Correlation of personality with individual reproductive success in shrub-nesting birds depends on their life history style

Two questions in the research of animal personality—whether there is a correlation between a personality trait and individual reproductive success,and what is the genetic basis underlying a personality trait—remain unresolved.We addressed these two questions in three shrub-nesting birds,the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus,AM),White-collared Blackbird(Turdus albocinctus,WB),and Brown-cheeked Laughingthrush(Trochalopteron henrici,BL).The personality type of an individual was first identified according to its response to a territorial intruder.Then,we compared the fleeing distance,breeding parameters,and differential expressed genes(DEGs) in the brain transcriptome between bold and shy breeders.In the three species,bold breeders exhibited more aggressiveness towards an intruder of their territory than did shy breeders.The reproductive success of bold breeders was significantly higher than that of shy breeders in AM but not in WB and BL.The three species shared one DEG,crabp1,which was up-regulated in bold relative to in shy individuals.By regulating the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone,higher crabp1 gene expression can decrease cellular response to retinoic acid.Therefore,bold individuals are insensitive to external stresses and able to exhibit more aggressiveness to intruders than their shier counterparts.Aggressiveness is beneficial to bold individuals in AM but not in WB and BL because the former could evoke neighbors to make the same response of defending against intruders but the latter could not.Although a personality trait may have the same genetic basis across species,its correlation with reproductive success depends largely on the life history style of a species.

The Impact of Big Five Personality Traits on Older Europeans’ Physical Health

Investigating the role of Big Five personality traits in relation to various health outcomes has been extensively studied. The impact of “Big Five” on physical health is here explored for older Europeans with a focus on examining age groups differences. The study sample included 378,500 respondents derived from the seventh data wave of Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The physical health status of older Europeans was estimated by constructing an index considering the combined effect of well-established health indicators such as the number of chronic diseases, mobility limitations, limitations with basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and self-perceived health. This index was used for an overall physical health assessment, for which the higher the score for an individual, the worst health level. Then, through a dichotomization process applied to the retrieved Principal Component Analysis scores, a two-group discrimination (good or bad health status) of SHARE participants was obtained as regards their physical health condition, allowing for further con-structing logistic regression models to assess the predictive significance of “Big Five” and their protective role for physical health. Results showed that neuroti-cism was the most significant predictor of physical health for all age groups un-der consideration, while extraversion, agreeableness and openness were not found to significantly affect the self-reported physical health levels of midlife adults aged 50 up to 64. Older adults aged 65 up to 79 were more prone to open-ness, whereas the oldest old individuals aged 80 up to 105 were mainly affected by openness and conscientiousness. .

Justification of and Response to the Specificity of Workers’Personality Rights

The pervasive existence of subordination in the work-place endows workers’personality rights with a distinct specificity that differs from other civil subjects.The specificity of workers’personality rights is primarily manifested in three aspects:the exercise of rights is restricted by the employer;personality rights infringements often accompany violations of workers’economic property rights;and the scope of rights is not limited to the duration of employment.To respond to the specificity arising in the labor domain,certain disputes concerning workers’personality rights should be handled through labor dispute resolution procedures.In individual cases,judicial authorities should differentiate among protection levels based on the specific type of personality rights involved,with a focus on examining the reasons,methods,and extent of the employer’s restrictive actions,thereby establishing a practical and reasonable review system.。

Revolutionizing diabetic retinopathy screening and management:The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)remains a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness among individuals with diabetes,necessitating innovative approaches to screening and management.This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)in revolutionizing DR care.AI and ML technologies have demonstrated remarkable advancements in enhancing the accuracy,efficiency,and accessibility of DR screening,helping to overcome barriers to early detection.These technologies leverage vast datasets to identify patterns and predict disease progression with unprecedented precision,enabling clinicians to make more informed decisions.Furthermore,AI-driven solutions hold promise in personalizing management strategies for DR,incorpo-rating predictive analytics to tailor interventions and optimize treatment path-ways.By automating routine tasks,AI can reduce the burden on healthcare providers,allowing for a more focused allocation of resources towards complex patient care.This review aims to evaluate the current advancements and applic-ations of AI and ML in DR screening,and to discuss the potential of these techno-logies in developing personalized management strategies,ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and reduce the global burden of DR.The integration of AI and ML in DR care represents a paradigm shift,offering a glimpse into the future of ophthalmic healthcare.

