Recent advances and perspectives of zinc metal-free anodes for zinc ion batteries

Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs) are recognized as potential energy storage devices due to their advantages of low cost, high energy density, and environmental friendliness. However, zinc anodes are subject to unavoidable zinc dendrites, passivation, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reactions during the charging and discharging of batteries, becoming obstacles to the practical application of ZIBs. Appropriate zinc metal-free anodes provide a higher working potential than metallic zinc anodes, effectively solving the problems of zinc dendrites, hydrogen evolution, and side reactions during the operation of metallic zinc anodes. The improvement in the safety and cycle life of batteries creates conditions for further commercialization of ZIBs. Therefore, this work systematically introduces the research progress of zinc metal-free anodes in “rocking chair” ZIBs. Zinc metal-free anodes are mainly discussed in four categories: transition metal oxides,transition metal sulfides, MXene(two dimensional transition metal carbide) composites, and organic compounds, with discussions on their properties and zinc storage mechanisms. Finally, the outlook for the development of zinc metal-free anodes is proposed. This paper is expected to provide a reference for the further promotion of commercial rechargeable ZIBs.

Assessment of public perspectives and barriers towards dengue preventive practices using the Health Belief Model in Puducherry,India:A cross-sectional study

Objective:To assess the perspectives and barriers towards dengue preventive practices among the residents of Puducherry,India.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 300 households in Puducherry,using a population-proportionate(7:3)distribution from urban and rural areas by grid sampling.One adult interview per household was conducted and the participants were selected using a KISH grid.A semi-structured questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model(HBM)with additional questions on knowledge assessment was used.Knowledge was assessed based on the correctness of answers and the HBM scores were calculated on a 5-point Likert scale.Participants were categorized based on the median score under each domain.Logistic regression was used for adjusted analysis and models were built to predict the performances in each domain.Results:Four percent of the participants lacked basic knowledge regarding dengue transmission.While 208(69.3%)participants did not consider themselves at risk of contracting dengue within the next year,majority perceived dengue as a disease with low severity.Around 49.3%(148)were skeptical about the benefit of time and money spent on dengue prevention.Inadequate government efforts were stated as the major barrier(47.0%)and frequent reminders(142,47.3%)as the major cue to action.Age above 50 years(aOR 1.78,95%CI 1.04-3.06,P=0.037)and rural locality(aOR 2.68,95%CI 1.52-4.71,P=0.001)were found to be significantly associated with poor knowledge scores.Urban participants had a significantly higher chance to perceive low susceptibility as compared to the rural counterparts(aOR 1.74,95%CI 1.05-2.9,P=0.03).Participants with less than a high school education had low perceived benefits(aOR 2.46,95%CI 1.52-3.96,P<0.001)and low self-efficacy scores(aOR 2.66,95%CI 1.61-4.39,P<0.001).Conclusions:This study identifies key gaps in dengue prevention,including low perceived susceptibility,mild disease perception,limited knowledge of breeding sites,and overreliance on government efforts.Tailoring interventions to community needs,stratified to factors influencing the community perspectives can significantly improve dengue prevention efforts.

Current perspectives of viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis represents a major danger to public health,and is a globally leading cause of death.The five liver-specific viruses:Hepatitis A virus,hepatitis B virus,hepatitis C virus,hepatitis D virus,and hepatitis E virus,each have their own unique epidemiology,structural biology,transmission,endemic patterns,risk of liver complications,and response to antiviral therapies.There remain few options for treatment,in spite of the increasing prevalence of viral-hepatitiscaused liver disease.Furthermore,chronic viral hepatitis is a leading worldwide cause of both liver-related morbidity and mortality,even though effective treatments are available that could reduce or prevent most patients’complications.In 2016,the World Health Organization released its plan to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by the year 2030,along with a discussion of current gaps and prospects for both regional and global eradication of viral hepatitis.Today,treatment is sufficiently able to prevent the disease from reaching advanced phases.However,future therapies must be extremely safe,and should ideally limit the period of treatment necessary.A better understanding of pathogenesis will prove beneficial in the development of potential treatment strategies targeting infections by viral hepatitis.This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on each type of viral hepatitis,together with major innovations.

