Discrete element method for adhesion properties evaluation of deep-sea sediment from macro and micro perspectives

The adhesion between the mining machine and the deep-sea sediments will significantly affect the driving performance of the mining machine in the deep-sea environment.When the mining machine and the deep-sea sediment interaction simulation was carried out,the accuracy of the particle interaction parameters will directly affect the simulation results.This study proposed a method to systematically calibrate the interaction parameters between deep-sea sediment and grouser through the combination of experiment and simulation.The uniaxial compression test and macro adhesion test and corresponding discrete element numerical simulation were carried out,modifying the contact parameters until the simulation results are close to the experimental results.Then the micro-parameters of the JKR adhesion contact model were back calibrated with the test results,and the contact parameters between soil particle-soil particle and soil particle-metal are calibrated.Besides,the adhesion test shows that the adhesion forces were ranked in the order of 5052<STi80<TA2<TC4 under the same surface roughness,which indicates the aluminum alloy 5052 has the best anti-adhesion performance.The relationship between surface adhesion force and microscopic contact parameters was studied by discrete element numerical simulation,and the result shows that the coefficient of static friction and the coefficient of rolling friction has little effect on adhesion force.While it is mainly affected by the coefficient of restitution and surface energy,the surface adhesion force tends to decrease with the increase of the coefficient of restitution and increase with the growth of surface energy.The obtained parameters of soil particle to soil particle and soil particle to metal affecting the adhesion can contribute to the design optimization for the grouser of mining machines to decrease surface adhesion and enhance its movability and mining efficiency.

Relationship between serum adhesion molecules, trace elements and delayed union of tibial and fibula fractures

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum adhesion molecules, trace elements and delayed union of tibial and fibula fractures.Methods:A total of 46 patients with delayed union of tibial and fibula fractures in our hospital from May 2014 to June 2016 were selected as the observation group, 46 patients with normal healing of tibial and fibula fractures were selected as the control group, then the serum adhesion molecules and trace elements levels of two groups at forth, eighth and sixteenth week after the surgery were compared.Results:The serum dhesion molecules levels of observation group at forth, eighth and sixteenth week after the surgery were all higher than those of control group, the serum trace elements levels were all lower than those of control group, and the serum adhesion molecules levels of two groups at eighth week after the surgery were all higher than those at other time, the trace elements levels were all lower than those at other time (allP<0.05).Conclusions:The serum adhesion molecules and trace elements of patients with delayed union of tibial and fibula fractures show obviously abnormal state, so those indexes of those patients should be paid to more monitoring and improvement.

Finite element analysis of multi-piece post-crown restoration using different types of adhesives

The multi-piece post-crown technique is more effective in restoring residual root than other restoration techniques.Various types of adhesives have different material properties that affect restoration.Therefore,the choice of adhesive is particularly important for patients.However,the effect of different kinds of adhesives was not too precise by experimental methods when concerning about individual differences of teeth.One tooth root can only be restored with one type of adhesive in experiment.After the mechanical test,this tooth root cannot be restored with other adhesives.With the help of medical imaging technology,reverse engineering and finite element analysis,a molar model can be reconstructed precisely and restored using different types of adhesives.The same occlusal and chewing loads were exerted on the same restored residual root models with different types of adhesives separately.Results of von Mises stress analysis showed that the adhesives with low Young’s modulus can protect the root canal effectively.However,a root canal concentration is apparently produced around the root canal orifice when chewing.Adhesives with large Young’s modulus can buffer the stress concentration of the root canal orifice.However,the root canal tissue may be destroyed because the adhesive is too hard to buffer the load.

Adhesion coefficient of automobile tire and road surface

The adhesion coefficient of automobile tire and road surface was analyzed and the formula about it was derived.Some suggestions about highway construction,driving safety of the drivers and the judgment of the traffic accidents were presented.The results show that the adhesion coefficient is a function with the extreme value.If there is atmospheric pressure in the tire,the load of the vehicle and the degree of the coarse on the road surface is not selected properly,it will reach the least and affect the safety of the running automobile.

