公共服务动机的副作用:文献评述与机制探究

公共服务动机是公共管理领域长久不衰的重要议题,也是公共部门组织行为研究的持续焦点。公共服务动机常与积极的工作态度和行为相关联,但近年来一些研究发现公共服务动机会正向影响消极满意度、职业倦怠、缺勤等一系列消极的工作态度、心理健康和工作行为。论文利用PRISMA方法对现有讨论公共服务动机负面影响的文献进行全面梳理与总结,并借鉴个体-环境(不)匹配理论和工作需求-资源模型,揭示公共服务动机在作为自变量与调节变量时产生负面结果的机制差异,具体为:“物极必反”效应——个体-环境匹配在公共服务动机与工作投入的关系间发生催化作用;“负正得负”效应——公共服务动机增强个体-环境不匹配与资源损耗间的关系。未来研究可关注上述负面结果的可复制性,挖掘组织层面的负面影响,以及开发缓解公共服务动机负面结果的工具,从理论与实践层面重视公共服务动机的副作用。

低成本二代镍基单晶高温合金的研究进展

镍基单晶高温合金因其优异的高温力学性能,目前已广泛应用于制备航空发动机中的单晶涡轮叶片。Re元素的添加在显著提高单晶高温合金蠕变性能的同时,也显著增加了合金的成本。因此,研发新型低Re含量(低成本)和蠕变性能优异的单晶高温合金具有重要的意义。本文对比了几种低成本二代单晶高温合金与典型二代单晶高温合金CMSX-4的中温与高温蠕变性能,并从γ相和γ'相的固溶强化程度、γ/γ'错配度和有效扩散系数三个参量,探讨了二代单晶高温合金中温与高温蠕变性能的主控因素,发现高温蠕变性能的主控因素是γ相的固溶强化程度与γ/γ'错配度,而中温蠕变性能的主控因素是γ'相的固溶强化程度。以此为基础,提出了低成本二代单晶高温合金的成分设计策略。

2D-C/SiC复合材料的面内剪切本构模型

为了表征2D-C/SiC复合材料的面内剪切行为,考虑基体开裂、界面脱粘、纤维桥连弯曲等损伤机制,提出宏细观两尺度下的含损伤体元模型;引入热失配应力的影响,在分别表征卸载弹性应变和残余应变的基础上,建立材料的温度相关面内剪切本构模型。开展室温单调加载和加卸载面内剪切实验,发现残余应变和弹性应变均随剪应力的增大逐渐增大,而卸载模量随剪应力的增大持续减小。将模型用于2D-C/SiC复合材料剪切行为的模拟,结果表明:模型对于弹性应变、残余应变、卸载模量和整体应力-应变曲线的预测值均与实验数据吻合,验证了分析模型的合理性与准确性;在此基础上,给出2D-C/SiC复合材料在不同温度下的面内剪切应力-应变关系曲线,为热结构设计提供参考。

MISFIT及MISFIT-GOODNESS在同址记录一致性中的应用研究

对同址观测的地震计所记录的安静时段背景噪声、天然地方震、远震事件分别进行MISFIT分析,并参考MISFIT-GOODNESS的结果,给出两台地震计记录一致性的评价,对基于不同目的波形分析给出使用记录波形的合理频段范围,提高数据应用的可靠性。

基于弹性波动方程的局部尺度走时反演

弹性波全波形反演(EFWI)充分利用了地震波的运动学和动力学信息,通过最小化目标泛函来反演地下高精度的纵横波速度参数.但是,当地震数据缺失低频分量时,EFWI易产生周期跳跃问题,严重影响纵横波速度参数的反演精度.为此,本文提出基于弹性波动方程的局部尺度走时反演方法(ELTI),来同步恢复纵横波速度模型的低波数分量,进而实现缓解EFWI周期跳跃的目标.该方法充分利用了弹性波全波场的局部尺度走时信息,能够对纵横波速度参数进行同步反演,很好地解决了常规波动方程走时反演方法只能获得纵波速度参数的缺陷.此外,由于ELTI方法同时利用了弹性波全波场的走时信息,可以有效获得深部区域纵横波速度模型的低波数分量,并为EFWI提供较好的初始速度模型.本文首先,利用局部尺度分解来提取弹性波全波场数据的局部尺度走时信息,并利用观测数据与模拟数据的局部尺度走时差构建ELTI目标函数;其次,结合链式法则和伴随状态法详细推导了ELTI目标函数对应的纵横波速度参数梯度算子;最后,结合L-BFGS优化算法同步更新纵横波速度模型.Marmousi模型测试结果表明,基于弹性波动方程的局部尺度走时反演方法可以很好地获得地下纵横波速度参数的低波数分量,从而缓解EFWI的周期跳跃问题.

