Prolonged hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy duration with 90 minutes cisplatin might increase overall survival in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastases

BACKGROUND Advanced gastric cancer with synchronous peritoneal metastases(GC-PM)is associated with a poor prognosis.Although cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(CRS-HIPEC)is a promising approach,only a limited number of Western studies exist.AIM To investigate the clinicopathological outcomes of patients who underwent CRSHIPEC for GC-PM.METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients with GC-PM was conducted.All patients were seen at the Department of General and Visceral Surgery,Hospital Barmherzige Brüder,Regensburg,Germany between January 2011 and July 2021 and underwent CRS-HIPEC.Preoperative laboratory results,the use of neoadjuvant trastuzumab,and the details of CRS-HIPEC,including peritoneal carcinomatosis index,completeness of cytoreduction,and surgical procedures were recorded.Disease-specific(DSS),and overall survival(OS)of patients were calculated.RESULTS A total of 73 patients were included in the study.Patients treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab(n=5)showed longer DSS(P=0.0482).Higher white blood cell counts(DSS:P=0.0433)and carcinoembryonic antigen levels(OS and DSS:P<0.01),and lower hemoglobin(OS and DSS:P<0.05)and serum total protein(OS:P=0.0368)levels were associated with shorter survival.Longer HIPEC duration was associated with more advantageous median survival times[60-min(n=59):12.86 mo;90-min(n=14):27.30 mo],but without statistical difference.To obtain additional data from this observation,further separation of the study population was performed.First,propensity score-matched patient pairs(n=14 in each group)were created.Statistically different DSS was found between patient pairs(hazard ratio=0.2843;95%confidence interval:0.1119-0.7222;P=0.0082).Second,those patients who were treated with trastuzumab and/or had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity(median survival:12.68 mo vs 24.02 mo),or had to undergo the procedure before 2016(median survival:12.68 mo vs 27.30 mo;P=0.0493)were removed from the original study population.CONCLUSION Based on our experience,CRS-HIPEC is a safe and secure method to improve the survival of advanced GC-PM patients.Prolonged HIPEC duration may serve as a good therapy for these patients.

Mucinous neoplasm of the appendix:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms(AMNs),although not classified as rare,are relatively uncommon tumors most often discovered incidentally during colorectal surgery.Accurate identification of AMNs is difficult due to non-specific sym-ptoms,overlapping tumor markers with other conditions,and the potential for misdiagnosis.This underscores the urgent need for precision in diagnosis to pre-vent severe complications.CASE SUMMARY This case report describes the unexpected discovery and treatment of a low-grade AMN(LAMN)in a 74-year-old man undergoing laparoscopic hemicolectomy for transverse colon adenocarcinoma(AC).Preoperatively,non-specific gastroin-testinal symptoms and elevated tumor markers masked the presence of AMN.The tumor,presumed to be an AMN peritoneal cyst intraoperatively,was con-firmed as LAMN through histopathological examination.The neoplasm exhibited mucin accumulation and a distinct immunohistochemical profile:Positive for Ho-meobox protein CDX-2,Cytokeratin 20,special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2,and Mucin 2 but negative for cytokeratin 7 and Paired box gene 8.This profile aids in distinguishing appendiceal and ovarian mucinous tumors.Postoperative recovery was uncomplicated,and the patient initiated adjuvant chemotherapy for the colon AC.CONCLUSION This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of AMNs,emphasizing the need for vigilant identification to avert potential complications,such as pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy:Rationale and technique

The combination of complete cytoreductive surgery and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy provides the only chance for long-term survival for selected patients diagnosed with a variety of peritoneal neoplasms,either primary or secondary to digestive or gynecologic malignancy.Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) delivered in the operating room once the cytoreductive surgical procedure is fi nalized,constitutes the most common form of administration of perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy.This may be complemented in some instances with early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC).HIPEC combines the pharmacokinetic advantage inherent to the intracavitary delivery of certain cytotoxic drugs,which results in regional dose intensification,with the direct cytotoxic effect of hyperthermia.Hyperthermia exhibits a selective cell-killing effect in malignant cells by itself,potentiates the cytotoxic effect of certain chemotherapy agents and enhances the tissue penetration of the administered drug.The chemotherapeutic agents employed in HIPEC need to have a cell cycle nonspecific mechanism of action and should ideally show a heat-synergistic cytotoxic effect.Delivery of HIPEC requires an apparatus that heats and circulates the chemotherapeutic solution so that a stable temperature is maintained in the peritoneal cavity during the procedure.An open abdomen (Coliseum) or closed abdomen technique may be used,with no signif icant differences in eff icacy proven to date.Specif ic technical training and a solid knowledge of regional chemotherapy management are required.Concerns about safety of the procedure for operating room personnel are expected but are manageable if universal precautions and standard chemotherapy handling procedures are used.Different HIPEC drug regimens and dosages are currently in use.A tendency for concurrent intravenous chemotherapy administration (bidirectional chemotherapy,so-called "HIPEC plus") has been observed in recent years,with the aim to further enhance the cytotoxic potential of HIPEC.Future trials to ascertain the ideal HIPEC regimen in different diseases and to evaluate the efficacy of new drugs or drug combinations in this context are warranted.

