Impact of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy on gastric cancer survival: Peritoneal metastasis and cytology perspectives

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer presenting with peritoneal metastasis is notably associated with diminished survival prospects.The use of cytoreductive surgery in conjunction with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC)has been shown to increase survival rates in these patients.Despite these advancements,debates persist regarding the magnitude of survival improvement attributed to this treatment modality.The present investigation examined survival outcomes following HIPEC in individuals diagnosed with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastasis,and it took a comparative analysis of patients exhibiting positive and negative cytological findings.Between April 2013 and March 2020,84 patients with advanced gastric cancer treated at our institution were categorized into three cohorts:HIPEC(20 patients with peritoneal metastasis),cytology-positive(23 patients without peritoneal nodules but with positive wash cytology),and cytology-negative(41 patients with advanced gastric cancer,no peritoneal nodules,and negative wash cytology).The HIPEC cohort underwent gastrectomy with HIPEC,while the cytology-positive and cytology-negative groups received gastrectomy alone.The demographic,pat-hological,and survival data of the groups were compared.RESULTS The HIPEC cohort-predominantly younger females-exhibited relatively extended surgical durations and high blood loss.Nevertheless,the complication rates were consistent across all three groups.Median survival in the HIPEC group was 20.00±4.89 months,with 1-year,2-year,and 3-year overall survival rates of 73.90%,28.70%,and 9.60%,respectively.These figures paralleled the survival rates of the cytology-positive group(52.20%at 1 year,28.50%at 2 years,and 19.00%at 3 years).Notably,47%of patients experienced peritoneal recurrence.CONCLUSION HIPEC may offer a modest improvement in short-term survival for patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastasis,mirroring the outcomes in cytology-positive patients.However,peritoneal recurrence remained high.

Prolonged hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy duration with 90 minutes cisplatin might increase overall survival in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastases

BACKGROUND Advanced gastric cancer with synchronous peritoneal metastases(GC-PM)is associated with a poor prognosis.Although cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(CRS-HIPEC)is a promising approach,only a limited number of Western studies exist.AIM To investigate the clinicopathological outcomes of patients who underwent CRSHIPEC for GC-PM.METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients with GC-PM was conducted.All patients were seen at the Department of General and Visceral Surgery,Hospital Barmherzige Brüder,Regensburg,Germany between January 2011 and July 2021 and underwent CRS-HIPEC.Preoperative laboratory results,the use of neoadjuvant trastuzumab,and the details of CRS-HIPEC,including peritoneal carcinomatosis index,completeness of cytoreduction,and surgical procedures were recorded.Disease-specific(DSS),and overall survival(OS)of patients were calculated.RESULTS A total of 73 patients were included in the study.Patients treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab(n=5)showed longer DSS(P=0.0482).Higher white blood cell counts(DSS:P=0.0433)and carcinoembryonic antigen levels(OS and DSS:P<0.01),and lower hemoglobin(OS and DSS:P<0.05)and serum total protein(OS:P=0.0368)levels were associated with shorter survival.Longer HIPEC duration was associated with more advantageous median survival times[60-min(n=59):12.86 mo;90-min(n=14):27.30 mo],but without statistical difference.To obtain additional data from this observation,further separation of the study population was performed.First,propensity score-matched patient pairs(n=14 in each group)were created.Statistically different DSS was found between patient pairs(hazard ratio=0.2843;95%confidence interval:0.1119-0.7222;P=0.0082).Second,those patients who were treated with trastuzumab and/or had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity(median survival:12.68 mo vs 24.02 mo),or had to undergo the procedure before 2016(median survival:12.68 mo vs 27.30 mo;P=0.0493)were removed from the original study population.CONCLUSION Based on our experience,CRS-HIPEC is a safe and secure method to improve the survival of advanced GC-PM patients.Prolonged HIPEC duration may serve as a good therapy for these patients.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis:A multicenter propensity scorematched cohort study