Mistreatment during Childbirth: Impact on Maternal Outcomes and Importance of Provider Perspectives

Background: Dying in childbirth is one of the most common causes of death for women. While maternal mortality rates, defined as deaths per 100,000 live births, have been steadily dropping in most countries worldwide, maternal mortality rates have doubled in the United States in the last twenty years. This commentary examines the various contributing factors to this trend. Methods: A literature review was performed using the keywords: maternal mortality, United States, disrespectful maternity care, obstetric violence, provider perspectives, and disparities. Maternal mortality statistics were obtained from the World Health Organization website. Results: Medical factors associated with maternal mortality include increased maternal age and cardiovascular conditions. Social factors include barriers to healthcare access, delays in receiving medical care, reduction in reproductive health services in some states, and non-obstetrical deaths such as accidents, domestic violence, and suicide. Racial inequities and disparities of care are reflected in higher maternal mortality rates for minorities and people of color. Disrespectful maternity care or obstetric violence has been reported worldwide as a factor in delay of lifesaving obstetrical care and reluctance by a pregnant person to access the healthcare system. About one in five US women has reported experiencing mistreatment, varying from verbal abuse to lack of privacy, from coerced procedures to neglect during childbirth. Conclusion: This commentary highlights the importance of inclusion of providers in research on respectful maternity care. Provider burnout, moral distress, limited time, and burden of clinical responsibilities are known challenges to respectful and comprehensive medical care. The association of disrespectful care with poor maternal outcomes needs to be studied. Exploring root causes of disrespectful childbirth care can empower nurses, midwives, and physicians to improve their environment and find solutions to reduce a potential cause of maternal mortality.

Surgeon Perspectives on Anastomotic Leaks and FluidAI’s StreamTM Platform: Integrating Qualitative Insights for Technological Innovation

Purpose: This article investigates the critical importance of integrating surgeons’ direct input into the development of innovative technologies that address gaps in surgical care, including those aimed at reducing anastomotic leaks (AL), a major complication in gastrointestinal surgery. While traditional quantitative research methods are prevalent, they often overlook the invaluable insights of the surgeons who manage these complications firsthand. Subjects and Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 40 surgeons from various specialties, including general, bariatric, colorectal, trauma, hepato-biliary, and thoracic surgery. The interviews were designed to probe the needs of surgeons, challenges currently faced, and gaps in clinical practice, research, and technology for detection and/or management of AL. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which revealed significant gaps in current technologies for early detection and prevention of leaks. Results: Surgeons expressed strong interest in FluidAI’s Stream™ Platform, a non-invasive medical device designed to monitor postoperative drainage fluid in real-time, providing continuous data on AL risk. The ability of this platform to offer early prediction through pH and electrical conductivity analysis was particularly appealing to participants, who emphasized the importance of timely interventions in improving patient outcomes. The study’s findings highlight not only the clinical challenges but also the emotional toll that AL takes on surgeons, underlining the need for innovations that are both data-driven and humanistic. Conclusion: By centering surgeons’ perspectives, this research advocates for a human-centered approach to technological advancement, ensuring that new tools are both clinically effective and aligned with the real-world needs of surgical practitioners.

Online International Peer Interaction:An Exploration of Impacts on Comprehensive Competencies,Global Perspectives,and Cross-Cultural Communication Skills

With the increasing trend of globalization and the rapid advancement of information technology,online learning platforms such as Zoom are becoming increasingly influential in the field of education.The focus of this study was the online international peer interaction based on the Zoom platform,detailing how such interaction programs are conducted and exploring in depth the specific impacts of this interaction mode on students’comprehensive competencies,global perspectives,and cross-cultural communication skills.This research not only provides new practical references for online learning and international education but also offers new research perspectives and directions for educators and researchers.

Multidimensional Perspectives on the Teaching and Practice of Typography Design

With the deepening of the curriculum teaching reform in colleges and universities,the teaching reform of art design professional courses is imperative.The study found that the current art design professional font design course teaching there are more solidified teaching methods,students operating ability is relatively homogenised,the teaching content to the"westernised"based,resulting in poor adaptability of students and other prominent problems.This paper starts from the"three effects"of"effect","efficiency"and"effectiveness",and adopts a multi-dimensional and emotional thinking perspective to carry out the curriculum of typeface design.This paper starts from the"three effects"of"effect","efficiency"and"effectiveness",and adopts a multi-dimensional and emotional perspective of thinking to carry out the teaching and practice of typeface design in order to strengthen the visual information of Chinese culture,and at the same time,to explore the creative potential of the students,so as to improve the students'innovation and creativity.

