Introduction Aging is the accumulation of multidimensional deterioration of process- ing of biological, psychological, and social changes with expansion over time （Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Grady, 2012）. Aging-related...Introduction Aging is the accumulation of multidimensional deterioration of process- ing of biological, psychological, and social changes with expansion over time （Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Grady, 2012）. Aging-related changes are typically accompanied by decline in cognitive function, urinary control, sensory-motor function, and gait ability （Bradley et al., 1991; Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004; Grady, 2012; Moran et al., 2012）. In addition, a number of studies have suggested changes in brain structure with normal aging, such as decrease in cortical thickness or increase in ventricular width （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al., 1997; Uylings and de Brabander, 2002; Preul et al., 2006; Apostolova et al., 2012）. In particular, ventricular enlargement has been suggested as a structural biomarker for normal aging and progression of some illnesses, such as Alzheimer＇s disease （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al.,展开更多
It is very common that increased carotid intima media thickness （CIMT） and carotid plaque coexist in a single subject in elderly patients with white matter lesions （WMLs）. In this study we inves- tigated whether t...It is very common that increased carotid intima media thickness （CIMT） and carotid plaque coexist in a single subject in elderly patients with white matter lesions （WMLs）. In this study we inves- tigated whether the coexistence of increased CIMT and carotid plaque is more strongly associated with the presence and extent of WMLs than either alone. All patients were classified into 1 of the following 4 groups： without either increased CIMT （I） or carotid plaque （P）： I（-）P（-）; with only increased CIMT： I（＋）P（-）; with only carotid plaque： I（-）P（＋）; and with both increased CIMT and carotid plaque： I（＋）P（＋） The presence and severity of periventricular WMLs （PWMLs） and deep WMLs （DWMLs） were as- sessed and the prevalence of MRI findings by the Cochran-Armitage trend test was calculated. The characteristics of subjects showed that the percentages of patients with increased CIMT and carotid plaque in the DWMLs group and the PWMLs group were significantly higher than those without WMLs group. Both DWMLs and PWMLs were strongly associated with age, carotid plaque and CIMT. Furthermore, the Cochran-Armitage trend test indicated that the prevalence of MRI findings of PWMLs and DWMLs increased in the order of I（-）P（-）〈 I（＋）P（-）〈 I（-）P（＋）〈 I（＋）P（＋） （P〈0.0001）. For the pa- tients with DWMLs, the grades of both I（＋）P（-） and I（＋）P（＋） were increased significantly compared to I（-）P（-） （P〈0.0025, P〈0.05, respectively） without such a difference found in patients with PWMLs. Our results suggested that the coexistence of increased CIMT and carotid plaque is most closely associated with WMLs, and that increased CIMT is associated with the severity of DWMLs, whereas carotid plaque is related to the presence of WMLs.展开更多
BACKGROUND： To date, animal models of white matter damage remain controversial. Mild grey matter damage should be the basis for animal models to investigate white matter disease. OBJECTIVE： To establish white matter...BACKGROUND： To date, animal models of white matter damage remain controversial. Mild grey matter damage should be the basis for animal models to investigate white matter disease. OBJECTIVE： To establish white matter damage in neonatal rats and evaluate feasibility of the established model by observing myelination and synaptic ultrastructure. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Histology and Embryology of Guangzhou Medical College from December 2008 to May 2009. MATERIALS： H600 transmission electron microscopy was provided by Hitachi, Japan. METHODS： A total of 39 neonatal, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal control （n = 12）, sham-surgery （n = 12）, and white matter damage （n = 15） groups. White matter damage rats were subjected to right common carotid artery ligation, followed by inhalation of nitrogen oxygen gas mixture （6% oxygen） for 4 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Myelin sheath and synaptic ultrastructure in the injured （right） hippocampal CA1 region in 1-month-old rats were observed through the use of transmission electron microscopy, and pathological changes in the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum of the right hemisphere were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS： Obvious tissue loss was observed in the corpus callosum of the injured （right） hemisphere. Injured oligodendrocytes and disrupted myelination were observed in the white matter damage group. However, synaptic length in the active zones, width of synaptic cleft, thickness of postsynaptic density, and curvature of the synaptic interface remained unchanged following injury, compared with the control and sham-surgery groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The established white matter damage model resulted in changes in myelination and slightly altered synaptic ultrastructures. The model could function as an ideal model for white matter damage in neonatal rats.展开更多