Clinical significance of mesenteric panniculitis-like abnormalities on abdominal computerized tomography in patients with malignant neoplasms

AIM To clarify the association of malignancy with mesenteric panniculitis-like changes on computed tomography(CT).METHODS All abdominal CT scans performed at North Shore University HealthS ystem showing mesenteric panniculitis from January 2005 to August 2010 were identified in the Radnet(Rad Net Corporation, Los Angeles, CA) database. Patients with a new or known diagnosis of a malignancy were included for this analysis. Longitudinal clinical histories were obtained from electronic medical records.RESULTS In total, 147794 abdominal CT scans were performed during the study period. Three hundred and fiftynine patients had mesenteric panniculitis(MP)-like abnormalities on their abdominal CT. Of these patients, 81 patients(22.6%) had a known history of cancer at the time of their CT scan. Nineteen(5.3%) had a new diagnosis of cancer in concurrence with their CT, but the majority of these(14/19, 74%) were undergoing CT as part of a malignancy evaluation. Lymphomas were the most common cancers associated with MPlike findings on CT(36 cases, 36%), with follicular lymphoma being the most frequent subtype(17/36). A variety of solid tumors, most commonly prostate(7) and renal cell cancers(6) also were seen. CT follow up was obtained in 56 patients. Findings in the mesentery were unchanged in 45(80%), worsened in 6(11%), and improved in 5 patients(9%). Positron emission tomography(PET) scans performed in 44 patients only showed a positive uptake in the mesenteric mass in 2 patients(5%). CONCLUSION A new diagnosis of cancer is uncommon in patients with CT findings suggestive of MP. MP-like mesenteric abnormalities on CT generally remain stable in patients with associated malignancies. PET scanning is not recommended in the evaluation of patients with mesenteric panniculitis-like findings on CT.

Tertiary syphilis mimicking hepatic metastases of underlying primary peritoneal serous carcinoma

Tertiary syphilis,especially in cases involving visceral gummatous disease,can be confused with cancer of the solid organs.We report a case of tertiary hepatic syphilis that manifested with intrahepatic masses in a patient who had an underlying primary peritoneal serous carcinoma (PPSC).The patient was diagnosed with PPSC and achieved a complete remission of PPSC following six cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy.Two hepatic nodules developed during the follow-up period and were initially labeled as hepatic metastases from the underlying PPSC,based on radiological findings.A resection of hepatic nodules was performed for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes,because there were no other metastatic foci except in the liver.Unex-pectedly,serology and histology confirmed tertiary sy philis.This rare case emphasizes the importance of including tertiary syphilis in the differential diagnosis of a space-occupying lesion,even with an existing diagn osis of underlying cancer.

Peritoneal seeding from appendiceal carcinoma:A case report and review of the literature

Non-carcinoid appendiceal malignancies are rare entities,representing less than 0.5% of all gastrointestinal malignancies.Because of their rarity and particular biological behavior,a substantial number of patients affected by these neoplasms do not receive appropriate surgical resection.In this report,we describe a rare case of primary signetring cell carcinoma of the appendix with peritoneal seeding which occurred in a 40-year old man admitted at the Emergency Surgery Department with the clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis.After a surgical debulking and right hemicolectomy,the patient had systemic chemotherapy according to FOLFOX protocol.After completion of the latter,the patient underwent cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.This report offers a brief review of the literature and suggests an algorithm for the management of non-carci-noid appendiceal tumors with peritoneal dissemination.