Objective:Systemic chemotherapy has limited efficacy in the treatment of peritoneal metastasis(PM)in gastric cancer(GC).Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC)combined with complete cytoreductive surgery(CRS)has shown promising outcomes but remains controversial.The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HIPEC without CRS in GC patients with PM.Methods:This retrospective propensity score-matched multicenter cohort study included GC patients with PM treated with either chemotherapy alone(Cx group)or with HIPEC combined with chemotherapy(HIPEC-Cx group)in four Chinese high-volume gastric medical centers between 2010 and 2017.The primary outcomes were median survival time(MST)and 3-year overall survival(OS).Propensity score matching was performed to compensate for controlling potential confounding effects and selection bias.Results:Of 663 eligible patients,498 were matched.The MST in the Cx and HIPEC-Cx groups was 10.8 and 15.9 months,respectively[hazard ratio(HR)=0.71,95%confidence interval(95%CI),0.58-0.88;P=0.002].The 3-year OS rate was 10.1%(95%CI,5.4%-14.8%)and 18.4%(95%CI,12.3%-24.5%)in the Cx and HIPEC-Cx groups,respectively(P=0.017).The complication rates were comparable.The time to first flatus and length of hospital stay for patients undergoing HIPEC combined with chemotherapy was longer than that of chemotherapy alone(4.6±2.4 d vs.2.7±1.8 d,P<0.001;14.2±5.8 d vs.11.4±7.7 d,P<0.001),respectively.The median follow-up period was 33.2 months.Conclusions:Compared with standard systemic chemotherapy,HIPEC combined with chemotherapy revealed a statistically significant survival benefit for GC patients with PM,without compromising patient safety.

Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy as a Multimodal Treatment for Gastric Cancer Patients with Peritoneal Metastasis

Peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer is mainly caused by the dispersion of free cancer cells from the serosal surface of the invaded stomach, from surgically transected lymphatic channels, and from tumor cell-containing blood from the primary lesion into the peritoneal cavity. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) combined with surgery has performed for the prevention and treatment of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer. The efficacy of this technique is influenced by the pharmacokinetic advantage achievable with the anticancer drug, timing of administration, combination with hyperthermia, and tumor volume. The pharmacokinetic advantage for peritoneal cavity exposure relative to peripheral circulation by intraperitoneal delivery for drugs including cisplatin (10-fold advantage), mitomycin C (20- to 30-fold advantage), docetaxel (500-fold advantage), and paclitaxel (1000-fold advantage) has been confirmed. To avoid uneven drug distribution in the peritoneal cavity and the re-growth of residual tumor, it seems to be reasonable to perform IPC perioperatively;however, early perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) has a relatively high morbidity rate compared with intraoperative IPC. Hyperthermia has both cytotoxicity of itself and a synergistic effect with anticancer drugs, especially mitomycin C. In the adjuvant setting, patients with either hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) or EPIC showed a significant improvement of survival compared to those with surgery alone. In addition, extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage (EIPL) seems also to be a reasonable method to reduce free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity. For the treatment of peritoneal metastasis, cytoreductive surgery which achieves R0 or R1 resection followed by IPC has demonstrated a survival benefit, whereas gross residual tumor (R2) treated by IPC has shown poor prognosis. Extensive cytoreductive surgery, such as peritonectomy, followed by IPC achieved long-term survival for selected patients, though this aggressive procedure led to high morbidity and mortality rates. It seems that combined chemotherapy (systemically and intraperitoneally) followed by conversion surgery can be expected to be a powerful procedure for the patients with gross peritoneal tumors.