Past, Present and Future Perspectives of Rice Production in Tanzania

Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L. and Oryza. glaberrima) is one of the most important food crops in the world. World rice production has increased three times since the green revolution. However, climate change and global warming effects as well as ever increasing world population will require the world to produce more rice without increasing area under rice production in order to meet those demands. The best option to overcome these challenges includes adoption of climate-smart technologies and sustainable solutions to rice production. Rice was probably introduced in Tanzania over 1000 years ago by Asian traders during trade contacts between Asia and East Africa Coast through Indian Ocean. Rice cultivation had been restricted to coastal area until 19th century when it started spreading to interior areas of Tanzania. During colonial period (1880s-1960s), the emphasis was to produce cash crops as raw materials for industrialized world. After independence production of rice increased significantly. Currently, rice is the second most important food crop in Tanzania after maize and Tanzania is the leading producer of rice in East African countries. It ranks 4th and 22nd in Africa and World respectively in terms of rice production. In this paper, the rice history, ecosystems, challenges and future perspective for sustaining rice production in Tanzania is reviewed.

地质科学新思维观与新时代地质工作战略思考

【研究目的】通过分析新时代地质工作面临的挑战和机遇,构建地质科学新思维观,力求使地质工作健康、持续、稳定发展。【研究方法】从理论与实践、历史与未来、守正与创新、发展与保护的逻辑出发,研究提出地质科学新思维观,并分析其意义。【研究结果】地质科学新思维观主要是:(1)地质大基础观,加强区域基础地质调查,加强全国资源、环境、生态、灾害、空间国情调查,深化对地球认知的水平。(2)地质大资源观,将全部地质要素进行整体调查、开发与保护,实现各类地质要素资源综合效益的最大化。能源和战略性矿产是最核心的地质资源,地质工作要把保障国家能源和战略性矿产资源安全摆在首位。(3)地质大生态观,发挥地质工作在促进生态系统稳定与可持续中的作用,解决生态系统问题或维护生态系统功能。(4)地质大数据观,充分运用现代信息技术,全面实现地质工作的数字化、智能化转型。(5)地质大系统观,将地球与自然、社会、经济系统作为整体综合考虑,维持地球系统稳定和人类经济社会可持续发展,推进传统地质科学向地球系统科学转变。【结论】基于新思维观,新时代地质工作要:树立地质大基础观,提高基础地质调查水平,深化对地球发展演化的认知;树立地质大资源观,巩固传统地质找矿工作,实现新一轮找矿取得重大突破,拓展自然资源调查评价新领域;树立地质大生态观,开辟生态地质,为生态修复与保护提供地质解决方案;树立地质大数据观,构建地质科学研究新范式,为社会需求提供智慧化地质解决方案;树立地质大系统观,发展和完善地球系统科学,建立新一代地质科学知识体系。

中国社会变迁与人的发展:多元建构观点和相关研究

当代全球化背景下的社会变迁导致了不同价值观和生活方式共存和整合,构成了人的发展的新的环境。在中国的社会变迁过程中,与市场化相匹配的价值观(如竞争性、独立性、自我表现)和传统价值观(如社会关系,服从集体,自我控制)在人的社会和心理适应中具有不同的功能。不同文化的碰撞和整合也可能促进新的行为品质的产生,有利于增强人们应对各种情境的能力。根据多元建构观点,群体水平上的社会互动过程,如同伴团体活动中的社会评价和反应及其对个体行为的调节,在社会变迁和文化整合对人的发展的影响中起着关键作用。群体中的行为规范与评价标准的变化通过社会互动过程不仅会影响个体认知、行为和情绪的展现水平,而且也影响它们的功能性意义。本文首先回顾这一领域里的主要理论框架及其在中国情境中应用的问题,并在此基础上着重讨论社会变迁与人的发展的多元建构观点。接着,在对中国儿童独特的气质特征和基于传统文化的社会化方式考察后,进一步从多元建构角度讨论中国当代社会变迁对人的发展的影响的相关研究,包括专刊论文中报告的研究。最后,本文对这一领域的发展方向提出一些建议。