输水工程中淡水壳菜侵蚀混凝土的机理研究

淡水壳菜附着在输水建筑物内壁会导致混凝土性能劣化,研究淡水壳菜附着规律与侵蚀混凝土的微观机理对建筑物防护对策的制定具有重要价值。本文研究了淡水壳菜在输水建筑物内部附着规律、足丝入侵机制、体长空间差异性;通过原位混凝土硬度、侵蚀深度测试,分析了淡水壳菜对混凝土物理性质的影响;基于侵蚀前后混凝土微观形貌、化学元素变化及XRD衍射图谱,解析了淡水壳菜对混凝土侵蚀的微观机理,提出了侵蚀后混凝土的物相转化机制。结果表明:淡水壳菜附着密度在渡槽内部自入口到出口呈现出衰减规律;在倒虹吸内部附着密度呈现出沿程波动特点,但总体稳定。淡水壳菜平均垂向分离力与体长呈正相关关系;淡水壳菜体长在大尺度空间上表现为“南方长,北方短”特点,相差10 mm,体长分布形式符合高斯分布。淡水壳菜长期附着下,混凝土硬度降低、侵蚀深度有所增加;微观形貌疏松多孔,Ca、Fe等元素流失;混凝土的侵蚀产物主要为二氧化硅。

CFRP层合板单搭胶接接头胶板界面剥离强度仿真分析

基于异材界面奇异应力场理论,以CFRP层合板单搭胶接结构为对象,通过有限元和实验的方法分析了结构承载时板胶结合界面上出现的应力分布,锁定界面剥离强度关键区域,通过网格无关的有限元应力比值法提升仿真求解精度,最大限度还原板胶界面应力分布,着重探讨了多层各向异性CFRP板与传统均质材料在仿真过程和结果的差异,及搭接长度、胶层厚度、结构胶参数等对板胶界面应力分布及起裂点位置的影响,为板胶界面剥离应力的优化、胶接工艺的改进和单搭胶接接头强度的提升提供理论支撑。结果表明:各层参数不同的CFRP板胶界面承载时,剥离应力的最大处需由三个维度共同约束,其中两个维度的约束结果与均质材料相同,极值位于板胶界面垂直于拉伸方向的边缘,实际结构中失效的起始亦常见于此处,第三维度受层合板多层异性影响,该边缘上应力最大的点既不位于该边缘的中点也不位于界面角部,具体位置由材料参数和胶接结构共同影响。

多种材料与不同含水率土壤的离散元接触参数标定

现有土壤与触土部件材料间的接触参数适用范围较窄,难以模拟高含水率下的作业状况。为了探索多种材料与不同含水率土壤的粘附情况,更加准确地解决触土部件与土壤的粘附问题,以南方稻茬田土壤为研究对象,应用EDEM中的Hertz-Mindlin with JKR Cohesion模型,对不同含水率的土壤与45号钢、超高分子量聚乙烯(ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPE)、聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)的接触参数进行标定。在前期试验的基础上,以碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦系数、滚动摩擦系数和JKR为试验因素,土壤的滚动距离为试验指标设计了Box-Behnken四因素三水平试验。最后对所得回归模型进行优化,得到了含水率21%、26%、31%(±1%)的土壤与45号钢、UHMWPE、PTFE的碰撞恢复系数、静摩擦系数、滚动摩擦系数以及JKR的最优参数。仿真滚动距离与实测滚动距离的最大相对误差为3.46%,说明标定的参数准确可靠,可以为触土部件在进行减粘脱附设计时提供参考。

调控界面应力分布增强干黏附材料的黏附力

干黏附材料利用分子间作用力产生黏附性能,凭借其可重复使用等特点,在机器人技术及精密制造中有着重要的应用。为使干黏附材料受拉时接触界面应力更加均匀,提高其黏附力,对微米级羰基铁粉颗粒/聚二甲基硅氧烷磁流变弹性体干黏附材料进行结构设计,通过改变羰基铁粉的质量分数和外加磁场,制备了弹性模量沿半径方向变化的多级复合样品和梯度模量样品,黏附强度分别达到8.0 N/cm^(2)和11.4 N/cm^(2),相较于羰基铁粉质量分数(60%)相同的均质样品,多级复合样品和梯度分布样品的黏附强度分别提升了35%和77%。结合有限元仿真结果可知,弹性模量径向分布设计能有效降低边缘应力集中,由于梯度模量样品界面正应力分布更均匀,因此其黏附增强效果比多级复合样品更显著。