Complications and risk factors for complications of implanted subcutaneous ports for intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis

Objective:Intraperitoneal(IP)chemotherapy through subcutaneous port is an effective treatment for gastric cancer(GC)patients with peritoneal metastasis(PM).The objective of this study is to assess the port complications and risk factors for complications in GC patients with PM.Methods:In retrospective screening of 301 patients with subcutaneous ports implantation,249 GC patients with PM who received IP chemotherapy were screened out for analysis.Port complications and risk factors for complications were analyzed.Results:Of the 249 analyzed patients,57(22.9%)experienced port complications.Subcutaneous liquid accumulation(42.1%)and infection(28.1%)were the main complications,and other complications included port rotation(14.1%),wound dehiscence(12.3%),inflow obstruction(1.7%)and subcutaneous metastasis(1.7%).The median interval between port implantation and occurrence of complications was 3.0 months.Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)performance status[odds ratio(OR),1.74;95%confidence interval(95%CI),1.12-2.69],albumin(OR,3.67;95%CI,1.96-6.86),implantation procedure optimization(OR,0.33;95%CI,0.18-0.61)and implantation groups(OR,0.37;95%CI,0.20-0.69)were independent risk factors for port complications(P<0.05).ECOG performance status was the only factor that related to the grades of port complications(P=0.016).Conclusions:Port complications in GC patients who received IP chemotherapy are manageable.ECOG performance status,albumin,implantation procedure and implantation group are independent risk factors for port complications in GC patients with PM.

A pharmacological review on intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal malignancy

Perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in combination with cytoreductive surgery has been shown to be of benefit for treating selected patients with peritoneal surface malignancy.It has become a new standard of care in the management of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and peritoneal dissemination of appendiceal malignancy.Numerous recent publications on carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer and gastric cancer identify groups of patients that would benef it from this local-regional approach for prevention and treatment of carcinomatosis.This review focuses on pharmacological information regarding intraperitoneal chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in gastrointestinal oncology.

Cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal peritoneal metastases

AIM:To systematically review the available evidence regarding cytoreductive surgery(CRS) and intraperitoneal chemotherapy(IPC) for colorectal peritoneal metastases(CPM).METHODS:An electronic literature search was carried out to identify publications reporting oncological outcome data(overall survival and/or disease free survival and/or recurrence rates)following CRS and IPC for treatment of CPM.Studies reporting outcomes following CRS and IPC for cancer subtypes other than colorectal were only included if data were reported independently for colorectal cancer-associated cases;in addition studies reporting outcomes for peritoneal carcinomatosis of appendiceal origin were excluded.RESULTS:Twenty seven studies,published between1999 and 2013 with a combined population of 2838patients met the predefined inclusion criteria.Included studies comprised 21 case series,5 case-control studies and 1 randomised controlled trial.Four studies provided comparative oncological outcome data for patients undergoing CRS in combination with IPC vs systemic chemotherapy alone.The primary indication for treatment was CPM in 96%of cases(2714/2838)and recurrent CPM(rCPM)in the remaining 4%(124/2838).In the majority of included studies(20/27)CRS was combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC).In 3 studies HIPEC was used in combination with early post-operative intraperitoneal chemotherapy(EPIC),and 2 studies used EPIC only,following CRS.Two studies evaluated comparative outcomes with CRS+HIPEC vs CRS+EPIC for treatment of CPM.The delivery of IPC was performed using an"open"or"closed"abdomen approach in the included studies.CONCLUSION:The available evidence presented in this review indicates that enhanced survival times can be achieved for CPM after combined treatment with CRS and IPC.