心理健康问题的当代诠释:学理与系统视角

在百年未有之大变局下,心理健康问题需要从多维的系统角度重新诠释。就心理健康问题的性质而言,要反对诊断主义、还原主义、教育万能论等“本本主义”倾向;就心理健康问题的特点而言,它是一个连续性与阶段性统一的发展系统;就心理健康问题的影响因素而言,它是人与环境相互作用的一个生态系统;就心理健康问题的作用机制而言,它是一个集文化潮流、时代变迁等社会心理因素叠加的复杂系统。因此,心理健康教育不能“就事论事”,心理健康问题更不能“头痛医头,脚痛医脚”,它应该是一个有章可循的系统工程,需要创新系统思维,以学校教育、卫生健康、社会建设三个领域为横坐标,以个体、人际、群体、社会和环境五个维度为纵坐标,纵横交错、抓住结点,“综合治理、网格化治理”。

以痈论治溃疡性结肠炎理论阐释及临床思路探析

于永铎认为,痈为火毒生,下利脓血为热毒本质,提出“病由毒起,热毒伤肠”为溃疡性结肠炎病机关键,“邪踞火毒”“湿热毒邪”“正虚伏毒”为溃疡性结肠炎的核心病机演变规律,体现热毒伤肠络,毒邪由实致虚,虚实夹杂的病邪转变过程。结合从肠黏膜屏障损伤、免疫功能紊乱、细胞自噬、凋亡、焦亡的病变特点及交叉转化的因果联系,提出以痈论治溃疡性结肠炎的核心治法,采用清热解毒、凉血消痈,清热利湿、解毒消痈,健脾益气、托毒消痈等辨治策略,并结合临床验案进行分析,以期为溃疡性结肠炎的治疗提供参考。

我国高等教育数字化转型建设路径的定性比较分析

高等教育数字化转型是推动高等教育高质量发展的关键举措,也是加快实现高等教育现代化的必由之路｡研究基于TOE框架,从技术､组织､环境三个维度构建高等教育数字化转型分析框架,提炼出数字技术嵌入､战略规划､数字素养与能力､开放教育资源､协作共享五个条件变量｡运用清晰集定性比较分析(csQCA)方法,以组态视角对我国28个高等教育数字化转型典型实践案例进行分析,探索条件变量之间的“多向互动”以及不同条件组合对高等教育数字化转型产生的“联合效应”｡研究发现,单一条件无法单独构成高等教育数字化转型高水平建设的必要条件;高水平建设路径包括“合作驱动型”､“潜力发挥型”和“禀赋优越型”;在特定的客观禀赋条件下,数字技术嵌入和战略规划可以通过等效替代以“殊途同归”的方式推动高等教育数字化转型.

中国实现碳中和:降碳风险的识别与应对

中国实现碳中和目标必将引发能源利用模式的深度变革,重塑各领域生产生活方式既是一场系统性变革,也面临微观与宏观的转型风险。从系统视角阐释中国零碳转型过程中降碳风险及其风险的系统传导机制,并基于低碳/零碳/负碳技术创新及转化的“研发—应用—推广”的阶段过程,解析了零碳转型过程中风险因素的传导路径;指出技术成熟度、产品绿色溢价、资产沉没成本、技术应用及供应链保障五类主要降碳风险,评估其对中国碳中和目标实现和社会经济发展的影响。提出中国需从系统视角慎重把握目标实现过程中的降碳风险,从政策引领、监测核算、科技人才、创新环境、国际合作等多方面共同发力和协同推进,全局把控设计应对政策措施,应深入实施低碳技术领跑者政策、加强碳排放核算与碳减排风险评估、积极培育壮大低碳技术研发力量、营造有利于低碳创新的社会环境。