低驱动场钙钛矿铁电超薄薄膜设计及其多态隧穿特性

铁电隧穿结通常为金属-超薄铁电薄膜-金属三明治结构,利用铁电极化状态调控量子隧穿效应获得不同电阻态,实现数据存储功能.其因读写速度快、功耗低、存储密度高及非易失性存储等特点,成为了新一代信息存储技术重要发展方向.然而,这种超薄铁电薄膜因极化翻转电场大、速度高,往往存在局部温度升高、稳定性降低等问题,因此,进一步降低铁电薄膜驱动电场对铁电隧穿器件设计至关重要.研究表明,铁电薄膜可通过调控衬底应变使其处于多畴共存状态,各畴之间翻转驱动电场随着能量势垒的降低而大幅降低.该文基于WKB近似的电子隧穿理论并结合Landau唯象理论,研究了衬底应变对铁电驱动电场、量子隧穿特性及隧穿电阻开关比的影响.计算结果表明:通过衬底应变调控,经典钙钛矿铁电薄膜PbTiO_(3)和BaTiO_(3)同时存在面外向上、向下极化以及面内极化3种电阻状态,有效驱动电场可降低至25 MV/m,比单畴铁电隧穿结驱动电场减少了76%.研究结果为低能耗、多阻态铁电存储器件设计提供了理论基础.

Equilibrium position of misfit dislocation dipole and critical parameters of buried strained nanoscale inhomogeneity in system of viscoelastic matrix

A theoretical model was suggested which describes the generation of the misfit dislocation dipole in the system of the viscoelastic matrix containing a circular stiff nanoscale inhomogeneity.The critical condition of misfit dislocation dipole and the solution of equilibrium position were given.The influence of the ratio of shear modulus,the misfit strain and viscosity on the equilibrium of the dislocation and critical parameter of inhomogeneity was investigated.The result shows that the equilibrium position de increases with the increase of the ratio of original shear modulus and the effect decreases with the increase of viscosity of matrix.Along with the increase of viscosity of matrix,de first increases and then decreases and possesses maximum value when t=0.3τ and tends to a stable value when t≥1.0τ.Along with the increase of viscosity of matrix,Rc first decreases and then increases and possesses minimum value when t=0.3τ and tends to a stable value when t≥1.0τ.

Reflection full-waveform inversion using a modified phase misfit function

Reflection full-waveform inversion （RFWI） updates the low- and high- wavenumber components, and yields more accurate initial models compared with conventional full-waveform inversion （FWI）. However, there is strong nonlinearity in conventional RFWI because of the lack of low-frequency data and the complexity of the amplitude. The separation of phase and amplitude information makes RFWI more linear. Traditional phase-calculation methods face severe phase wrapping. To solve this problem, we propose a modified phase-calculation method that uses the phase-envelope data to obtain the pseudo phase information. Then, we establish a pseudophase-information-based objective function for RFWI, with the corresponding source and gradient terms. Numerical tests verify that the proposed calculation method using the phase-envelope data guarantees the stability and accuracy of the phase information and the convergence of the objective function. The application on a portion of the Sigsbee2A model and comparison with inversion results of the improved RFWI and conventional FWI methods verify that the pseudophase-based RFWI produces a highly accurate and efficient velocity model. Moreover, the proposed method is robust to noise and high frequency.

Effect of H impurity on misfit dislocation in Ni-based single-crystal superalloy:molecular dynamic simulations

The effect of H impurity on the misfit dislocation in Ni-based single-crystal superalloy is investigated using the molecular dynamic simulation. It includes the site preferences of H impurity in single crystals Ni and Ni3Al, the interaction between H impurity and the misfit dislocation and the effect of H impurity on the moving misfit dislocation. The calculated energies and simulation results show that the misfit dislocation attracts H impurity which is located at the γ/γ′ interface and Ni3Al and H impurity on the glide plane can obstruct the glide of misfit dislocation, which is beneficial to improving the mechanical properties of Ni based superalloys.