Elemene-containing hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with chemotherapy for elderly patients with peritoneal metastatic advanced gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Almost all elderly patients with peritoneal metastatic gastric cancer(PGC)are unlikely to tolerate cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC)and adjuvant chemotherapy.However,determining how to optimize the treatment strategy for such patients has always been a clinical problem.Both HIPEC and palliative adjuvant chemotherapy can benefit patients with PGC.Therefore,optimizing HIPEC and chemotherapy regimens has potential clinical value in reducing side effects,and improving treatment tolerance and clinical effectiveness.AIM To explore the effect of HIPEC containing elemene,which is an anti-cancer component extracted in traditional Chinese herbal medicine,combined with reduced capecitabine and oxaliplatin(CapeOx)chemotherapy regimens,in elderly patients with PGC.METHODS In the present study,39 of 52 elderly PGC patients were included and assigned to different HIPEC treatment groups[lobaplatin group(group L)and mixed group(group M)]for analysis.Lobaplatin was used for all three HIPECs in group L.In group M,lobaplatin was used in the middle of the three HIPECs,and elemene was used for the first and third HIPEC.After HIPEC,patients received CapeOx chemotherapy.The incidence of complications(abdominal infection,lung infection,and urinary tract infection),myelosuppression,immune function(CD4/CD8 ratio),average length of hospital stay,and prognosis were compared between these two groups.RESULTS There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups during hospitalization(P>0.05).Compared to patients in group M,patients in group L exhibited severe myelosuppression(P=0.027)and increased length of hospital stay(P=0.045).However,no overall survival benefit was observed in group M.Furthermore,the immune function of patients in group M was less affected(P<0.001),when compared to that of patients in group L.The multivariate analysis suggested that the cycles of chemotherapy after perfusion significantly affected the prognosis of patients in both groups.CONCLUSION Compared to the lobaplatin-based HIPEC regimen,the administration of elemene reduced the myelosuppression incidence in elderly PGC patients.The present study sheds light on the implementation of this therapeutic strategy for this set of patients.

Therapeutic options for peritoneal metastasis arising from colorectal cancer

Peritoneal metastasis is a common sign of advanced tumor stage, tumor progression or tumor recurrence in patients with colorectal cancer. Due to the improvement of systemic chemotherapy, the development of targeted therapy and the introduction of additive treatment options such as cytoreductive surgery(CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC), the therapeutic approach to peritoneal metastatic colorectal cancer(pm CRC) has changed over recent decades, and patient survival has improved. Moreover, in contrast to palliative systemic chemotherapy or best supportive care, the inclusion of CRS and HIPEC as inherent components of a multidisciplinary treatment regimen provides a therapeutic approach with curative intent. Although CRS and HIPEC are increasingly accepted as the standard of care for selected patients and have become part of numerous national and international guidelines, the individual role, optimal timing and ideal sequence of the different systemic, local and surgical treatment options remains a matter of debate. Ongoing and future randomized controlled clinical trials may help clarify the impact of the different components, allow for further improvement of patient selection and support the standar-dization of oncologic treatment regimens for pm CRC. The addition of further therapeutic options such as neo-adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy or pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy, should be investig-ated to optimize therapeutic regimens and further improve the oncological outcome.

Comprehensive treatment for the peritoneal metastasis from gastric cancer

Recently, a novel comprehensive treatment consisting of cytoreductive surgery(CRS) and perioperative chemotherapy(POC) was developed for the treatment of peritoneal metastasis(PM) with a curative intent. In the treatment, the macroscopic disease is completely removed by the peritonectomy techniques in combination with POC. This article reviews the results of the comprehensive treatment for PM from gastric cancer, and verifies the effects of CRS and POC, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) and hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC). Completeness of cytoreduction, peritoneal carcinomatosis index(PCI) less than the threshold levels after NAC,absence of ascites, cytologic status, pathologic response after NAC are the independent prognostic factors. Among these prognostic factors, PCI threshold level is the most valuable independent prognostic factor. After staging laparoscopy, patients with PM from gastric cancer are recommended to treat with NAC before CRS. After NAC, indication for CRS is determined by laparoscopy. The indications of the comprehensive treatment are patients with PCI less than the threshold levels, negative cytology, and responders after NAC. Patients satisfy these factors are the candidates for the CRS and HIPEC.