数字产业集群:源起、内涵特征与研究框架

数字产业集群是把握新一轮信息技术革命进而构筑国家竞争优势的关键战略选择。首先,本研究从数字技术兴起、政府政策支持和企业数字化转型三个方面分析了数字产业集群得以兴起的原因。其次,从空间分布、产业范围、协作方式、治理模式等方面对数字产业集群的特征进行了分析。再次,基于“运行载体-发展目标-治理机制-演化过程”的分析思路,提出可以基于平台视角、网络视角、制度视角以及种群生态视角等理论视角对数字产业集群展开研究。最后,提出采用案例研究、定量研究、社会网络分析、定性比较分析等方法对涉及数字产业集群的重要议题展开科学化和规范化分析。

广义安全的本体、视界与范式:“关系和合度”解析

基于中国关系本体论对安全的本体和视界进行解析,并且建构中国的安全理论范式,是为全球安全治理提供中国方案的重要方面。安全是一种什么样的“实在”,这是十分重要的本体论问题;而以什么样的“视界”考察安全,则是非常棘手的认识论难题。“关系和合度”解析为“广义安全论”视域下的安全本体、视界与范式提供了哲学诠释。安全是“关系性实在”,是和合状态的共享性秩序,是呈现人与世界“广义性联系”的“关系和合度”。如果关系的和合程度是安全获得的程度,那么安全就是以“关系和合度”为自变量的函数,广义安全便是呈现人与世界“关系和合度”的安全,是“行为体间的优态共存”。广义安全凸显“关系和合度”的适然性,安全之境即是保持优态共存的“适然之境”,是当下所发生的一切关系的总体性和合,这为总体国家安全观以及全球安全观提供了理论支撑。广义安全观是集成与整合诸安全构成要素与安全领域的大安全理念,是“场域安全”思维的完好体现,是多重时空关系状态与多种活动性质特点的融合。

人本视角下的历史文化街区更新思考

历史文化街区是我国历史文化名城保护的核心地区,也是保护与发展冲突最为集中的地方。在城市更新的时代背景下,历史文化街区在更新发展过程中往往面临建筑质量维护欠佳、基础设施和公共服务设施缺乏、历史环境整治不当、生活延续性割裂等问题。在“以人为本”的价值导向下,重点关注街区安全、全龄友好、文脉传承、合理发展和公众参与5个方面,结合部分城市的实践经验,对历史文化街区更新的技术方法和实践模式进行综合思考。

用户视角下的教育数据要素交易:安全感知与建议

教育数据要素作为推动教育变革的核心动力,正通过数据要素市场交易推动教育数字化转型纵深发展。然而,目前教育数据要素市场在数据确权、市场监督以及市场交易等制度层面存在不足,阻碍教育数据要素价值的释放。用户作为数据要素市场的核心参与者,其对教育数据要素交易的安全感知与建议是推进数据要素交易有序发展的重要因素。研究面向四类不同用户群体开展了定向调查,发现用户总体对教育数据要素交易持积极态度,且具有较为全面的安全感知,不同用户群体则在教育数据要素基本态度、安全感知与安全建议上存在差异。为加快教育数据要素交易市场建设,可以从加强教育数据要素市场保障,提高高等院校用户市场参与意愿,构建教育数据要素安全体系,满足不同用户群体的安全需求,塑造多元教育数据要素交易市场,推动交易机制向需求侧转型等方面改善。

高校教学信息化创新发展的核心内容与实践进路——基于教育数字化转型的TASH视角

教育数字化转型为高校教学信息化创新发展带来了机遇。研究从教育数字化转型的TASH视角——技术(Technology)、应用(Application)、系统(System)和人本(Human-centered)出发,探寻高校教学信息化创新发展的内容与路径。研究发现,高校教学信息化创新发展的核心内容为:以技术为动力夯实发展基座,以应用为目标推动教学改革,以系统为纽带创新教学机制,以人本为宗旨培养师生数字素养。高校教学信息化创新发展的实践进路为:注重育人为本,锚定创新发展“聚焦点”;关注政策引领,绘制创新发展“导流线”;加强技术赋能,浇筑创新发展“基础面”;推动多方合作,构建创新发展“共同体”;完善机制建设,打造创新发展“新生态”。

从比较视野看中国式现代化对传统现代化理论与实践的多重超越

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