Research Progress of QuEChERS Pretreatment Technique in the Detection of Multiple Pesticide Residues

The QuEChERS extraction technique is a pretreatment technique that has been rapidly applied in recent years and is widely used in the field of pesticide residues with many advantages. This technique is based on solid phase extraction (SPE), which uses the interaction between adsorbent and impurities in the matrix to achieve the purpose of purification. The method has easier operation and better purification effect than SPE. In this paper, the research progress of the QuEChERS technique in pesticide residue detection in different fields in recent years and its future development were reviewed, hoping to provide reference for further development and utilization of the QuEChERS technique in pesticide residue detection in the future.

Application of Mass Spectrometry (MS)-coupled Techniques in Pesticide Residue Detection

Pesticide residue detection is an important work to ensure the quality safety of agricultural products.In the process of agricultural production,in order to prevent and control agricultural diseases and pests,a certain amount of pesticides need to be used.However,if pesticides are used excessively,there will be certain pesticide residues in crops and related products.Therefore,it is necessary to do a good job in pesticide residue detection.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)detection methods have good results and can effectively detect pesticide residues in related products.This paper reviewed and analyzed the application of GC-MS and LC-MS in pesticide residue detection,and proposed optimization measures based on practical experience,hoping to provide reference for relevant scholars.

Determination of Organochlorine and Synthetic Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Water Samples Collected from Different Locations of Bangladesh

The present study was aimed to validate an analytical method for the quantification of 19 organochlorine and 2 synthetic pyrethroid pesticide residues in water samples using modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and Gas Chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detector (ECD). The selected pesticide residues were determined by in-house validated method. The analytical method was validated by evaluating the accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The average recoveries of the selected pesticides ranged from 78% to 117% with RSDr ≤ 12% in two fortification levels of 0.02 and 0.1 mg/L. The linearity was ≥0.995 for all of the selected pesticides. The LOD ranged from 0.003 to 0.006 mg/L and the LOQ was 0.02 mg/L for all the selected analytes. This method was applied satisfactorily for the residue analysis of 108 water samples collected from nine districts of Bangladesh. Among the analyzed samples, only 4 had cypermethrin residues (0.026 mg/L, 0.034 mg/L, 0.045 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L). The level of detected cypermethrin residues were above the WHO recommended guide line values of water quality.

Health Risk Assessment on Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water in Shenzhen

Objectives: To conduct health risk assessment of drinking water pesticide residues and its annual trend analysis in Shenzhen City. Methods: The samples of product water, pipe water and secondary supply water from 2011 to 2013 were collected and analyzed. The evaluation models of health risk assessments for children and adults on the 12 non-carcinogenic materials (namely heptachlor, pentachlorophenol, hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene, DDT, malathion, glyphosate, dimethoate, bentazone, atrazine, chlorothalonil, furadan) were recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Results: The results showed that the maximums of the measured indicators in the above were controlled in accordance with the National Health Standards (GB5749-2006) published by Ministry of Health in China. The adults and children’s health indices (HIs) of the 12 non-carcinogenic materials were greater than 1 (2.323 - 6.312). Dimethoate residue in factory and peripheral water was the largest risks of harm among the non-carcinogenic pollutants measured. And its HIi (Its Hli) was also greater than 1 (1.995 - 5.094) and followed by hexachlorobenzene and heptachlor. Annual rising trend on health risk of the 12 pesticide residues indicated that their HIT on adults was 2323. 18 × 10-3 in 2011, 2340. 18 × 10-3 in 2012 and 2431. 97 × 10-3 in 2013, and HIT on children was 2965. 07 × 10-3 in 2011, 2986. 77 × 10-3 in 2012 and 3103. 93 × 10-3 in 2013, respectively. This study also suggested that the average risk of peripheral water samples (HIT was equal to 2619. 64 × 10-3) was greater than the factory samples’ (HIT was the same as 2366. 92 × 10-3), and the children’s health risk was greater than the adults’. Conclusions: Health risks of drinking water pesticide residues in Shenzhen have exceeded the threshold values. The dimethoate was the main hazard and had been rising annually, and the children’s health risk was greater than the adults’.

Industrialization Process of Pesticide Residue Grade n-Hexane

This project is funded by the China government to develop the industrialization process of pesticide residue grade n-hexane, in which the industrial n-Hexane is used as crude purified by decoloration, distillation and filtration process. The products are validated by National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement (CNEAC), National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine (CAIQ), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and other government originations for polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticide or chiral pesticides analysis and further confirmed that it’s competitive to all others imported n-Hexane currently occupied in China. This patented technique will meet pesticide residue grade n-Hexane market in China and seek for cooperation globally.