混合相结冰条件下多段翼的撞击黏附与积冰的数值模拟

随着飞机结冰问题研究的深入,混合相结冰问题已经成为研究热点。本文使用了阻力模型、黏附模型和结冰热力学模型来计算混合相结冰条件下的准三维多端翼的结冰情况。首先对多段翼进行了网格划分和空气流场计算。然后进行了数值模拟计算,分析了混合相结冰条件下冰晶的撞击、黏附和积冰特征。结果表明,在本研究的条件下,冰晶的黏附质量流量很高,会对飞行安全造成威胁,并且冰晶在溢流水区域也会发生黏附。此外,随着液态水含量(Liquid water content,LWC)与总水含量(Total water content,TWC)比值的升高,冰晶更容易黏附在表面并参与表面结冰。

非平衡磁控溅射W掺杂类金刚石薄膜的制备与性能研究

为了研究W掺杂对类金刚石薄膜性能的影响,采用非平衡磁控溅射方法,通过改变WC靶功率,在YG6硬质合金基体上制备了5组不同W原子百分数(0%~14%)的含氢类金刚石薄膜(a-C:H:W)。用扫描电镜分析了薄膜的形貌,用拉曼光谱分析了薄膜的微观结构,分别用纳米压痕仪、划痕仪、摩擦磨损试验仪测试了薄膜的纳米硬度、膜基结合力和摩擦学性能。结果表明,a-C:H:W薄膜表面为丘状颗粒,随着WC靶功率的增加,颗粒尺寸先减小后增加;W掺杂可促进薄膜的石墨化;W原子百分数为4%的薄膜的临界划痕力Lc2值达到78.28 N,磨损率为5.8×10^(-8)mm^(3)/(N·m),摩擦因数为0.09。

基于细胞黏附的不同微结构3D打印多孔生物支架流体力学有限元分析

目的研究不同孔形态结构的3D打印支架应用于骨再生时对细胞黏附的影响。方法利用MSLattice软件设计四种具有不同孔形态的支架结构,分别是立方形(Cubic)、六边形(Hexagon)、钻石形(Diamond)和螺旋形(Gyroid)。利用有限元分析(Finite element method,FEM)和计算机流体建模(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的原理,使用Simenns Star CCM+软件对四种支架内部流体域进行组织液流动模拟,模拟细胞黏附过程,测量支架内组织液流速和压力、组织液的渗透率和黏附层厚度。结果当液体流经四种支架后,压力会被逐渐削弱,但由于支架相对规则,压力均呈现出梯度分布,组织液流经四种支架前的压力值模拟按顺序依次为:Gyroid>Cubic>Diamond>Hexagon。流速:Cubic>Gyroid>Diamond>Hexagon。四种支架的渗透率:Diamond>Hexagon>Cubic>Gyroid。黏附层厚度:Gyroid>Hexagon>Cubic>Diamond。结论流体力学分析结果显示,Gyroid支架具有更低的渗透率和最高的黏附层厚度,更有利于细胞黏附。

绝缘密封工艺胶型筛选及管壳结构优化

阐述了微电子封装气密性要求,提出了绝缘密封技术中胶型的筛选条件。通过制定试验流程,对比样品试验前后剪切力及漏率的变化,验证了不同型号密封胶密封性能及可靠性。通过ANSYS软件建立管壳有限元模型,分析了温度循环过程不同尺寸胶粘封帽管壳应力分布情况。基于管壳应力仿真结果提出结构优化方案,通过对比试验结果与仿真结果验证了结构优化的正确性。

Design and experiment of anti-adhesion rototiller based on staggered double-roller scraping