Prognostic factors of early recurrence after complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

BACKGROUND Although cytoreductive surgery(CRS)and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC)offer the potential for long-term survival in peritoneal carcinomatosis,outcomes following CRS/HIPEC vary significantly.AIM To identify the clinical factors associated with progression-free survival(PFS)after complete CRS/HIPEC in patients with colorectal/high-grade appendiceal,ovarian,and gastric cancers.METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the risk of recurrence within 1 year after CRS/HIPEC and its impact on overall survival(OS)in patients recruited between 2015 and 2020.Logistic regression models were used to assess the prognostic factors for the risk of recurrence within 1 year.Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between recurrence and OS.RESULTS Of the 80 enrolled patients,39 had an unfavorable PFS(<1 year)and 41 had a favorable PFS(≥1 year).Simple logistic models revealed that the patients with a completeness of cytoreduction score of 0(CC-0)or length of CRS≤6 h had a favorable PFS[odds ratio(OR)=0.141,P=0.004;and OR=0.361,P=0.027,respectively].In multiple logistic regression,achieving CC-0 was the strongest prognostic factor for a favorable PFS(OR=0.131,P=0.005).A peritoneal cancer index score>12 was associated with a lower rate of achieving CC-0(P=0.027).The favorable PFS group had a significantly longer OS(median 81.7 mo vs 17.0 mo,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Achieving CC-0 was associated with a lower early recurrence rate and improved long-term survival.This study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate candidates for CRS/HIPEC to manage peritoneal carcinomatosis.

自拟健脾益气消癌汤联合腹腔热灌注化疗在结直肠癌腹膜转移患者中的应用

目的探讨自拟健脾益气消癌汤联合腹腔热灌注化疗在结直肠癌腹膜转移患者中的应用效果。方法选取2021年6月至2023年6月同济大学附属杨浦医院收治的90例结直肠癌腹膜转移患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各45例。所有患者均接受常规肿瘤细胞减灭术治疗,对照组患者在常规治疗基础上联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗,共化疗2次,观察组患者在对照组基础上联合自拟健脾益气消癌汤治疗,从术前3 d开始用药,术后患者可进食流质饮食后再持续用药7 d。比较两组患者术后的肛门排气时间、进食时间、住院天数;比较两组患者治疗前、治疗后(出院时)的血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原199(CA199)和T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)的变化,并比较两组患者治疗期间的不良反应发生率。结果观察组患者的肛门排气时间、进食时间、住院天数分别为(2.84±0.65)d、(3.27±0.64)d、(7.34±1.58)d,明显短于对照组的(3.55±0.73)d、(3.82±0.56)d、(8.76±1.65)d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后的血清CEA、CA199水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的NLR为3.60±0.67,明显低于对照组的4.11±0.75,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)分别为(49.05±5.17)%、(31.06±3.51)%、1.17±0.16,明显高于对照组的(46.06±4.83)%、(29.15±3.72)%、1.08±0.14,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗期间,观察组患者的肝肾功能损伤、骨髓抑制、腹胀腹痛、恶心呕吐发生率分别为15.56%、22.22%、26.67%、31.11%,明显低于对照组的35.56%、44.44%、48.89%、55.56%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论自拟健脾益气消癌汤联合腹腔热灌注化疗能改善结直肠癌腹膜转移患者免疫功能,降低化疗相关不良反应发生率。

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma is a highly aggressive neoplasm.The incidence of malignant mesothelioma is increasing worldwide.Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma(DMPM) represents one-fourth of all mesotheliomas.Association of asbestos exposure with DMPM has been observed,especially in males.The great majority of patients present with abdominal pain and distension,caused by accumulation of tumors and ascitic ? uid.In the past,DMPM was considered a pre-terminal condition;therefore attracted little attention.Patients invariably died from their disease within a year.Recently,several prospective trials have demonstrated a median survival of 40 to 90 mo and 5-year survival of 30% to 60% after combined treatment using cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy.This remarkable improvement in survival has prompted new search into the medical science related to DMPM,a disease previously ignored as uninteresting.This review article focuses on the key advances in the epidemiology,diagnosis,staging,treatments and prognosis of DMPM that have occurred in the past decade.