Misfit strains inducing voltage decay in LiMn_(y)Fe_(1-y)PO_(4)/C

LiMn_(y)Fe_(1-y)PO_(4) is considered a promising cathode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) due to its high energy density and low cost. Its energy density degradation is often ascribed to the capacity loss during cycling. However, in this study, we find that the energy density degradation mainly roots in voltage decay. We have synthesized a series of LiMn_(y)Fe_(1-y)PO_(4) /C(0.5 ≤ y ≤ 0.8) and find this voltage decay is correlated with the Mn content. A high amount Mn leads to a heavier voltage decay.In-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) reveal the nature of this effect, which show a mismatch along the b-axis of-2.68%(charge) and +3.4%(discharge), a volume misfit of-4.41%(charge) and +4.54%(discharge) between Li_(x)Mn_(y)Fe_(1-y)PO_(4) and Mn_(y)Fe_(1-y)PO_(4) during phase transitions. The resultant misfit strains during Li+insertion compared to extraction result in structural degradations, such as amorphization and impurity(Mn F3) accumulation after cycling. The voltage decay can be alleviated by kinetic relaxations and recovered by a wild reannealing. This work demonstrates effective strategies to improve the energy density and cycling performance of LiMn_(y)Fe_(1-y)PO_(4) /C,providing good references for other LIB cathodes, such as the Li-rich cathodes.

Non-uniform,axisymmetric misfit strain:in thin films bonded on plate substrates/substrate systems:the relation between non-uniform film stresses and system curvatures

Current methodologies used for the inference of thin film stress through curvature measurements are strictly restricted to stress and curvature states which are assumed to remain uniform over the entire film/substrate system. By considering a circular thin film/substrate system subject to non-uniform, but axisymmetric misfit strain distributions in the thin film, we derived relations between the film stresses and the misfit strain, and between the plate system＇s curvatures and the misfit strain. These relations feature a “local” part which involves a direct dependence of the stress or curvature components on the misfit strain at the same point, and a “non-local” part which reflects the effect of misfit strain of other points on the location of scrutiny. Most notably, we also derived relations between the polar components of the film stress and those of system curvatures which allow for the experimental inference of such stresses from full-field curvature measurements in the presence of arbitrary radial non-uniformities. These relations also feature a “non-local” dependence on curvatures making a full-field measurement a necessity. Finally, it is shown that the interfacial shear tractions between the film and the substrate are proportional to the radial gradients of the first curvature invariant and can also be inferred experimentally.

Thermoelectric Properties of Misfit Layered Bismuth-Based Rhodium Oxides, (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂Rh₂O_y

Rhodium oxides, including a misfitlayered structure with alternate stacking of a rock salttype layer and a hexagonal RhO2 layer, are expected to have good thermoelectric properties. Among them, the thermoelectric properties (electrical conductivity (σ), Seebeck coefficient (S), Figure of merit (ZT) and calculated thermal conductivity (κ) by S, σ, ZT, and absolute temperature (T)) of bismuth-based rhodium oxides ((Bi1-x,Pbx) 2Sr2Rh2Oy, x = 0 and 0.02, hereafter BSR and BPSR, respectively) were investigated. In comparison with Bi2Sr2Co2Oy (BSC) at 700°C, S and κ enhanced (increased S, 110 (BSR) and 105 μV K-1 (BPSR) from 85 μV K-1 (BSC) and decreased κ, 0.32 (BSR) and 0.50 W m-1 K-1 (BPSR) from 1.75 W m-1 K-1 (BSC)), whereas σ decreased (15 (BSR) and 31 S cm-1 (BPSR) from 70 S cm-1 (BSC)). BPSR reached the highest ZT value of 0.067 at 700°C, compared to those of 0.056 (BSR) and 0.027 (BSC).

Bonding Strength of Ni/Ni3Al Interface with Different Lattice Misfit

The interfacial binding covalent bond density (CBD) and the local environmental total bond order (LTBO) of the Ni/Ni3Alinterface with different lattice misfits (δ) were calculated by using first-principles discrete variation Xα method. It was foundthat the effects of lattice misfits on the electronic structures of incoherent Ni/Ni3Al interface were very obvious. On one hand,less than -0.6% negative lattice misfit can promote the binding strength of γ/γ′ interface. On the other hand, the totalbonding strength of γ/γ′ interface decreases with increasing δ. Therefore, the magnitude and sign of lattice misfit must becarefully controlled for balancing the high temperature creep strength of Ni-base single crystal superalloy and the structuralstability of γ/γ′interface when one designs a new Ni-base single crystal superalloy.

Modification of the Peierls-Nabarro model for misfit dislocation

For a misfit dislocation,the balance equations satisfied by the displacement fields are modified,and an extra term proportional to the second-order derivative appears in the resulting misfit equation compared with the equation derived by Yao et al.This second-order derivative describes the lattice discreteness effect that arises from the surface effect.The core structure of a misfit dislocation and the change in interfacial spacing that it induces are investigated theoretically in the framework of an improved Peierls-Nabarro equation in which the effect of discreteness is fully taken into account.As an application,the structure of the misfit dislocation for a honeycomb structure in a two-dimensional heterostructure is presented.

