Blockchain with Explainable Artificial Intelligence Driven Intrusion Detection for Clustered IoT Driven Ubiquitous Computing System

In the Internet of Things(IoT)based system,the multi-level client’s requirements can be fulfilled by incorporating communication technologies with distributed homogeneous networks called ubiquitous computing systems(UCS).The UCS necessitates heterogeneity,management level,and data transmission for distributed users.Simultaneously,security remains a major issue in the IoT-driven UCS.Besides,energy-limited IoT devices need an effective clustering strategy for optimal energy utilization.The recent developments of explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)concepts can be employed to effectively design intrusion detection systems(IDS)for accomplishing security in UCS.In this view,this study designs a novel Blockchain with Explainable Artificial Intelligence Driven Intrusion Detection for IoT Driven Ubiquitous Computing System(BXAI-IDCUCS)model.The major intention of the BXAI-IDCUCS model is to accomplish energy efficacy and security in the IoT environment.The BXAI-IDCUCS model initially clusters the IoT nodes using an energy-aware duck swarm optimization(EADSO)algorithm to accomplish this.Besides,deep neural network(DNN)is employed for detecting and classifying intrusions in the IoT network.Lastly,blockchain technology is exploited for secure inter-cluster data transmission processes.To ensure the productive performance of the BXAI-IDCUCS model,a comprehensive experimentation study is applied,and the outcomes are assessed under different aspects.The comparison study emphasized the superiority of the BXAI-IDCUCS model over the current state-of-the-art approaches with a packet delivery ratio of 99.29%,a packet loss rate of 0.71%,a throughput of 92.95 Mbps,energy consumption of 0.0891 mJ,a lifetime of 3529 rounds,and accuracy of 99.38%.

基于Pervasive Computing技术的外语网络交互模态话语构想

文章以"Pervasive Computing"为技术支撑,以"系统功能语言学"为理论研究框架,以外语教学领域的模态话语研究为表现形式,探索创建多模态视野下的外语网络交互教学模态,即供交际双方或多方信息全球实时传达、同步立体交互的多模态教学模式。

Dynamic software allocation algorithm for saving power in pervasive computing

A novel dynamic software allocation algorithm suitable for pervasive computing environments is proposed to minimize power consumption of mobile devices. Considering the power cost incurred by the computation, communication and migration of software components, a power consumption model of component assignments between a mobile device and a server is set up. Also, the mobility of components and the mobility relationships between components are taken into account in software allocation. By using network flow theory, the optimization problem of power conservation is transformed into the optimal bipartition problem of a flow network which can be partitioned by the max-flow rain-cut algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can save si^nificantlv more energy than existing algorithms.

Trust Based Pervasive Computing

Pervasive computing environment is a distributed and mobile space. Trust relationship must be established and ensured between devices and the systems in the pervasive computing environment. The trusted computing （TC） technology introduced by trusted computing group is a distributed-system-wide approach to the provisions of integrity protection of resources. The TC＇s notion of trust and security can be described as conformed system behaviors of a platform environment such that the conformation can be attested to a remote challenger. In this paper the trust requirements in a pervasive/ubiquitous environment are analyzed. Then security schemes for the pervasive computing are proposed using primitives offered by TC technology.

Development of Ubiquitous Simulation Service Structure Based on High Performance Computing Technologies

The simulation field became essential in designing or developing new casting products and in improving manufacturing processes within limited time, because it can help us to simulate the nature of processing, so that developers can make ideal casting designs. To take the prior occupation at commercial simulation market, so many development groups in the world are doing their every effort. They already reported successful stories in manufacturing fields by developing and providing the high performance simulation technologies for multipurpose. But they all run at powerful desk-side computers by well-trained experts mainly, so that it is hard to diffuse the scientific designing concept to newcomers in casting field. To overcome upcoming problems in scientific casting designs, we utilized information technologies and full-matured hardware backbones to spread out the effective and scientific casting design mind, and they all were integrated into Simulation Portal on the web. It professes scientific casting design on the NET including ubiquitous access way represented by ＂Anyone, Anytime, Anywhere＂ concept for casting designs.