目的:探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者脑白质疏松与认知障碍及功能结局的关系。方法:选取哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院神经内科病房住院治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者共100例。采用简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、汉...目的:探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者脑白质疏松与认知障碍及功能结局的关系。方法:选取哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院神经内科病房住院治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者共100例。采用简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)对其进行认知功能评价,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)、改良RANKIN量表(mRs)、日常生活能力量表(BI)评分对其进行功能结局评价。基于Fazekas方法将脑白质疏松分为脑室旁(periventricular hyperintensities,PVH)及深部白质病变deep white matter hyperintensities,DWMH),并分开分级,各分为4级(0~3级),将认知功能评分及功能结局评分与以上白质疏松程度进行相关性分析。结果:PVH阳性组患者的年龄高于对照组,且脑白质疏松程度越严重,年龄越大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PVH和DWMH阳性组患者的MMSE评分、MoCA评分均低于对照组,且脑白质疏松程度越严重,MMSE评分、MoCA评分越低,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);PVH和DWMH阳性组患者的NIHSS评分、mRs评分均高于对照组,且脑白质疏松程度越严重,NIHSS评分、mRs评分越高,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);PVH和DWMH阳性组患者的BI评分均低于对照组,且脑白质疏松程度越严重,BI评分越低,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);PVH和DWMH均与认知功能评分MMSE、MoCA相关,与功能结局评分NIHSS、mRs相关;且前者为负相关,后者为正相关;而且,DWMH与PVH相比,与认知功能及功能结局具有显著的相关。结论:脑白质疏松程度加重,认知功能评分随之下降,功能预后评分随之增加,提示脑白质疏松程度的加重,可作为急性缺血性脑卒中患者认知功能障碍及不良功能预后的预测因素;而且,深部白质病变与侧脑室旁病变相比,与认知功能及功能结局的相关性更大。展开更多
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, No. 2012R1A1B4003477
文摘Introduction Aging is the accumulation of multidimensional deterioration of process- ing of biological, psychological, and social changes with expansion over time （Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Grady, 2012）. Aging-related changes are typically accompanied by decline in cognitive function, urinary control, sensory-motor function, and gait ability （Bradley et al., 1991; Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004; Grady, 2012; Moran et al., 2012）. In addition, a number of studies have suggested changes in brain structure with normal aging, such as decrease in cortical thickness or increase in ventricular width （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al., 1997; Uylings and de Brabander, 2002; Preul et al., 2006; Apostolova et al., 2012）. In particular, ventricular enlargement has been suggested as a structural biomarker for normal aging and progression of some illnesses, such as Alzheimer＇s disease （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al.,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30970962)
文摘It is very common that increased carotid intima media thickness （CIMT） and carotid plaque coexist in a single subject in elderly patients with white matter lesions （WMLs）. In this study we inves- tigated whether the coexistence of increased CIMT and carotid plaque is more strongly associated with the presence and extent of WMLs than either alone. All patients were classified into 1 of the following 4 groups： without either increased CIMT （I） or carotid plaque （P）： I（-）P（-）; with only increased CIMT： I（＋）P（-）; with only carotid plaque： I（-）P（＋）; and with both increased CIMT and carotid plaque： I（＋）P（＋） The presence and severity of periventricular WMLs （PWMLs） and deep WMLs （DWMLs） were as- sessed and the prevalence of MRI findings by the Cochran-Armitage trend test was calculated. The characteristics of subjects showed that the percentages of patients with increased CIMT and carotid plaque in the DWMLs group and the PWMLs group were significantly higher than those without WMLs group. Both DWMLs and PWMLs were strongly associated with age, carotid plaque and CIMT. Furthermore, the Cochran-Armitage trend test indicated that the prevalence of MRI findings of PWMLs and DWMLs increased in the order of I（-）P（-）〈 I（＋）P（-）〈 I（-）P（＋）〈 I（＋）P（＋） （P〈0.0001）. For the pa- tients with DWMLs, the grades of both I（＋）P（-） and I（＋）P（＋） were increased significantly compared to I（-）P（-） （P〈0.0025, P〈0.05, respectively） without such a difference found in patients with PWMLs. Our results suggested that the coexistence of increased CIMT and carotid plaque is most closely associated with WMLs, and that increased CIMT is associated with the severity of DWMLs, whereas carotid plaque is related to the presence of WMLs.