Research on Pesticide Residues of Cypermethrin in Lettuce

In order to find the effective method to reduce pesticide residues in vegetables, and promote the healthy development of vegetable industry. The paper used chlorothalonil, fenvalerate, dimethoate widely used pesticides as experimental material, using GC method to measure residual dynamics of vegetable pesticide. The results show that： fenvalerate, dimethoate, chlorothalonil pesticide residues in lettuce was higher than that tomato in the application day, respectively reach at 42.9%, 44.9%, 57.8%, pesticide degradation rate in open land were significantly higher than those in greenhouse within 5-20 days. The test showed that： the degradation of pesticide amount is in 8.77%r-19.64% within 1 days. The initial concentration of pesticides on vegetables are relevant with surface area of vegetable edible parts; the degradation speed of pesticide degradation rate in greenhouse vegetable is obviously slower than the open field vegetable; pesticide deposition phenomenon is an important factor affecting the pesticide residues in greenhouse.

A novel thermal biosensor based on enzyme reaction for pesticides measurement

A novel thermal biosensor based on enzyme reaction for pesticides detection has been developed. This biosensor is a flow injection analysis system and consists of two channels with enzyme reaction column and identical reference column, which is set for eliminating the unspecific heat. The enzyme reaction takes place in the enzyme reaction column at a constant temperature(40℃) realized by a thermoelectric thermostat. Thermosensor based on the thermoelectric module containing 127 serial BiTe-thermocouples is used to monitor the temperature difference between two effluents from enzyme reaction column and reference column. The ability of this biosensor to detect pesticides is demonstrated by the decreased degree of the hydrolytic heat in two types of thermosensor mode. The hydrolytic reaction is inhibited by 36% at 1 mg/L DDVP and 50 % at 10 mg/L DDVP when cell-typed thermosensor is used. The percent inhibition is 30% at 1 mg/L DDVP and 42% at 10 mg/L DDVP in tube-typed thermosensor mode. The detection for real sample shows that this biosensor can be used for detection of organophosphate pesticides residue.

Multiresidue pesticide analysis in tomato using GC-MS/MS using modified QuEChERS method with titanium-coated graphite with CNT-ABS nanocomposite as dispersive solid-phase extraction materials

The presence of pesticide residues in food and vegetables is a growing concern for consumers.To monitor these residues reliably,a selective and sensitive multiresidue system has been developed and validated in tomato by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS).Titanium-coated graphite with carbon nanotube(CNT)in acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene(ABS)used as reversed-dispersive solid-phase extraction materials with modified QuEChERS(Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged,and Safe)method.Titanium-coated graphite with CNT-ABS is synthesized,characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.The clean-up performance of titanium-coated graphite with CNT-ABS was demonstrated to be better to primary secondary amine and graphitized carbon black cartridges.The processing of two multiple reaction monitoring transformations for each analyte is done using GC-MS/MS in electron impact mode.Satisfactory purification and recovery effects(74%–100%)of 35 pesticides were achieved in tomato matrices when using 5 mg of titanium-coated graphite ABS-CNT nanocomposite.It was observed that quinolphos and deltamethrin are present above the maximum residue limit.The technique proved to be reliable and sensitive in tomato samples for the routine testing of 35 pesticides.

Progressive Collapse Analysis of an FPSO Vessel Hull Girder Under Vertical Bending Considering Different Corrosion Models

Nowadays,with the increasing operational life of ships,the aging effects on their structural behavior need to be investigated precisely.With the corrosive marine environment taken into consideration,one of the important effects of aging that must be studied is thickness degradation.In this paper,with the use of previously proposed equivalent thickness formulations for corroded plates,the progressive collapse analysis software HULLST is enhanced,and then,the effects of different corrosion models of uniform,random,pitting,and tanker pattern types on the ultimate and residual strengths of a floating production,storage,and offloading vessel hull girder are evaluated for the ages of 0 to 25 years.Results reveal that the uniform corrosion and random corrosion models have close outcomes.The value of relative reduction in the ultimate strength of ship hull girder(compared with the intact condition)ranges roughly from 6%for the age of 5 years to 17%for the age of 25 years in the hogging mode.The relative reduction in the ultimate strength ranges from 4%to 16%in the sagging mode.Pitting corrosion and tanker pattern(random)corrosion models lead to higher relative reductions in ultimate strength.The pitting corrosion model leads to a 16%–32%relative reduction in the ultimate strength for the ages of 5–25 years of the ship in either hogging or sagging.The tanker pattern(random)corrosion model leads to a 6%–37%relative reduction in the ultimate strength in the hogging mode and 3%–31%in the sagging mode at ship ages of 5 to 25 years.