Electron delocalization enhances the thermoelectric performance of misfit layer compound(Sn_(1-x)Bi_(x)S)_(1.2)(TiS_(2))_(2)

The misfit layer compound(SnS)_(1.2)(TiS_(2))_(2)is a promising low-cost thermoelectric material because of its low thermal conductivity derived from the superlattice-like structure.However,the strong covalent bonds within each constituent layer highly localize the electrons thereby it is highly challenging to optimize the power factor by doping or alloying.Here,we show that Bi doping at the Sn site markedly breaks the covalent bonds networks and highly delocalizes the electrons.This results in a high charge carrier concentration and enhanced power factor throughout the whole temperature range.It is highly remarkable that Bi doping also significantly reduces the thermal conductivity by suppressing the heat conduction carried by phonons,indicating that it independently modulates phonon and charge transport properties.These effects collectively give rise to a maximum ZT of 0.3 at 720 K.In addition,we apply the single Kane band model and the Debye–Callaway model to clarify the electron and phonon transport mechanisms in the misfit layer compound(SnS)_(1.2)(TiS_(2))_(2).

Nankai Trough Velocity Structure Reconstruction using FWI of Wide-angle OBS Data with Graph-space Optimal Transport Misfit Function

Technical development oriented on the detailed seismic imaging and velocity model building coupled with rapid increase of the computing power available nowadays make it possible to process large volumes of seismic data using numerically intensive approaches based the wavefield propagation.

Person-job fit and work-life balance of female nurses with cultural competence as a mediator: evidence from Nigeria

Objective: This study investigated the mediating effect of cultural competence in the relationship between person-job (P-J) fit and work-life balance among female nurses. Methods: Participants included 216 (mean age = 31.12;SD = 9.16) female nurses that were conveniently selected from two Federal Teaching hospitals in Nigeria. Three questionnaires via the perceived fit scale, cultural competence scale, and work-life balance scale were utilized for data collection. Data were analyzed using both the Pearson Product Moment Correlation and PROCESS macro statistical tools. Results: Results revealed that both P-J fit and cultural competence positively and significantly associated with work-life balance. Also, cultural competence partially mediated the relationship between P-J fit and work-life balance of nurses. Conclusions: The cultural competence enhances the capacity of nurses to balance work and family roles. Therefore, cultural competence training that enhances nurses’ capabilities to handle cultural diversities of patients is essential.

Robust elastic impedance inversion using L1-norm misfit function and constraint regularization

The classical elastic impedance （EI） inversion method, however, is based on the L2-norm misfit function and considerably sensitive to outliers, assuming the noise of the seismic data to be the Guassian-distribution. So we have developed a more robust elastic impedance inversion based on the Ll-norm misfit function, and the noise is assumed to be non-Gaussian. Meanwhile, some regularization methods including the sparse constraint regularization and elastic impedance point constraint regularization are incorporated to improve the ill-posed characteristics of the seismic inversion problem. Firstly, we create the Ll-norm misfit objective function of pre-stack inversion problem based on the Bayesian scheme within the sparse constraint regularization and elastic impedance point constraint regularization. And then, we obtain more robust elastic impedances of different angles which are less sensitive to outliers in seismic data by using the IRLS strategy. Finally, we extract the P-wave and S-wave velocity and density by using the more stable parameter extraction method. Tests on synthetic data show that the P-wave and S-wave velocity and density parameters are still estimated reasonable with moderate noise. A test on the real data set shows that compared to the results of the classical elastic impedance inversion method, the estimated results using the proposed method can get better lateral continuity and more distinct show of the gas, verifying the feasibility and stability of the method.

Misfit-layered compound PbTiS_3 with incommensurate modulation:Transmission electron microscopy analysis and transport properties

The microstructural characteristic of the misfit-layered compound PbTiS3 has been studied with transmission electron microscopy. All the incommensurate modulation-induced satellite spots and main diffraction spots of basic sublattices can be indexed systematically with a superspace group method. Finally, the relationship between the electronic transport properties and the crystal structure is discussed.

Critical misfit of epitaxial growth metallic thin films

The critical misfit of epitaxial growth metallic thin films f_c was thermodynamically considered. It is found that there exists a competition between the energy of the misfit dislocation of film and non-coherent interface energy of film-substrate. Equilibrium between these energies was present at a critical atomic misfit f_c. When the atomic misfit is larger than the critical value, epitaxial growth does not occur. The critical misfit of the epitaxial growth thin films can be predicted. The results show that f_c is proportional to the non-coherent interface energy of the film-substrate, and inversely proportional to the elastic modulus and the thickness of the film.