Revisiting dexamethasone dosage in COVID-19 management

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has necessitated rapid advancements in therapeutic strategies,with dexamethasone emerging as a key treatment for severe cases.This editorial discusses the systematic review conducted by Sethi et al,published in the World Journal of Virology.The review critically examines the efficacy and safety of varying dosages of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19 patients,providing a comprehensive meta-analysis that underscores the current clinical recommendations favoring a low-dose regimen.Despite these findings,the review highlights the potential benefits of tailored dosages for specific patient subgroups,suggesting a need for personalized treatment approaches.This editorial expands on the implications of these findings,advocating for the integration of evolving clinical data into treatment protocols and calling for further research into patient-specific responses to therapy.It emphasizes the importance of adaptability and precision in pandemic response,urging the medical community to consider both the robustness of existing evidence and the potential for innovative approaches to enhance patient outcomes in the face of global health challenges.

The genetics of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease:Towards precision medicine

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and heterogeneous disease.IBD is commonly classified into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.It is linked to serious symptoms and complications.The onset of IBD commonly occurs during adolescence.Despite the significant number of cases globally(~5 million),the causes of pediatric IBD,which constitutes 25%of IBD patients,are not yet fully understood.Apart from environmental factors,genetic factors contribute to a higher risk of developing IBD.The predisposition risk of IBD can be investigated using genetic testing.Genetic mechanisms of pediatric IBD are highly complex which resulted in difficulty in selecting effective treatment or patient management.Genetic variation of IBD would serve as a basis for precision medicine and allow for the discovery of more robust treatment avenues for this condition in pediatric patients.This review aims to discuss the genetics of pediatric IBD,and current development in the screening,diagnosis,and treatment based on genetic profiling of pediatric IBD subjects toward more personalized management of this disease.

Evaluating the scope of human leukocyte antigen polymorphisms influencing hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer and cirrhosis through multi-clustering analysis

Hepatitis B virus remains a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,with genetic polymorphisms and mutations influencing immune responses and disease progression.Nguyen et al present novel findings on specific human leukocyte antigen(HLA)alleles,including rs2856718 of HLA-DQ and rs3077 and rs9277535 of HLA-DP,which may predispose individuals to cirrhosis and liver cancer,based on multi-clustering analysis.Here,we discuss the feasibility of this approach and identify key areas for further investigation,aiming to offer insights for advancing clinical practice and research in liver disease and related cancers.

Interpretation of Independent Personality in Jane Eyre

A very successful image of feminism is created in this novel:Jane Eyre,written by Charlotte Bronte.Jane Eyre grows up from a penniless and pathetic girl into a totally independent new woman economically and emotionally.This essay will introduce the background and the purpose of writing Jane Eyre,then take the independent personality of Jane Eyre as the main body and explore her feminist consciousness,end with some enlightenment from the independent personality in Jane Eyre.

Impact of personality and coping mechanisms on health-related quality of life in liver transplantation recipients

With the great development of liver transplantation in China, long survival and quality of life after liver transplantation have been matters of growing interest. This study was designed to investigate the impact of personality and coping skills on the quality of life after liver transplantation. METHODS:Fifty-five outpatients who had been followed up after liver transplantation at our center were assessed by general quality of life inventory (GQOLI-74 ), a medical coping modes questionnaire (MCMQ), an eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), and a general condition questionnaire (GCQ). RESULTS: The score for material well-being was the lowest (63.22±12.67) and for psychological well-being the highest (73.43±12.60) in 4 dimensions of the GQOLI in post transplantation patients. Their main coping method was confrontation (21.40±3.70). The main characteristics of their personality were extraversation (E score 12.96±4.13) and neuroticism (N score 8.20±4.90) . The total score of the GQOLI was positively correlated with confrontation and E score, and it was negatively correlated with acceptance and N score. The physical well-being positively associated with the E score. The psychological well-being was positively correlated with confrontation and L score, and was negatively correlated with acceptance, P and N score. Social well-being was positively correlated with confrontation and E score, and was negatively correlated with acceptance and N score. Material well-being was not correlated with coping methods and personality. CONCLUSION:The quality of life in post liver transplantation patients is associated with their psychological characteristics.