Gastrointestinal perforation in metastatic colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal metastases receiving bevacizumab

AIM:To investigate the safety and efficacy of adding bevacizumab to first-line chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients with peritoneal disease.METHODS:We compared rates of gastrointestinal perforation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and peritoneal disease receiving first-line chemotherapy with and without bevacizumab in three distinct cohorts:(1) the AGITG MAX trial(Phase Ⅲ randomised clinical trial comparing capecitabine vs capecitabine and bevacizumab vs capecitabine,bevacizumab and mitomycin C);(2) the prospective Treatment of Recurrent and Advanced Colorectal Cancer(TRACC) registry(any first-line regimen ± bevacizumab);and(3) two cancer centres in New South Wales,Australia [Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre and Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre(NSWCC) from January 2005 to Decenber 2012,(any first-line regimen ± bevacizumab).For the AGITG MAX trial capecitabine was compared to the other two arms(capecitabine/bevacizumab and capecitabine/bevacizumab/mitomycin C).In the AGITG MAX trial and the TRACC registry rates of gastrointestinal perforation were also collected in patients who did not have peritoneal metastases.Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival,chemotherapy duration,and overall survival.Time-toevent outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.RESULTS:Eighty-four MAX,179 TRACC and 69 NSWCC patients had peritoneal disease.There were no gastrointestinal perforations recorded in either the MAX subgroup or the NSWCC cohorts.Of the patients without peritoneal disease in the MAX trial,4/300(1.3%) in the bevacizumab arms had gastrointestinal perforations compared to 1/123(0.8%) in the capecitabine alone arm.In the TRACC registry 3/126(2.4%) patients who had received bevacizumab had a gastrointestinal perforation compared to 1/53(1.9%) in the chemotherapy alone arm.In a further analysis of patients without peritoneal metastases in the TRACC registry,the rate of gastrointestinal perforations was 9/369(2.4%) in the chemotherapy/bevacizumab group and 5/177(2.8%) in the chemotherapy alone group.The addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy was associated with improved progression-free survival in all three cohorts:MAX 6.9 m vs 4.9 m,HR = 0.64(95%CI:0.42-1.02);P = 0.063;TRACC 9.1 m vs 5.5 m,HR = 0.61(95%CI:0.37-0.86);P = 0.009;NSWCC 8.7 m vs 6.8 m,HR = 0.75(95%CI:0.43-1.32);P = 0.32.Chemotherapy duration was similar across the groups.CONCLUSION:Patients with peritoneal disease do not appear to have an increased risk of gastrointestinal perforations when receiving first-line therapy with bevacizumab compared to systemic therapy alone.

Destruction of Gastric Cancer Cells to Mesothelial Cells by Apoptosis in the Early Peritoneal Metastasis

This study examined the mechanism by which the gastric cancer cells lead to early peritoneal metastasis. HMrSV5 cells, a human peritoneal mesothelial cell line, were co-incubated with the supernatants of gastric cancer cells. Morphological changes of HMrSV5 cells were observed. The cell damage was quantitatively determined by MTT assay. The apoptosis of HMrSV5 cells was observed under transmission electron microscope. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide-stained condensed nuclei was detected by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax was immunochemically evaluated. The results showed that conspicuous morphological changes of apoptosis were observed in HMrSV5 cells 24 h after treatment with the supernatants of gastric cancer cells. The supematants could induce apoptosis of HMrSV5 cells in a time-dependent manner. The supernatants could up-regulate the expression of Bax and suppress that of Bcl-2 in HMrSV5 cells. These findings demonstrated that gastric cancer cells can induce the apoptosis of HPMCs through supernatants in the early peritoneal metastasis, The abnormal expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax may contribute to the apoptosis. Anti-apoptosis drugs promise to be adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.

Prognostic significance of malignant ascites in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis: A systemic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Recent evidence indicates that malignant ascites may be associated with the high malignancy and poor prognosis of gastric cancer(GC)with peritoneal metastasis(PM),but no robust consensus has been reached until now.AIM To evaluate the prognostic significance of malignant ascites in GC patients with PM.METHODS Two independent authors conducted database searches.The searches were performed in the EMBASE,PubMed,and Cochrane Library databases,and the terms used to search included stomach neoplasms,GC,ascites,peritoneal effusion,survival,and survival analysis.Outcomes included overall survival and hazard ratios with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Three pairs of comparisons for measuring survival were made:(1)Patients with ascites vs those without ascites;(2)Patients with massive ascites vs those with mild to moderate ascites;and(3)Patients with massive ascites vs those with no to moderate ascites.RESULTS Fourteen articles including fifteen studies were considered in the final analysis.Among them,nine studies assessed the difference in prognosis between patients with and without malignant ascites.A pooled HR of 1.63(95%CI:1.47-1.82,P<0.00001)indicated that GC patients with malignant ascites had a relatively poor prognosis compared to patients without ascites.We also found that the prognosis of GC patients with malignant ascites was related to the volume of ascites in the six other studies.CONCLUSION GC patients with malignant ascites tend to have a worse prognosis,and the volume of ascites has an impact on GC outcomes.