In order to solve the serious problem of soil adhering blade roller in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,the anti-adhesion rototiller based on staggered double-roller scraping(ARSDS)was designed by mechanical scraping methods.The volume equation for scraping the soil adhesion part with staggered rotary blades was constructed.The mechanical conditions for separation of soil adhesion part from blade roller were clarified,and the contact time between rotary blade and soil during rotary tillage was analyzed.By this way,the key parameters affecting soil adhering on and separating from the blade roller were determined,which were rotational speed,cutting pitch and tillage depth.The spatial and temporal trajectory changes for the sidelong section edge of staggered rotary blades were analyzed,so that the rotary blade arrangement was obtained.Combining the discrete element method,selecting the soil adhesion mass on the staggered blade rollers as the response value established prediction model by Box-Behnken design test.For example,taking the tillage depth of 14 cm for wheat cultivation in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,the optimal combination of parameters was determined to be 230 r/min and 10 cm for rotational speed and cutting pitch,respectively.At this time,the soil adhesion mass was 4566.67 g.In the meantime,the process of soil particles adhering staggered blade rollers and rotary blades scraping off the adhering soil were clarified.Field experiments have shown that the operation quality of ARSDS met the requirements of rototiller performance indexes.In the rice stubble field of high water moisture,the soil adhesion mass was 13.455 kg and 38.215 kg for ARSDS and conventional rototiller,respectively,which indicated that ARSDS effectively reducing soil adhesion mass.The research results can provide technical support for the design of rototiller reducing soil adhesion in the agricultural areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

三维有限元下后牙牙体缺损修复的研究现状

根管治疗后的牙齿脆性强、强度弱,在长期发挥咀嚼功能的过程中可能会造成牙体劈裂,磨牙最为明显,因此需要制作“冠类”修复体进行保护。随着修复材料及粘接技术的迭代更新,牙体缺损的修复方式日趋多样化、微创化。牙齿是行使咀嚼功能的受力器官,很多学者利用三维有限元分析法对牙体缺损的不同修复方式模拟受力分析,以期从材料力学角度对这些修复方式进行对比,为临床使用提供依据。本文就三维有限元分析法在牙体缺损修复所涉及的修复体种类、修复材料、粘接及垫底等方面的研究进行系统阐述。

基于夹持粘贴式的光纤光栅传感器力热耦合测试

针对力热耦合环境中对结构件应变测试的准确获取问题,提出一种基于夹持粘贴式与温度补偿解耦的裸光纤光栅传感器应变测试方法。首先,通过有限元分析对比夹持粘贴式、表面粘贴式两种与基材集成方式的应变传递率,两者应变传递率分别为99.47%与95.8%;然后,以光纤胶粘应变传递理论及有限元仿真分析不同标距比对夹持粘贴式光纤光栅传感器应变传递率的影响,发现随着标距比增加,应变传递率逐渐衰减。基于粘贴形式与标距比分析结果,选取标距比为1的夹持式裸光纤光栅与基材粘贴集成为试验件,同时集联一条裸光纤光栅温度传感器,在完成对光纤光栅温度/应变标定测试后,进行100~250℃、3 000με范围内的试验件梯度高温拉伸测试。实验结果表明,利用温度补偿法解耦出光纤光栅传感器测量的应变结果与标准高温应变片结果的平均相对误差最大值为2.26%。该研究结果对高温下光纤光栅传感器应变测量与集成的工程应用具有一定参考意义。

胶接结构Ⅲ型断裂性能研究

设计了能够真实反映Ⅲ型断裂的边缘环裂纹转转试验,讨论了胶黏剂种类和厚度对胶接结构失效模式的影响。结合峰值转矩和应变能释放率进一步揭示胶接结构的断裂特性。通过试验与仿真对比,推导出考虑厚度效应的内聚力模型参数表达式。研究表明,Araldite 2015胶的峰值转矩和应变能释放率随着胶黏剂厚度增加而增加,E⁃120HP胶和WD3705胶的峰值转矩和应变能释放率随着胶厚的增加呈现先增大后减小的规律。为合理评估胶黏剂种类和厚度对Ⅲ型断裂下胶接结构的失效机制的影响提供依据。