Influences of personality characteristics and coping modes on anxiety in primary glaucoma patients

AIM: To examine the influences of personality characteristics and coping modes on the anxiety of primary glaucoma patients.METHODS: A total of 200 individuals, including 50 with primary angle-closure glaucoma, 60 with primary open angle glaucoma and 90 control participants, filled out the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire. Sociodemographic information was also collected. Data were analyzed via the Spearman rank correlation test and stepwise regression.RESULTS: The personality and coping variables are predictive and jointly account for a significant amount (45.3%-54.2%) of variance across the two subscales of anxiety measures. Notably, neuroticism seems to be most closely related to anxiety disturbances in glaucoma patients. The level of resignation is positively linked to anxiety scores.CONCLUSION: Some personality factors and coping modes help to predict the process of anxiety disorders in primary glaucoma patients. Recognizing the predictive role of these variables in the patients may further enrich clinical research in glaucoma and help to design more effective interventions involving both ophthalmology and psychiatry.

Development of alexithymic personality features

The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature regarding the development of alexithymic personality features. Modern brain imaging technologies provide interesting data on the associations of alexithymia with different aberrations in brain function related to emotion regulation; however, the development of these deviations is poorly understood. A notable amount of research covers the relation of alexithymia to differentenvironmental factors. Many of these associations, for example, with low socio-economic status and general psychopathology in childhood, are well established. However, the retrospective and cross-sectional designs commonly used in these studies, as well as the use of self-report measures, hinder the ability to firmly establish causality. Certain individual developmental factors, such as lagging speech development and congenital cardiac malformations in childhood, have been associated with the development of alexithymia. Regarding the stability of alexithymia, a systematic review of the literature was conducted for this paper. In addition to being characterized as a personality feature in the general population, alexithymia also clearly has a state-like dimension that results in increases and decreases in alexithymic features in conjunction with mental disorder symptoms. An essential question is whether the alexithymic features in adulthood are, in fact, infantile features of a restricted ability to identify and describe emotions that simply persist in individuals through adolescence to adulthood. To firmly establish the roots of alexithymia development, longitudinal studies, particularly in younger populations, are needed. Furthermore, multifaceted study settings are encouraged.

Personality factors and profiles in variants of irritable bowel syndrome

AIM: To study the association between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) variants (constipation,diarrhea,or both) and personality traits in non-psychiatric patients. METHODS: IBS was diagnosed using the Rome Ⅱ diagnostic criteria after exclusion of organic bowel pathology. The entry of each patient was confirmed following a psychiatric interview. Personality traits and the score of each factor were evaluated using the NEO Five Factor Inventory. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty patients were studied. The mean age (± SD) was 33.4 (± 11.0) year (62% female). Subjects scored higher in neuroticism (26.25 ± 7.80 vs 22.92 ± 9.54,P < 0.0005),openness (26.25 ± 5.22 vs 27.94 ± 4.87,P < 0.0005) and conscientiousness (32.90 ± 7.80 vs 31.62 ± 5.64,P < 0.01) compared to our general population derived from universities of Iran. Our studied population consisted of 71 patients with Diarrhea dominant-IBS,33 with Constipation dominant-IBS and 46 with Altering type-IBS. Scores of conscientiousness and neuroticism were significantly higher in C-IBS compared to D-IBS and A-IBS (35.79 ± 5.65 vs 31.95 ± 6.80,P = 0.035 and 31.97 ± 9.87,P = 0.043,respectively). Conscientiousness was the highest dimension of personality in each of the variants. Patients with C-IBS had almost similar personality profiles,composed of higher scores for neuroticism and conscientiousness,with low levels of agreeableness,openness and extraversion that were close to those of the general population. CONCLUSION: Differences were observed between IBS patients and the general population,as well as between IBS subtypes,in terms of personality factors. Patients with constipation-predominant IBS showed similar personality profiles. Patients with each subtype of IBS may benefit from psychological interventions,which can be focused considering the characteristics of each subtype.