Energy-efficient and security-optimized AES hardware design for ubiquitous computing

Ubiquitous computing must incorporate a certain level of security. For the severely resource constrained applications, the energy-efficient and small size cryptography algorithm implementation is a critical problem. Hardware implementations of the advanced encryption standard （AES） for authentication and encryption are presented. An energy consumption variable is derived to evaluate low-power design strategies for battery-powered devices. It proves that compact AES architectures fail to optimize the AES hardware energy, whereas reducing invalid switching activities and implementing power-optimized sub-modules are the reasonable methods. Implementations of different substitution box （S-Boxes） structures are presented with 0.25μm 1.8 V CMOS （complementary metal oxide semiconductor） standard cell library. The comparisons and trade-offs among area, security, and power are explored. The experimental results show that Galois field composite S-Boxes have smaller size and highest security but consume considerably more power, whereas decoder-switch-encoder S-Boxes have the best power characteristics with disadvantages in terms of size and security. The combination of these two type S-Boxes instead of homogeneous S-Boxes in AES circuit will lead to optimal schemes. The technique of latch-dividing data path is analyzed, and the quantitative simulation results demonstrate that this approach diminishes the glitches effectively at a very low hardware cost.

A PRIVACY-PRESERVING AUTHENTICATION SCHEME USING BIOMETRICS FOR PERVASIVE COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS

In pervasive computing environments,users can get services anytime and anywhere,but the ubiquity and mobility of the environments bring new security challenges.The user and the service provider do not know each other in advance,they should mutually authenticate each other.The service provider prefers to authenticate the user based on his identity while the user tends to stay anonymous.Privacy and security are two important but seemingly contradictory objectives.As a result,a user prefers not to expose any sensitive information to the service provider such as his physical location,ID and so on when being authenticated.In this paper,a highly flexible mutual authentication and key establishment protocol scheme based on biometric encryption and Diffie-Hellman key exchange to secure interactions between a user and a service provider is proposed.Not only can a user's anonymous authentication be achieved,but also the public key cryptography operations can be reduced by adopting this scheme.Different access control policies for different services are enabled by using biometric encryption technique.The correctness of the proposed authentication and key establishment protocol is formally verified based on SVO logic.

Decision Making in Internet of Vehicles Using Pervasive Trusted Computing Scheme

Pervasive schemes are the significant techniques that allow intelligent communication among the devices without any human intervention.Recently Internet of Vehicles(IoVs)has been introduced as one of the applications of pervasive computing that addresses the road safety challenges.Vehicles participating within the IoV are embedded with a wide range of sensors which operate in a real time environment to improve the road safety issues.Various mechanisms have been proposed which allow automatic actions based on uncertainty of sensory and managed data.Due to the lack of existing transportation integration schemes,IoV has not been completely explored by business organizations.In order to tackle this problem,we have proposed a novel trusted mechanism in IoV during communication,sensing,and record storing.Our proposed method uses trust based analysis and subjective logic functions with the aim of creating a trust environment for vehicles to communicate.In addition,the subjective logic function is integrated with multi-attribute SAW scheme to improve the decision metrics of authenticating nodes.The trust analysis depends on a variety of metrics to ensure an accurate identification of legitimate vehicles embedded with IoT devices ecosystem.The proposed scheme is determined and verified rigorously through various IoT devices and decision making metrics against a baseline solution.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme leads to 88%improvement in terms of better identification of legitimate nodes,road accidents and message alteration records during data transmission among vehicles as compared to the baseline approach.

An Indoor Ubiquitous Computing Environment Based on Location-awareness

To provide the right services or information to the right users, at the right time and in the right place in ubiquitous computing environment, an Indoor Ubiquitous Computing Environment based on Location-Awareness, IUCELA, is presented in this paper. A general architecture of IUCELA is designed to connect multiple sensing devices with locationaware applications. Then the function of location-aware middleware which is the core componnet of the proposed architecture is elaborated. Finally an indoor forum is taken as an example scenario to demonstrate the security, usefulness, flexibiltity and robustness of IUCELA.