植物生长调节剂在花生中的应用及安全性分析

为明确花生生产中植物生长调节剂的使用情况,通过查询中国农药信息网,统计汇总花生目前有效登记调节剂种类,并查询食品安全国家标准《食品中农药最大残留限量》(GB 2763—2021)中花生中调节剂的最大残留限量和检测方法,分析花生生产中主要使用的调节剂的毒性,为下一步相关标准的制定和修订提出意见和建议,同时也为花生产业的出口创汇及高质量发展提供参考,提升中国花生产业的国际竞争力,保障中国花生产业健康可持续发展。

色谱法测定农药残留量的基质效应的研究进展

从基质效应的主要影响因素(农药的结构和种类、农药的浓度水平、基质的种类、基质的浓度水平、前处理方法和色谱条件)和应用性研究(改进前处理方法、优化色谱条件、选择标准品保护剂、选择匹配基质、改进定量方法)两方面综述了色谱法测定农药残留量的基质效应研究进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望(引用文献79篇)。

基于金属有机框架材料的农产品中农兽药残留快速检测与去除研究进展

农产品中农兽药残留的检测与去除是食品安全风险防控的重要环节。目前检测农兽药残留的方法主要是仪器分析法,但存在检测时间长、操作要求高等不足,无法满足快速检测的需求。金属有机框架(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)是一种由金属离子或金属簇与有机配体构成的杂化材料,其具备吸附富集、催化降解、可发荧光及产生电化学信号等功能,因而具有良好的潜力应用于农兽药残留的快速检测与去除。本文阐述了MOFs材料的富集去除、催化降解、荧光传感和电化学传感四种功能,总结了基于MOFs的不同功能开发的农兽药残留快速检测与去除方法,综合分析了结合RGB分析技术与便携式监测设备后的优势与不足,讨论了MOFs应用于农兽药残留检测与去除的挑战。本文为MOFs快速检测技术的进一步发展提供参考。

铁皮石斛中农药残留分析研究进展

铁皮石斛是兰科石斛属多年生草本植物,富含膳食纤维、蛋白质、石斛多糖、多种氨基酸和微量元素等,药用历史悠久。近年来,铁皮石斛先后被收录入2020版《中国药典》和药食两用名录中,消费者对铁皮石斛的需求增加,并不断提高铁皮石斛的茎叶花等综合开发利用,也带来铁皮石斛产品的质量安全问题越来越受关注,尤其是其农药残留安全问题。农药残留不仅影响铁皮石斛的质量品质,还可能对人体健康带来潜在威胁。因此,为了全方位认识铁皮石斛农药残留问题,本文针对我国铁皮石斛上的农药登记使用情况、农药残留限量标准、农药残留检测技术和农药残留降解行为规律等方面进行综述,为后续开展铁皮石斛产品中农药残留的检测、监控和制定其质量安全监管体系提供参考。

9种药食两用药材中15种有机磷类农药残留分析及膳食风险评估

对9种药食两用药材进行15种有机磷类农药残留污染分析和膳食风险评估,为中药材中农药残留快筛方法的开发提供基础数据支持。农药残留采用检出率、超标率进行分析;膳食风险评估分别采用慢性膳食风险评估和急性膳食风险评估。陈皮和栀子检出农药数量最多,共检出8种农药,且3种为禁用农药;禁用农药中甲拌磷检出最多,在5种药材中检出,在当归中检出率高达100%;限用农药中毒死蜱检出最多,分别在6种中药材中检出,在金银花中检出率高达100%;禁用农药甲拌磷在当归中的超标率高达69.05%,限用农药丙溴磷在陈皮中的超标率为25.45%。9种药食两用药材中15种有机磷类农药均有不同程度检出,污染现象普遍且超标率较高,虽然目前急性与慢性膳食风险评估结果均在可接受范围内,但农残累积风险加重,势必会对中药材质量造成影响,进而危害人体健康。因此,要科学规范使用农药,并采取有利的监管手段对中药材进行质量控制。

基于色谱-质谱联用技术的贝类中农药残留检测方法研究进展

贝类质量安全关系着贝类产业兴衰和人民健康,以往研究多关注于贝类中重金属、兽药残留、贝类毒素、致病菌等质量安全指标的检测,对于贝类中农药残留的检测方法的综述相对少见。目前,农药污染问题造成的贝类质量安全隐患不容小觑,本文综述了近年来贝类中农药残留的色谱-质谱联用检测技术的研究进展,以期为贝类中农药残留风险监测与评价研究提供技术参考。