Path analysis of relationship among personality, perceived stress, coping, social support, and psychological outcomes

AIM: To provide a structural model of the relationship between personality traits, perceived stress, coping strategies, social support, and psychological outcomes in the general population.METHODS: This is a cross sectional study in which the study group was selected using multistage cluster and convenience sampling among a population of 4 million. For data collection, a total of 4763 individuals were asked to complete a questionnaire on demographics, personality traits, life events, coping with stress, social support, and psychological outcomes such as anxiety and depression. To evaluate the comprehensive relation-ship between the variables, a path model was fitted.RESULTS: The standard electronic modules showed that personality traits and perceived stress are important determinants of psychological outcomes. Social support and coping strategies were demonstrated to reduce the increasing cumulative positive effects of neuroticism and perceived stress on the psychological outcomes and enhance the protective effect of extraversion through decreasing the positive effect of perceived stress on the psychological outcomes. CONCLUSION: Personal resources play an important role in reduction and prevention of anxiety and depression. In order to improve the psychological health, it is necessary to train and reinforce the adaptive coping strategies and social support, and thus, to moderate negative personality traits.

The Role of Internet Pornography Use and Cyber Infidelity in the Associations between Personality, Attachment, and Couple and Sexual Satisfaction

Although adults in romantic relationships currently show more openness to online sexual behaviors [1], these behaviors can nevertheless increase couple conflicts and instability [2]. In the current study, we assess the mediating role of Internet pornography use and cyber infidelity in the relationship between 1) personality and attachment, and 2) couple and sexual satisfaction. A total of 779 participants in couple relationships (average age = 29.9 years) completed a series of online questionnaires. According to their responses, 65% of participants visited an adult site at least once during the six months preceding the study, while 16.3% did so multiple times per week. Path model results showed that Internet pornography use and cyber infidelity were sequential mediators between, on the one hand, personality and attachment, and on the other hand, couple and sexual satisfaction. The discussion highlights the importance of properly documenting the correlates of online sexual behavior to better understand new couple realities and dynamics.

Neuroticism personality trait is associated with Quality of Life in patients with Chronic Heart Failure

AIM: To evaluate Quality of life(QoL) in chronic heart failure(CHF) in relation to Neuroticism personality trait and CHF severity.METHODS: Thirty six consecutive, outpatients with Chronic Heart Failure(6 females and 30 males, mean age: 54 ± 12 years), with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% at optimal medical treatment at the time of inclusion, were asked to answer the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire(KCCQ) for Quality ofLife assessment and the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory for personality assessment. All patients un-derwent a symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle-ergometer, in order to access CHF severity. A multivariate linear regression analysis us-ing simultaneous entry of predictors was performed to examine which of the CHF variables and of the person-ality variables were correlated independently to QoL scores in the two summary scales of the KCCQ, namely the Overall Summary Scale and the Clinical Summary Scale.RESULTS: The Neuroticism personality trait score had a significant inverse correlation with the Clinical Sum-mary Score and Overall Summary Score of the KCCQ(r =-0.621, P < 0.05 and r =-0.543, P < 0.001, respec-tively). KCCQ summary scales did not show significant correlations with the personality traits of Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. Mul-tivariate linear regression analysis using simultaneous entry of predictors was also conducted to determine the best linear combination of statistically significant univari-ate predictors such as Neuroticism, VE/VCO2 slope and VO2 peak, for predicting KCCQ Clinical Summary Score. The results show Neuroticism(β =-0.37, P < 0.05), VE/VCO2 slope(β =-0.31, P < 0.05) and VO2 peak(β = 0.37, P < 0.05) to be independent predictors of QoL. In multivariate regression analysis Neuroticism(b =-0.37, P < 0.05), the slope of ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide output during exercise,(VE/VCO2 slope)(b =-0.31, P < 0.05) and peak oxygen uptake(VO2 peak),(b = 0.37, P < 0.05) were independent predictors of QoL(adjusted R2 = 0.64; F = 18.89, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Neuroticism is independently associat-ed with QoL in CHF. QoL in CHF is not only determined by disease severity but also by the Neuroticism person-ality trait.

Understanding Nonverbal Communication Cues of Human Personality Traits in Human-Robot Interaction

With the increasing presence of robots in our daily life,there is a strong need and demand for the strategies to acquire a high quality interaction between robots and users by enabling robots to understand users’mood,intention,and other aspects.During human-human interaction,personality traits have an important influence on human behavior,decision,mood,and many others.Therefore,we propose an efficient computational framework to endow the robot with the capability of understanding the user’s personality traits based on the user’s nonverbal communication cues represented by three visual features including the head motion,gaze,and body motion energy,and three vocal features including voice pitch,voice energy,and mel-frequency cepstral coefficient(MFCC).We used the Pepper robot in this study as a communication robot to interact with each participant by asking questions,and meanwhile,the robot extracts the nonverbal features from each participant’s habitual behavior using its on-board sensors.On the other hand,each participant’s personality traits are evaluated with a questionnaire.We then train the ridge regression and linear support vector machine(SVM)classifiers using the nonverbal features and personality trait labels from a questionnaire and evaluate the performance of the classifiers.We have verified the validity of the proposed models that showed promising binary classification performance on recognizing each of the Big Five personality traits of the participants based on individual differences in nonverbal communication cues.