UCIMssp:Ubiquitous Computing Identification Mechanism Based on SPKI/SDSI and P2P

Ubiquitous computing systems typically have lots of security problems in the area of identification supply by means of classical Public Key Infrastructure （PKI） methods. The limited computing resources, the disconnection network, the classification requirements of identification, the requirement of trust transfer and cross identification, the bidirectional identification, the security delegation and the privacy protection etc are all these unsolved problems. In this paper, UCIMssp, a new novel ubiquitous computing identification mechanism based on SPKI/SDSI and Peer-to-Peer （P2P） is presented. SPKI- based authorization is exploited in UCIMssp to solve the above problems in the smalbscale ubiquitous computing environment. The DHT and flooding technology of P2P overlay network over the Intemet is expanded to solve the routing search in the large-scale ubiquitous computing environment. The architecture of ubiquitous computing environment, the validation of identification requisition, the identification authorization processes and the identification supply processes etc of UCIMssp are described in the paper. The performance analysis shows that UCIMssp is a suitable security solution used in the large-scale ubiquitous computing environment.

Ubiquitous Computing Identity Authentication Mechanism Based on D-S Evidence Theory and Extended SPKI/SDSI

Ubiquitous computing systems typically have lots of security problems in the area of identity authentication by means of classical PKI methods. The limited computing resources, the disconnection network, the classification requirements of identity authentication, the requirement of trust transfer and cross identity authentication, the bi-directional identity authentication, the security delegation and the simple privacy protection etc are all these unsolved problems. In this paper, a new novel ubiquitous computing identity authentication mechanism, named UCIAMdess, is presented. It is based on D-S Evidence Theory and extended SPKI/SDSI. D-S Evidence Theory is used in UCIAMdess to compute the trust value from the ubiquitous computing environment to the principal or between the different ubiquitous computing environments. SPKI-based authorization is expanded by adding the trust certificate in UCIAMdess to solve above problems in the ubiquitous computing environments. The identity authentication mechanism and the algorithm of certificate reduction are given in the paper to solve the multi-levels trust-correlative identity authentication problems. The performance analyses show that UCIAMdess is a suitable security mechanism in solving the complex ubiquitous computing problems.

Assessing Level of Ubiquitous Computing Services for Ubiquitous Business Design

We are entering into a new era of enterprise computing that is characterized by an emphasis on broadband convergence, knowledge sharing, and calm services. Some people refer to this as the 'ubiquitous network' business model because its focus is on a high degree of connectivity between a company and its customers, suppliers, and channel partners. Moreover, immediate access to ideas, goods, and services will be of greater value than the traditional model of permanent and ponderous possession. This paper illustrates how ubiquitous computing technology can be combined with legacy computer-based information systems, along with thoughts on relevant issues of ubiquitous commerce. We also propose a model for how to assess levels of ubiquitous computing services.

A Generic Service Architecture for Secure Ubiquitous Computing Systems

The development of ubiquitous computing systems benefits tremendously from the service-oriented computing concept in seamless interoperation of heterogeneous devices. However, architectures, services interfaces and network implementation of the existing service-oriented systems differ case by case. Furthermore, many systems lack the capability of being applied to resource constrained devices, for example, sensors. Therefore, we propose a standardized approach to present a service to the network and to access a networked service, which can be adopted by arbitrary types of devices. In this approach, services are specified and exposed through a set of standardized interfaces. Moreover, a virtual community concept is introduced to determine a secure boundary within which services can be freely discovered, accessed and composed into applications;a hierarchical management scheme is presented which enables the third party management of services and their underlying resources. In this way, application control logic goes into the network and environment context is dealt with intelligently by the system. A prototype system is developed to validate our ideas. Results show the feasibility of this open distributed system software architecture.

Solving the Challenges of Pervasive Computing

Modern research emphasizes Pervasive Computing change faces, learning cultures, structures, communications, intellectual properties, information securities, data presentations and web dis-plays to make attraction for human interaction. Pervasive systems have a broad range of applica-tions but it is relatively challenging for pervasive applications to meet emergence into existing physical environment and newly built structure requirements. Due to their interaction to gather information and change the environment via activating devices independently is highlighted. Se-curity of the pervasive devices and applications which control our activities has primary importance and will be destroyed, if the pervasive system operations are not secure. There is a need to improve the security measures for data to travel rapidly, unbroken, unchanged and invisible by deceptive recipients. Pervasive Computing allows users to get information and services access anytime and anywhere but need to discuss issues and solutions to deliver secure information with privacy and trust. Possible solutions for these challenges of Pervasive Computing interaction between human are emphasized. A collection of papers and articles have been collected in order to investigate the previous study of Pervasive Computing interaction and its challenges. Is it possible for us to understand what the scientific world will be close to generate new avenues? Expectations of future bring new openings for user interaction with systems, data, information and the environments in which they live, work and play.