发动机黏接界面损伤破坏过程细观数值仿真

目的揭示拉伸加载下发动机黏接界面的损伤破坏规律,以及典型参数对该损伤破坏过程的影响规律。方法以建立的含预制宏观裂纹的硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂装药的黏接界面结构的细观有限元模型为基础,开展发生推进剂内聚损伤破坏、推进剂/衬层黏接界面损伤破坏和混合型损伤破坏的数值仿真计算,讨论不同损伤破坏形式下的裂纹扩展规律,以及推进剂基体强度、颗粒/基体黏接界面模量和强度、推进剂/衬层黏接界面模量和强度对损伤位置和损伤程度等的影响规律。结果颗粒/基体黏接界面的“脱湿”是发生推进剂内聚损伤破坏时的主要损伤形式,损伤临界应变阈值约为30%。推进剂/衬层黏接界面损伤破坏时,裂纹扩展路径与预制裂纹方向一致。混合型损伤破坏包括颗粒/基体黏接界面“脱湿”、推进剂/衬层黏接界面脱黏和推进剂基体撕裂,裂纹在推进剂/衬层黏接界面发生扩展的临界应变阈值约为20%,颗粒/基体黏接界面发生“脱湿”损伤及裂纹扩展的临界应变阈值约为60%。推进剂基体强度、颗粒/基体黏接界面强度和推进剂/衬层黏接界面强度对装药黏接界面结构损伤破坏的影响更为显著,前2个参数的增大均能导致发生“脱湿”损伤的位置向推进剂/衬层黏接界面移动,黏接界面结构损伤破坏模式发生转变的临界推进剂/衬层黏接界面强度阈值处于0.80~1.00MPa。结论NEPE推进剂装药的黏接界面结构的损伤破坏形式和损伤程度随细观结构模型材料参数的不同而发生改变。

水泥橡胶沥青混凝料与公路面层粘接性能研究

为了研究水泥橡胶沥青混凝土公路路面层间粘接性能,在原材料中掺入6.0%的水泥,借助车轮碾压制备试件。分析车轮轮胎接地压力,采用三维有限元模型展示路面结构,考虑不同行车方向和弹性弹簧部分粘弹性,构建剪切模量和拉拔模量方程。在低温-10、常温20、高温40℃状态下,测试复合试件直接剪切、拉拔力学性能,并分析不同温度区间层间粘接程度变化规律。结果表明,所研究方法剪切强度和拉拔强度与实际研究过程中的数值一致,粘接强度仅在40℃下与实际值存在最大为0.05 N/mm^(2)的误差。

粗糙度对硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层附着力影响

目的研究基体粗糙度对涂层附着力的影响。方法选取LY12铝合金、硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层为研究对象,开展不同粗糙度下涂层与基体间附着力的影响关系研究,确定粗糙度对涂层机械附着力的微观作用机理,并通过有限元软件ABAQUS6.12建立硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层/铝合金基体的界面损伤粘结模型,模拟涂层/基体界面从起始剥离到完全开裂的过程,并通过对比分析不同基体粗糙度与涂层S22应力值的关系,从而验证基体表面粗糙度对涂层附着力的作用机理为机械互锁理论。结果随着基体表面粗糙度的增加,涂层的附着强度逐渐增大,但二者并不呈线性关系,当硅烷环氧杂化树脂涂层的厚度为(30±2)um时,铝合金基体表面粗糙度Ra=(3.6~4.8)um范围内,可保证涂层较好的附着力。结论凹凸不平的基体表面可增大涂层/基体间的接触面积,可以使涂层与基体像铆钉一样牢固结合,从而提高涂层与基体的吸附作用力。

一款埋置二极管PCB制作技术

消费者对电子消费类产品的需求日新月异,但是多功能及小型化是其中2个不变的主题,这促使设计人员将更多的功能集成在一个封装中,以满足该需求,同时这种需求也带动了各种小型化技术的迅速发展。埋嵌元件基板由于元器件的三维配置而使印制电路板(PCB)或者模组小型化,缩短元件之间的连接路径,降低传输损失,是一种可以实现便携式电子设备多功能化和高性能化的安装技术。分享了一款埋嵌二极管的产品制作加工过程,针对产品重点和难点问题进行分析改善,对二极管焊接对位精度及层压填胶等关键技术进行分析研究。