基金the Science and Technology Program of Medical Health of Guang-zhou, No. 2008-YB-173a Grant from Guangdong Provincial Health Depart-ment, No. A2009271
文摘BACKGROUND： To date, animal models of white matter damage remain controversial. Mild grey matter damage should be the basis for animal models to investigate white matter disease. OBJECTIVE： To establish white matter damage in neonatal rats and evaluate feasibility of the established model by observing myelination and synaptic ultrastructure. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Histology and Embryology of Guangzhou Medical College from December 2008 to May 2009. MATERIALS： H600 transmission electron microscopy was provided by Hitachi, Japan. METHODS： A total of 39 neonatal, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal control （n = 12）, sham-surgery （n = 12）, and white matter damage （n = 15） groups. White matter damage rats were subjected to right common carotid artery ligation, followed by inhalation of nitrogen oxygen gas mixture （6% oxygen） for 4 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Myelin sheath and synaptic ultrastructure in the injured （right） hippocampal CA1 region in 1-month-old rats were observed through the use of transmission electron microscopy, and pathological changes in the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum of the right hemisphere were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS： Obvious tissue loss was observed in the corpus callosum of the injured （right） hemisphere. Injured oligodendrocytes and disrupted myelination were observed in the white matter damage group. However, synaptic length in the active zones, width of synaptic cleft, thickness of postsynaptic density, and curvature of the synaptic interface remained unchanged following injury, compared with the control and sham-surgery groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The established white matter damage model resulted in changes in myelination and slightly altered synaptic ultrastructures. The model could function as an ideal model for white matter damage in neonatal rats.
文摘目的:探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者脑白质疏松与认知障碍及功能结局的关系。方法:选取哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院神经内科病房住院治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者共100例。采用简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)对其进行认知功能评价,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)、改良RANKIN量表(mRs)、日常生活能力量表(BI)评分对其进行功能结局评价。基于Fazekas方法将脑白质疏松分为脑室旁(periventricular hyperintensities,PVH)及深部白质病变deep white matter hyperintensities,DWMH),并分开分级,各分为4级(0~3级),将认知功能评分及功能结局评分与以上白质疏松程度进行相关性分析。结果:PVH阳性组患者的年龄高于对照组,且脑白质疏松程度越严重,年龄越大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PVH和DWMH阳性组患者的MMSE评分、MoCA评分均低于对照组,且脑白质疏松程度越严重,MMSE评分、MoCA评分越低,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);PVH和DWMH阳性组患者的NIHSS评分、mRs评分均高于对照组,且脑白质疏松程度越严重,NIHSS评分、mRs评分越高,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);PVH和DWMH阳性组患者的BI评分均低于对照组,且脑白质疏松程度越严重,BI评分越低,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);PVH和DWMH均与认知功能评分MMSE、MoCA相关,与功能结局评分NIHSS、mRs相关;且前者为负相关,后者为正相关;而且,DWMH与PVH相比,与认知功能及功能结局具有显著的相关。结论:脑白质疏松程度加重,认知功能评分随之下降,功能预后评分随之增加,提示脑白质疏松程度的加重,可作为急性缺血性脑卒中患者认知功能障碍及不良功能预后的预测因素;而且,深部白质病变与侧脑室旁病变相比,与认知功能及功能结局的相关性更大。