Scenario-based Participatory Design for Pervasive Computing

Lots of pervasive computing researchers are working on how to realize the user-centered intelligent pervasive computing environment as Mark Weiser figured out.Task abstraction is the fundamentation of configuration for pervasive application.Based on task-oriented and descriptive properties of scenario,a scenario-based participatory design model was proposed to realize the task abstraction.The design model provided users and domain experts a useful mechanism to build the customized applications by separating system model into domain model and design model.In this design model,domain experts,together with users,stakeholders focus on the logic rules(domain model)and programmers work on the implementation(design model).In order to formalize the model description,a human-agent interaction language to transform users' goals and domain rules into executable scenarios was also discussed.An agent platform-describer used to link design and implementation of scenarios was developed to realize the configuration of applications according to different requirements.The demand bus application showed the design process and the usability of this model.

LUCA:Lightweight Ubiquitous Computing Architecture

Lightweight ubiquitous computing security architecture was presented. Lots of our recent researches have been integrated in this architecture. And the main current researches in the related area have also been absorbed. The main attention of this paper was providing a compact and realizable method to apply ubiquitous computing into our daily lives under sufficient secure guarantee. At last,the personal intelligent assistant system was presented to show that this architecture was a suitable and realizable security mechanism in solving the ubiquitous computing problems.

Super-service-oriented Architecture in Large-scale Pervasive Computing Environments

This paper proposes an architecture model to support enhanced system performance in large-scale pervasive computing environments. The muitiformity of device （or peer ） services and network types in such environment is apt to result in notable service isomorphs. And moreover, as the environment cannot assure the stability of network communication and device services, the situation gets worse. Therefore, it becomes urgent to simplify user operations and let them take full and highly efficient advantage of the environments. Super-Service-Odented Architecture （SSOA） is an Serrice-Otiented Architecture （SOA）-based architecture for service management and organization in peryasive environments. With combining one kind of isomorphic services into a super service, SSOA provides better scalability and quick, convenient service invocations. Also, the complexity and instability of services, and network types are transparent, and system performance is highly promoted under the architecture.

Pervasive Computing Location-aware Model Based on Ontology

In order to integrate heterogeneous location-aware systems into pervasive computing environment,a novel pervasive computing location-aware model based on ontology is presented.A location-aware model ontology(LMO)is constructed.The location-aware model has the capabilities of sharing knowledge,reasoning and adjusting the usage policies of services dynamically through a unified semantic location manner.At last,the work process of our proposed location-aware model is explained by an application scenario.

Agent-Oriented Architecture for Ubiquitous Computing in Smart Hyperspace

Agent-oriented approach is increasingly showing its magic power in a diversity of fields, specifically, ubiquitous computing and smart environment. Meanwhile, it is considered the next creative issue is to interconnect and integrate isolated smart spaces in real world together into a higher level space known as a hyperspace. In this paper, an agent-oriented architecture, which involves the techniques of mobile agents, middleware, and embedded artificial intelligence, is proposed. Detailed implementations describe our efforts on the design of terminal device, user interface, agents, and AI

Policy Based Self-Adaptive Scheme in Pervasive Computing

Nowadays, application systems in pervasive computing have to be self-adaptive, which means adapting themselves to dynamic environments. Our aim is to enable systematic development of self-adaptive compo-nent-based applications. The paper first introduces a novel policy based framework for self-adaptive scheme in pervasive computing. Then the proposed policy ontology and policy language are well expressive and eas-ily extensible to support the design of policy which is based on the Separation of Concerns principle. Fur-thermore, the context-driven event channel decouples the communication between the suppliers and con-sumers for asynchronous communication. The proposed framework can provide both a domain-independent and a flexible self-adaptation solution.