Peritoneal lavage cytology and carcinoembryonic antigen determination in predicting peritoneal metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer

AIM: To evaluate the role of peritoneal lavage cytology (PLC) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determination of peritoneal washes (pCEA) in predicting the peritoneal metastasis and prognosis after curative resection of gastric cancer.METHODS: PLC and radioimmunoassay of CEA were performed in peritoneal washes from 64 patients with gastric cancer and 8 patients with benign diseases.RESULTS: The positive rate of pCEA (40.6%) was significantly higher than that of PLC (23.4%) (P<0.05).The positive rates of PLC and pCEA correlated with the depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). pCEA was found to have a higher sensitivity and a lower false-positive rate in predicting peritoneal metastasis after curative resection of gastric cancer as compared to PLC. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of patients with positive cytologic findings or positive pCEA results were significantly lower than those of patients with negative cytologic findings or negative pCEA results (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that pCEA was an independent prognostic factor for the survival of patients with gastric cancer.CONCLUSION: Intraoperative pCEA is a more sensitive and reliable predictor of peritoneal metastasis as well as prognosis in patients with gastric cancer as compared to PLC method.

Primary malignant peritoneal mesothelioma mimicking tuberculous peritonitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma(MPM)is a rare malignancy arising in mesothelial cells in the peritoneum.It can be mistaken for many other diseases,such as peritoneal carcinomatosis and tuberculous peritonitis(TBP),because its clinical manifestations are often nonspecific.Therefore,the diagnosis of MPM is often challenging and delayed.CASE SUMMARY A 42-year-old man was referred to our hospital with lower abdominal pain for 1 wk and ascites observed under abdominal sonography.His laboratory findings revealed an isolated elevated tumor marker of carcinoma antigen 125(167.4 U/m L;normal,<35 U/m L),and contrast enhanced computed tomography showed peritoneal thickening.Thus,differential diagnoses of TBP,carcinomatosis of an unknown nature,and primary peritoneal malignancy were considered.After both esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy produced negative findings,laparoscopic intervention was performed.The histopathological results revealed mesothelioma invasion into soft tissue composed of a papillary,tubular,single-cell arrangement of epithelioid cells.In addition,immunohistochemical staining was positive for mesothelioma markers and negative for adenocarcinoma markers.Based on the above findings,TBP was excluded,and the patient was diagnosed with MPM.CONCLUSION It is important to distinguish MPM from TBP because they have similar symptoms and blood test findings.

Pseudo-Meigs syndrome in association with primitive peritoneal tumor

We report the case of a 61-year old woman presented with a voluminous centro-pelvic mass (22 × 17 cm), hydrothorax and ascites. Serum CA-125 was high (11,000 UI/ml). An explorative laparotomy located the mass between the rectum and the posterior wall of the uterus. The histological examination showed a primitive peritoneal tumor with serous and endometrioid differentiations. There was a left ovarian metastasis and both peritoneal and pleural liquids revealed no sign of malignancy. After the incomplete surgery, the hydrothorax and ascites decreased considerably. This association of Pseudo-Meigs’ syndrome with primitive peritoneal tumor is uncommon. To our knowledge this is the first case described through a Medline search.

Collision Neoplasms of the Vermiform Appendix

Neoplasms of the vermiform appendix represent 1% of all gastrointestinal tumors, with epithelial and neuroendocrine histological subtypes being the most frequent. When two or more neoplasms with different components originate synchronically in the appendix with clear margin between them, it is called a collision tumor, with exceptional cases being reported in literature. The purpose is to present two new cases of collision tumors of the appendix and perform a review of the published literature. Two cases of an 82-year-old female and a 41-year-old male with collision tumors of the vermiform appendix are presented, with clinical presentation, radiological evaluation and surgical treatment exposed. Our results are compared with other published reports. In accordance with the other reported cases, both patients presented with low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN). Female patient with synchronous goblet cell carcinoma managed with a completion right colectomy and Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and the other patient with well-differentiated neuroendocrine (NET) tumor managed with laparoscopic appendectomy without adjuvant treatment. Since very few cases have been reported, no diagnostic and therapeutic consensus and guidelines exist up to date. We agree that local, regional, and systemic therapies should be chosen according to the tumor that represents the worst prognosis.

