There are many types of methods for monitoring atmospheric greenhouse gases,and the differences between the methods have introduced many uncertainties for the accurate monitoring of atmospheric greenhouse gases.In thi...There are many types of methods for monitoring atmospheric greenhouse gases,and the differences between the methods have introduced many uncertainties for the accurate monitoring of atmospheric greenhouse gases.In this paper,the monitoring methods of 7 long-lived greenhouse gases(LLGHG),including carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),methane(CH_(4)),nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),perfluorocarbons(PFCs),sulfur hexafluoride(SF_(6))and nitrogen trifluoride(NF_(3)),which are regulated and controlled in the Kyoto Protocol and the Doha Amendment,were summarized,and the principle,characteristics and application research progress of each method were systematically studied.Besides,their application scope was analyzed,and the domestication research of relevant instruments was analyzed and prospected.At present,the monitoring methods of atmospheric greenhouse gases are developing towards automation and multi-component simultaneous rapid detection,and are accelerating its integration with new technologies such as big data and satellite remote sensing monitoring;top-down and bottom-up methods are used to provide strong data support for carbon peaking and carbon neutral management decisions in various countries.展开更多
目的探讨超声辅助气管插管深度定位的应用价值。方法选择2020年9月—2022年12月苏州大学附属太仓医院收治的要进行气管插管的50例患者,进行常规气管插管后,运用听诊结合呼气末二氧化碳(positive end expiratory pressure CO_(2),PetCO_(...目的探讨超声辅助气管插管深度定位的应用价值。方法选择2020年9月—2022年12月苏州大学附属太仓医院收治的要进行气管插管的50例患者,进行常规气管插管后,运用听诊结合呼气末二氧化碳(positive end expiratory pressure CO_(2),PetCO_(2))和超声辅助确认导管所处位置,记录以上不同方法下的导管位置确认结果及耗时。结果将听诊结合PetCO_(2)监测结果作为标准,超声辅助下确认气管导管位置的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阴性及阳性预测值分别是97.62%(47/48)、100%(2/2)、98.00%(49/50)、66.67%(2/3)、100%(47/47)。超声和听诊结合PetCO_(2)监测在确认气管插管位置方面表现出较高的一致性(Kappa=0.86,P<0.01)。超声探测平均用时为(20.14±5.47)s,短于听诊结合PetCO_(2)监测(25.51±7.44)s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声辅助评估气管内插管定位准确性较高,操作方便、迅速,可有效提升插管效率。展开更多
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2022YFHH0116)。
文摘There are many types of methods for monitoring atmospheric greenhouse gases,and the differences between the methods have introduced many uncertainties for the accurate monitoring of atmospheric greenhouse gases.In this paper,the monitoring methods of 7 long-lived greenhouse gases(LLGHG),including carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),methane(CH_(4)),nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs),perfluorocarbons(PFCs),sulfur hexafluoride(SF_(6))and nitrogen trifluoride(NF_(3)),which are regulated and controlled in the Kyoto Protocol and the Doha Amendment,were summarized,and the principle,characteristics and application research progress of each method were systematically studied.Besides,their application scope was analyzed,and the domestication research of relevant instruments was analyzed and prospected.At present,the monitoring methods of atmospheric greenhouse gases are developing towards automation and multi-component simultaneous rapid detection,and are accelerating its integration with new technologies such as big data and satellite remote sensing monitoring;top-down and bottom-up methods are used to provide strong data support for carbon peaking and carbon neutral management decisions in various countries.
文摘为了建立一套葡萄酒发酵过程中菌落、霉菌、酵母菌的监控方法,本研究采用国家标准检测方法对采集的葡萄酒各发酵阶段的样品进行检测,对其数量进行统计分析,利用微生物鉴定系统(VITEK-2)及基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱(Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS)对分离菌进行菌种鉴定。结果表明,葡萄原汁中存在多种微生物,霉菌、酵母、菌落的数量在104左右,随着发酵的进行,酵母菌的数量不断增长,在发酵中期达到107数量级,到发酵末期酵母菌数量开始减少,从样品中只分离出酿酒酵母。本研究初步确定了各发酵阶段霉菌、酵母、菌落的数量及变化规律,建立了发酵各阶段样品的采集、检测、菌种鉴定等过程的监控方法,为企业技术人员提供了发酵过程中控制微生物种群的精准数据,同时为宁夏葡萄酒产业高质量发展提供了技术支持。
文摘目的探讨超声辅助气管插管深度定位的应用价值。方法选择2020年9月—2022年12月苏州大学附属太仓医院收治的要进行气管插管的50例患者,进行常规气管插管后,运用听诊结合呼气末二氧化碳(positive end expiratory pressure CO_(2),PetCO_(2))和超声辅助确认导管所处位置,记录以上不同方法下的导管位置确认结果及耗时。结果将听诊结合PetCO_(2)监测结果作为标准,超声辅助下确认气管导管位置的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阴性及阳性预测值分别是97.62%(47/48)、100%(2/2)、98.00%(49/50)、66.67%(2/3)、100%(47/47)。超声和听诊结合PetCO_(2)监测在确认气管插管位置方面表现出较高的一致性(Kappa=0.86,P<0.01)。超声探测平均用时为(20.14±5.47)s,短于听诊结合PetCO_(2)监测(25.51±7.44)s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声辅助评估气管内插管定位准确性较高,操作方便、迅速,可有效提升插管效率。