Comprehensive management of epithelial ovarian cancer with peritoneal metastases

Ovarian cancer has as its predominant pattern of dissemination metastases to the peritoneal surfaces and disease spread within the abdomen and pelvis that most commonly causes the patients demise. To combat peritoneal metastases, cytoreductive surgery with peritoneal and visceral resections is combined with intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy. Chemotherapy given in the operating room after the complete visible removal of ovarian cancer is hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The results of the combined treatment are determined by the extent of prior surgery, the extent of disease as established by the peritoneal cancer index, and the quality of the cytoreduction as measured by the completeness of cytoreduction score. Recent clinical information on patients with recurrent ovarian cancer suggest a median overall survival of up to 60 mo. These data are greatly improved over the one year survival observed in the past.

Metastatic appendiceal cancer treated with Yttrium 90 radioembolization and systemic chemotherapy:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary appendiceal cancers are rare,and they generally present with liver and/or peritoneal metastases.Currently there are no guidelines to treat metastatic appendiceal cancer,and hence they are treated as metastatic colorectal cancer.Combining Yttrium 90(Y-90)radioembolization(RE)with systemic chemotherapy early in the treatment of right sided colon cancers has been shown to improve survival.Based on this data,a combination of systemic chemotherapy and Y-90 RE was used to treat a case of metastatic appendiceal cancer.CASE SUMMARY A 76-year-old male presented to the emergency room with progressive right lower quadrant pain.A Computed Tomography of the abdomen and pelvis was performed which showed acute appendicitis and contained perforation.Urgent laparoscopic appendectomy was then followed by histological analysis,which was significant for appendiceal adenocarcinoma.After complete workup he underwent right hemicolectomy and lymph node dissection.He received adjuvant chemotherapy as the local lymph nodes were positive.Follow-up imaging was significant for liver metastasis.Due to rapid growth of the liver lesions and new peritoneal nodules,the patient was treated with a combination of Y-90 RE and folinic acid,fluorouracil,and irinotecan with bevacizumab and not microwave ablation as previously planned.Follow up imaging demonstrated complete response of the liver lesions.At 12-mo follow-up,the patient continued to enjoy good quality of life with no recurrent disease.CONCLUSION Utilization of Y-90 RE concomitantly with systemic chemotherapy early in the treatment of appendiceal cancer may provide improved control of this otherwise aggressive cancer.

腹腔加压气溶胶化疗治疗结直肠癌腹膜转移研究进展

腹膜转移是结直肠癌的常见转移方式,即使进行积极治疗,结直肠癌腹膜转移患者的预后仍较差。近年来,腹腔加压气溶胶化疗(pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy,PIPAC)作为一种新的腹腔内化疗方式受到了广泛关注,全球多个国家的研究者开展了大量与PIPAC相关的前瞻性研究和临床试验,对于腹膜癌患者来说,PIPAC已成为一种安全有效的且有前景的治疗方式,多个医疗中心已经将其用于治疗腹膜癌患者。随着PIPAC相关的临床证据越来越多,其在临床中的应用越发受到重视。本文就PIPAC治疗结直肠癌腹膜转移的理论基础、发展历程、操作流程、适应证、禁忌证、药物方案和临床应用的最新进展进行综述,以期为临床实践和研究提供参考。