Postoperative complications and critical care management after cytoreduction surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: A systematic review of the literature

BACKGROUND Cytoreductive surgery(CRS)and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC)is a comprehensive treatment option performed for peritoneal surface malignancies.Postoperatively almost all patients are transferred to the intensive care unit electively.AIM To describe the common and rare postoperative complications,postoperative mortality and their critical care management after CRS-HIPEC.METHODS The authors assessed 54 articles for eligibility.Full text assessment identified 14 original articles regarding postoperative complications and critical care management for inclusion into the final review article.RESULTS There is an exaggerated metabolic and inflammatory response after surgery which may be termed as physiological in view of the nature of surgery combined with the use of heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy with/out early postoperative intravenous chemotherapy.The expected postoperative course is further discussed.CRS-HIPEC is a complex procedure with some life-threatening complications in the immediate postoperative period,reported morbidity rates between 12%-60%and a mortality rate of 0.9%-5.8%.Over the years,since its inception in the 1980s,postoperative morbidity and survival have significantly improved.The commonest postoperative surgical complications and systemic toxicity due to chemotherapy as reported in the last decade are discussed.CONCLUSION CRS-HIPEC is associated with a varying rate of postoperative complications including postoperative deaths and needs early suspicion and intensive care monitoring.

胃癌根治术后腹膜复发的危险因素分析

目的探讨胃癌根治术后腹膜复发的危险因素。方法收集2010年1月至2018年12月邢台市中心医院接受胃癌根治术的861例胃腺癌病人的一般资料,按7∶3随机分为训练集(603例)和测试集(258例),并根据术后复发情况将全组病人分为腹膜复发组与非腹膜复发组。在训练集中,采用logistic回归模型分析影响术后腹膜复发的独立相关因素,并建立列线图预测模型。分别应用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线与校准曲线在训练集与测试集中评估模型的预测准确性与一致性。根据列线图分数将全组病人分为3个风险组,比较不同风险组的术后腹膜复发率与化疗获益。结果861例胃癌病人中,99例发生了术后腹膜复发。单因素分析显示,年龄、性别、组织学分级、Lauren分型、pT分期、pN分期、脉管与神经侵犯、辅助化疗与术后腹膜复发显著相关(P<0.05)。基于向后逐步回归法的多因素分析显示,年龄<60岁、女性、弥漫型肿瘤、病理分期晚期是术后腹膜复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。基于以上指标构建列线图预测模型,该模型在训练集与测试集中均具有良好的预测准确性(AUC=0.83)与一致性(Hosmer-Lemeshow P>0.05)。根据列线图分数将全组病人分为低、中、高风险组,3组病人的腹膜复发率分别为1.9%、17.3%、50.0%。不同风险组病人经辅助化疗后其腹膜复发的风险均未发生明显降低。结论年龄<60岁、女性病人与弥漫型、进展期肿瘤是影响胃癌根治术后腹膜复发的独立危险因素。

对比^(18)F-NOTA-FAPI-04与^(18)F-FDGPET/CT显像诊断腹膜转移癌

目的对比^(18)F-成纤维细胞激活蛋白抑制剂(FAPI)-04与^(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断腹膜转移癌(PC)的价值。方法前瞻性纳入42例疑诊PC患者行全身^(18)F-1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷-N,N′,N″-三乙酸(NOTA)-FAPI-04和^(18)F-FDG PET/CT检查,以病理学结果为金标准,比较2种显像的PC指数(PCI)、病灶最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)及靶-背景比(TBR)差异;绘制受试者工作特征曲线,评估2种显像诊断PC效能。结果42例中,病理确诊31例PC。^(18)F-NOTA-FAPI-04诊断PC的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为93.55%、72.73%和88.10%,^(18)F-FDG PET/CT分别为74.19%、54.55%和69.05%,前者的敏感度及准确率均高于后者(P均<0.05);以前者所获PCI、所测PC的SUVmax、TBR均高于后者(P均<0.001)。分别以2.31及2.52为FAPI-SUVmax、FDG-SUVmax的截断值,^(18)F-NOTA-FAPI-04及^(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断PC的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.839及0.630,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002);分别以1.60及0.73为FAPI-TBR、FDG-TBR的截断值,^(18)F-NOTA-FAPI-04及^(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断PC的AUC分别为0.856及0.604,差异亦有统计学意义(P=0.005)。结论^(18)F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT诊断PC较^(18)F-FDG PET/CT更具优势。

