontaneously dislodged in a patient undergoing PD during regular fluid exchange without pain.Abdominal computed tomography showed a tunnel infection.A double-cuff straight Tenckhoff catheter had been inserted using the Seldinger technique.Before this incident,the patient had a history of tunnel infections.We speculate that recurrent tunnel infections and catheter insertion using the Seldinger technique may have led to catheter dislodgement.CONCLUSION The present case suggests that clinicians should more rigorously assess the persistence of catheter-related infections concerning the potential complications arising from catheter dislodgement associated with the Seldinger technique.展开更多
腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)导管相关感染是PD患者的严重并发症,是PD导管拔除和腹膜炎发生的重要危险因素,影响PD患者的预后。2023年5月国际腹膜透析协会(International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis,ISPD)更新了《腹膜透析...腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)导管相关感染是PD患者的严重并发症,是PD导管拔除和腹膜炎发生的重要危险因素,影响PD患者的预后。2023年5月国际腹膜透析协会(International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis,ISPD)更新了《腹膜透析导管相关感染的防治指南建议》,修订和明确了PD导管出口处感染(exit site infection,ESI)和隧道感染的定义和分类,其中要求PD导管ESI的感染率不应超过每年0.4例,关于PD导管相关感染的预防和治疗提出了具体的建议,最后指出了未来研究方向。本文就该指南内容作一解读。展开更多
目的探讨失效模式与效应分析(failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)在终末期肾脏病患者腹膜透析相关感染防控风险管理中的应用,为临床防控腹膜透析相关感染提供依据。方法应用FMEA风险管理工具,对终末期肾脏病患者腹膜透析相关感染...目的探讨失效模式与效应分析(failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)在终末期肾脏病患者腹膜透析相关感染防控风险管理中的应用,为临床防控腹膜透析相关感染提供依据。方法应用FMEA风险管理工具,对终末期肾脏病患者腹膜透析相关感染进行风险评估,借助根本原因分析(root cause analysis,RCA)查找失效模式的具体原因,优先对高风险项目进行整改,比较风险管理前后的效果。结果根据计算风险优先系数(risk priority number,RPN)值对前五项高风险失效模式进行RCA并实施针对性干预措施,实施FMEA模式后各项失效模式的RPN值明显下降;腹膜透析相关感染率由1.92%降低为1.30%,随访依从性由75.24%提高至89.77%,操作规范性由82.94%提高至93.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);培训参与率由77.50%提高至88.10%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用FMEA模式评估腹膜透析相关感染风险因素并实施改进方案,能有效降低腹膜透析相关感染的发生,有助于改善腹膜透析患者的预后。展开更多
文摘Peritoneal dialysis （PD） is associated with a high risk of infection of the peritoneum, subcutaneous tunnel and catheter exit site. Although quality standards demand an infection rate 〈 0.67 episodes/patient/year on dialy-sis, the reported overall rate of PD associated infection is 0.24-1.66 episodes/patient/year. It is estimated that for every 0.5-per-year increase in peritonitis rate, the risk of death increases by 4% and 18% of the episodes resulted in removal of the PD catheter and 3.5% re-sulted in death. Improved diagnosis, increased aware-ness of causative agents in addition to other measures will facilitate prompt management of PD associated infection and salvage of PD modality. The aims of this review are to determine the magnitude of the infection problem, identify possible risk factors and provide an update on the diagnosis and management of PD as-sociated infection. Gram-positive cocci such as Staphy-lococcus epidermidis , other coagulase negative staphy-lococcoci, and Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus ） are the most frequent aetiological agents of PD-associated peritonitis worldwide. Empiric antibiotic therapy must cover both gram-positive and gram-negative organ-isms. However, use of systemic vancomycin and cip-rofoxacin administration for example, is a simple and efficient first-line protocol antibiotic therapy for PD peritonitis - success rate of 77%. However, for fungal PD peritonitis, it is now standard practice to remove PD catheters in addition to antifungal treatment for a minimum of 3 wk and subsequent transfer to hemodi-alysis. To prevent PD associated infections, prophylactic antibiotic administration before catheter placement, adequate patient training, exit-site care, and treatment for S. aureus nasal carriage should be employed. Mupi-rocin treatment can reduce the risk of exit site infection by 46% but it cannot decrease the risk of peritonitis due to all organisms.
文摘BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis(PD)is an important renal replacement therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease.PD catheters remain the lifeline for patients undergoing PD.The catheter technique survival rate is considered a core PD outcome domain.CASE SUMMARY The PD catheter spontaneously dislodged in a patient undergoing PD during regular fluid exchange without pain.Abdominal computed tomography showed a tunnel infection.A double-cuff straight Tenckhoff catheter had been inserted using the Seldinger technique.Before this incident,the patient had a history of tunnel infections.We speculate that recurrent tunnel infections and catheter insertion using the Seldinger technique may have led to catheter dislodgement.CONCLUSION The present case suggests that clinicians should more rigorously assess the persistence of catheter-related infections concerning the potential complications arising from catheter dislodgement associated with the Seldinger technique.
文摘腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)导管相关感染是PD患者的严重并发症,是PD导管拔除和腹膜炎发生的重要危险因素,影响PD患者的预后。2023年5月国际腹膜透析协会(International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis,ISPD)更新了《腹膜透析导管相关感染的防治指南建议》,修订和明确了PD导管出口处感染(exit site infection,ESI)和隧道感染的定义和分类,其中要求PD导管ESI的感染率不应超过每年0.4例,关于PD导管相关感染的预防和治疗提出了具体的建议,最后指出了未来研究方向。本文就该指南内容作一解读。
文摘目的探讨失效模式与效应分析(failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)在终末期肾脏病患者腹膜透析相关感染防控风险管理中的应用,为临床防控腹膜透析相关感染提供依据。方法应用FMEA风险管理工具,对终末期肾脏病患者腹膜透析相关感染进行风险评估,借助根本原因分析(root cause analysis,RCA)查找失效模式的具体原因,优先对高风险项目进行整改,比较风险管理前后的效果。结果根据计算风险优先系数(risk priority number,RPN)值对前五项高风险失效模式进行RCA并实施针对性干预措施,实施FMEA模式后各项失效模式的RPN值明显下降;腹膜透析相关感染率由1.92%降低为1.30%,随访依从性由75.24%提高至89.77%,操作规范性由82.94%提高至93.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);培训参与率由77.50%提高至88.10%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用FMEA模式评估腹膜透析相关感染风险因素并实施改进方案,能有效降低腹膜透析相关感染的发生,有助于改善腹膜透析患者的预后。