结直肠癌伴腹膜转移治疗的研究进展

结直肠癌是全球第三大常见癌症,也是与癌症相关死亡的第四大常见原因。转移性疾病仍然是结直肠癌死亡的主要原因,除了淋巴和血源传播途径外,结直肠癌还会引起肿瘤细胞的腹腔传播,最终导致腹膜癌。随着各种治疗的进展,转移性结直肠癌患者的预后明显改善,但对伴有腹膜转移的患者疗效并不理想。最近越来越多的研究表明,肿瘤细胞减灭术(CRS)和腹腔热灌注化疗(HIPEC)可使结直肠癌伴腹膜转移患者受益,预后较好,腹腔内加压气溶胶化疗(PIPAC)、新辅助化疗、Radspherin短距离辐射等新型疗法也相继出现。本文就结直肠癌伴腹膜转移的治疗研究进展作一综述。

腹腔加压气溶胶化学治疗在结直肠癌腹膜转移治疗中的研究进展

结直肠癌腹膜转移患者预后不佳,首次确诊时往往已处于晚期。人们对结直肠癌腹膜转移的治疗理念已从姑息治疗转变为以系统化学治疗、肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化学治疗等的多学科综合疗法。腹腔加压气溶胶化学治疗(PIPAC)以一种新型腹腔内给药方式被用来治疗不可切除的腹膜转移癌患者,较既往治疗手段具有微创、安全、药物分布均质及渗透肿瘤能力强等优点。基于这些优势,其自2011年首次应用于人体以来,已在世界多国使用。研究者还不断改进着PIPAC的技术模式,研发出了多种新治疗模式。本文对PIPAC主要在结直肠癌腹膜转移治疗中的历史、技术规范、并发症、安全性及预后等进行综述。

健脾解毒化滞方联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗腹膜转移癌的疗效观察

目的:观察健脾解毒化滞方联合腹腔热灌注化疗治疗腹膜转移癌患者的临床疗效。方法:将60例腹盆腔恶性肿瘤腹膜转移患者随机分为对照组与联合组,各30例,对照组使用单纯腹腔热灌注化疗,联合组在对照组的基础上服用健脾解毒化滞方,治疗后评价两组患者瘤体疗效、疾病进展时间(TTP)、腹水临床疗效、血清肿瘤标志物(CA125、CA19-9和CEA)水平、Karnofsky(KPS)评分、中医证候积分,并进行安全性评价。结果:两组瘤体疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者TTP比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),亚组分析提示腹水患者中联合组患者TTP为4.55个月[95%CI(3.44,5.65)],明显高于对照组的2.93个月[95%CI(1.69,4.18)](P<0.05);联合组患者腹水客观缓解率为70.00%(14/20),显著高于对照组的33.33%(6/18)(P<0.05);治疗后联合组患者血清肿瘤标志物CA125水平降低,且明显低于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者血清CA19-9、CEA水平治疗前后及组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组患者KPS评分均升高,且联合组高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者中医证候积分均降低,且联合组明显低于对照组(P<0.05);联合组患者胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制、肝肾功能损伤等不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05),而神经毒性比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:健脾解毒化滞方联合腹腔热灌注化疗能够延长腹膜转移癌伴腹水患者的TTP,提高腹水的临床疗效,降低肿瘤标志物CA125水平,提高患者的生活质量,改善临床症状,降低不良反应发生率,显示了良好的应用前景。

顺铂腹腔低渗化疗药代动力学的实验研究

目的:比较顺铂分别以低渗、等渗溶液行腹腔化疗时,二者药代动力学的差别,为临床上应用顺铂行腹腔低渗性化疗,提供理论依据。方法:采用12只杂交犬为研究对象,随机分为实验组(n=6)、对照组(n=6)。实验组为顺铂低渗腹腔化疗组,对照组为顺铂等渗腹腔化疗组。两组动物分别行腹腔化疗后,在15min、30min、1h、3h和6h采取外周血、门脉血和腹腔液。采用非火焰原子吸收光谱法检测外周血、门脉血和腹腔液中铂的含量。结果:实验组与对照组相比,前者腹腔液中铂的含量明显低于后者;而外周血、门脉血中铂的含量二者无明显差别。结论:顺铂腹腔低渗化疗时,可使腹腔液中的铂向腹膜组织中扩散量增加。