奥曲肽对肝叶切除术肝癌患者炎症因子及血流动力学的影响

目的探讨奥曲肽对肝叶切除术肝癌患者炎症因子及血流动力学的影响。方法选择2021年1月至2022年12月吉安县人民医院收治的行肝叶切除术肝癌患者66例,按随机数字表法分为两组,各33例。对照组术后予以常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上应用奥曲肽治疗。比较两组炎症因子、血流动力学、术后腹腔引流量、健康状况及并发症情况。结果给药72 h后,观察组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α、白介素-6、C-反应蛋白水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);给药30 min后,观察组门静脉血流量、心率低于对照组,门静脉主干最大血流速度高于对照组(P<0.05),两组平均动脉压比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后第1 d、2 d、3 d,观察组腹腔引流量均低于对照组(P<0.05);术后第5 d,两组腹腔引流量相当(P>0.05)。给药72 h后,观察组卡氏功能状态评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组胸腔积液发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论奥曲肽的应用能够改善肝叶切除术肝癌患者炎症因子水平及血流动力学,减少腹腔、胸腔积液,促进术后机体康复。

腹膜播散性平滑肌瘤病的诊治进展

腹膜播散性平滑肌瘤病(leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminate,LPD)是一种罕见的、特殊类型的平滑肌瘤病,表现为腹膜、盆腹腔脏器表面多发的平滑肌瘤结节。其发病机制目前尚不明确,主要有腹膜下间充质干细胞化生学说、医源性学说、性激素学说和遗传学说。LPD好发于绝经前女性,临床表现多无明显症状,常通过影像学检查或术中探查偶然发现。其明确诊断需依靠术中探查及术后病理结果,根据病史、术中平滑肌瘤播散的范围、病理等与良性转移性平滑肌瘤病、子宫静脉内平滑肌瘤病及转移性平滑肌肉瘤等鉴别。手术切除是目前首选的治疗方法,手术方式需综合考虑患者的年龄、生育要求、症状等因素,内分泌治疗可作为辅助治疗。该病虽为良性疾病,但有复发和恶变的可能,需长期严密随访。

NOSES对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后腹腔冲洗液肿瘤细胞学及细菌培养结果的影响

【目的】探讨经肛门自然腔道取标本(NOSES)对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后腹腔冲洗液肿瘤细胞学及细菌培养结果的影响。【方法】前瞻性选择2020年5月至2022年1月本院收治的38例直肠癌患者,均行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术。根据随机数字表法并结合患者意愿分组,将其分为NOSES组(16例)和非NOSES组(22例)。比较两组患者术后腹腔冲洗液脱落肿瘤细胞、细菌培养结果。【结果】两组患者术中腹腔冲洗液可见间皮细胞、淋巴细胞,均未见脱落肿瘤细胞,阳性率均为零,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NOSES组16例术中腹腔冲洗液细菌培养4例为阳性,阳性率为25.0%,其中大肠埃希菌3例,屎肠球菌1例,阳性病例中1例患者术后反复高热,CT提示盆腔脓肿,经抗感染、引流后痊愈。非NOSES组22例术中腹腔冲洗液细菌培养有5例为阳性,阳性率为22.7%,其中大肠埃希菌4例,肺炎克雷伯菌1例,未发生腹腔感染等。两组阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.026,P>0.05)。【结论】与传统腹腔镜直肠癌根治术相比,经肛门NOSES腹腔镜直肠癌根治术未明显增加手术肿瘤细胞种植播散及腹腔感染相关风险,符合无菌、无瘤原则。

腹腔加压气溶胶化学治疗在结直肠癌腹膜转移治疗中的研究进展

结直肠癌腹膜转移患者预后不佳,首次确诊时往往已处于晚期。人们对结直肠癌腹膜转移的治疗理念已从姑息治疗转变为以系统化学治疗、肿瘤细胞减灭术联合腹腔热灌注化学治疗等的多学科综合疗法。腹腔加压气溶胶化学治疗(PIPAC)以一种新型腹腔内给药方式被用来治疗不可切除的腹膜转移癌患者,较既往治疗手段具有微创、安全、药物分布均质及渗透肿瘤能力强等优点。基于这些优势,其自2011年首次应用于人体以来,已在世界多国使用。研究者还不断改进着PIPAC的技术模式,研发出了多种新治疗模式。本文对PIPAC主要在结直肠癌腹膜转移治疗中的历史、技术规范、并发症、安全性及预后等进行综述。