A Comparative Study of Quality of Family, Social Relationships and Type D Personality in Cardiovascular Patients and Non-Patients

This study aims to compare the quality of family and social relationships and Type D personality in cardiovascular patients with normal people. In this research, 300 individuals (n = 150 male, 150 female) are divided in two groups of patient (n = 150) and non-patients (n = 150) were selected as samples from the author’s offices (both private and his office in Mazandaran Heart Center). They attended in this study filling the questionnaires of “Pierce Quality relations” and “Personality Inventory (DS14)”. In order to analyze data, First observations were described by the help of descriptive statistics methods including tables, graphs, and indices of central tendency and distribution. Then, observations were described by inferential statistics methods such as univariate and multivariate analysis of variance and then were analyzed by SPSS. Out of the 300 participants, 108 patients (36%) had the mean age of 52 to 63 years old and 30 patients (10%) were 30 to 40 years old. This study showed that there is a significant difference between cardiovascular patients and control group in terms of quality of family and social relationships and Type D personality (P < 0.01). Cardiovascular patients have lower quality of family and social relationships, social support, as well as lower depth of relationships, and also higher relationship conflict than normal people. Also cardiovascular patients have higher type D personality than normal people (P < 0.01). In general, research findings indicate the importance of psychological factors associated with coronary artery disease.

Personality Traits and Facebook Use: The Combined/Interactive Effect of Extraversion, Neuroticism and Conscientiousness

This study examined the influence of Big Five personality traits on Facebook usage and examined the interactions of traits in this context based on Torgersen’s (1995) typological approach. The effect of self-esteem, narcissism, loneliness, shyness and boredom proneness on Facebook usage was also investigated. The sample included both student (N = 190) and (N = 184) non-student samples. Narcissism was the strongest predictor of time spent on Facebook per day for both students and non-students. Narcissism was also the strongest predictor of number of daily logins for non-students, however, agreeableness was the strongest predictor of logins for students. Extraversion was the strongest predictor of number of Facebook friends for both students and non- students, however the interaction of Extraversion and Neuroticism was also a predictor of Facebook friends for students, and the interaction of Extraversion and Conscientiousness for non-students. Future research should consider the combined effect of personality traits on overall Facebook use.

Personality traits and self-harm behaviors among Chinese children and adolescents: The mediating effect of psychological resilience

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that personality traits are associated with self-harm(SH)in adolescents.However,the role of resilience in this association remains unclear.Our research aims to explore the hypothesized mediation effect of resilience in the relationship between personality traits and SH in Chinese children and adolescents.AIM To evaluate resilience as a mediator of the association between personality traits and SH.METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey involving 4471 children and adolescents in Yunnan province in southwestern China was carried out.Relevant data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to identify associated factors of SH.A path model was used to assess the mediation effect of resilience with respect to personality traits and SH association.RESULTS Among the 4471 subjects,1795 reported SH,with a prevalence of 40.1%(95%CI:34.4%-46.0%).All dimensions of personality traits were significantly associated with SH prevalence.Resilience significantly mediated the associations between three dimensions of personality(extroversion,neuroticism,psychoticism)and SH,accounting for 21.5%,4.53%,and 9.65%,respectively,of the total associations.Among all dimensions of resilience,only emotional regulation played a significant mediation role.CONCLUSION The results of the study suggest that improving emotion regulation ability might be effective in preventing personality-associated SH among Chinese children and adolescents.

A Research on Wordsworth's Poems——The Personality of Nature

As the representative of the British romanticism,Wordsworth’s poems are full of natural images.In this paper,"The Tintern Abbey","The Daffodils"and"The Solitary Reaper"are to be taken as examples to respectively analyze the personalities of nature in Wordsworth’s poems,namely pureness,vitality and hope.