食品农药残留检测中的化学分析技术

随着现代农业的发展,农药的使用日益普遍,但农药残留问题日益凸显,引起了人们的广泛关注。农药残留检测是确保食品安全的重要手段,其中化学分析技术发挥着关键作用。本文简要概括食品农药残留检测中化学分析技术的原理、应用,包括波谱法、色谱法、色谱-质谱联用法、毛细管电泳、免疫分析技术等,并展望其发展趋势。

陕南地区茶叶农药残留状况调查与分析

为了解陕南地区茶叶农药残留现状,在陕南地区采集了160份茶叶样品,采用QuEChERS-气相色谱-串联质谱法检测了50种农药残留,依据《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》(GB 2763—2021)进行判定。结果表明,160份陕南地区茶叶样品中,共检出农药残留72份,检出率为45.0%,超标样品2份,超标率为1.25%。共检出26种农药,以拟除虫菊酯类农药和有机杂环类农药为主,检出率最高的是氯氟氰菊酯。检出禁用农药3种,分别是六六六、滴滴涕、三氯杀螨醇,检出禁止在茶叶上使用的农药4种,分别是水胺硫磷、氰戊菊酯、氧乐果、乐果。检出的禁限用农药中,水胺硫磷和氧乐果超标。红茶农药残留检出率高于绿茶,且具有统计学差异,不同包装类型和不同等级茶叶农药残留检出率均不存在统计学差异。总体而言,陕南地区茶叶农药残留检出率较高,农药混合使用现象普遍,但农药残留水平不高,仅有个别样品超标,总体合格率较高,部分茶叶存在被禁限用农药污染的可能,应加强禁限用农药的管理,提升当地茶叶质量安全。

2022—2023年度广州市市售蔬菜水果农药残留调查分析

目的了解2022—2023年度广州市市售蔬菜水果的农药残留情况,保障居民食品安全。方法利用液相色谱-串联质谱法和气相色谱-串联质谱法对采集的14类共2246份蔬菜水果样品进行农药残留筛查,检测项目一共256种,依据GB2763—2021《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》对检测结果进行评价,超过最大残留限量即为不合格。结果2246份样品中检出率为62.11%,其中蔬菜、水果的检出率分别为59.62%、70.80%,蔬菜中检出率排名前三的是茄果类、豆类和叶菜类,水果中排名前三的是柑橘类、核果类、浆果和其他小型水果类;不合格率为2.94%,蔬菜中豆类、鳞茎类、根茎薯芋类不合格率排名前三,水果中柑橘类、浆果和其他小型水果类、热带和亚热带水果类的不合格率位居前三,禁限用农药超标导致的不合格占不合格样品的2/3。结论筛查发现大部分蔬菜水果样品的农药残留均在GB 2763—2021规定的最大残留限量范围之内,但禁限用农药不合格的情况依然存在,应加强宣传引导和监管力度。

黔江区桑叶中重金属污染及农药残留现状分析与评价

目的对重庆市黔江区桑叶中5种重金属污染和42种农药残留进行测定,为辖区内蚕桑业的发展、桑叶类药食产品的质量安全控制提供参考依据。方法从黔江区内4个片区共采集196批样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法、气相色谱-质谱法进行重金属及农药残留的测定,用内梅罗污染指数法、单因子污染指数法等方法综合评价重金属污染及农药残留风险。结果196批次桑叶样品中,共检出重金属196批次,检出率100%,污染类型为复合型重金属污染,其中铬(Cr)检出率最高,为96.94%,铅(Pb)次之,Cd(镉)未检出。选取其中154批桑叶进行农药残留检测,检出农药残留样品55批次,检出率为35.71%;42种农残项目中检出12种,其中毒死蜱、敌敌畏检出频次较高;不同乡镇片区之间及不同月份检出情况存在极显著差异(P<0.01),金溪片区检出数及检出率最高。结论部分乡镇农药使用情况较为普遍,重金属含量偏高,过量食用可能会存在一定风险,需引起相关部门注意。

免疫测定法检测农药残留的研究进展

农药除被作物靶向部位吸收外,剩余部分的农药富集、渗透到土壤或空气中。因此,利用可靠、准确且有效的检测技术来监控农药残留尤为重要。该文综述检测不同种类农药残留的免疫分析方法,包括酶联免疫吸附分析法、荧光免疫分析法、化学发光免疫分析法、免疫层析法和放射免疫分析法,对上述技术的基本原理和用途进行讨论和对比,并阐述不同种类农药免疫测定技术的发展潜力与趋势。