The speed of flower opening is closely related to their ornamental period.Ethylene functions as a negative regulator involved in the regulation of the petal expansion process.In this study,we isolated a NF-YC transcri...The speed of flower opening is closely related to their ornamental period.Ethylene functions as a negative regulator involved in the regulation of the petal expansion process.In this study,we isolated a NF-YC transcription factor gene,RhNF-YC9,fromrose petals.RhNF-YC9 expression was induced at the early stages of flower opening but was inhibited by ethylene treatment.Silencing RhNF-YC9 decreased the speed of petal expansion from stage 2 to stage 5.The expressions of 11 cell expansion-related genes involved in cell wall loosening,cell turgor modulation,and cytoskeleton remodeling were significantly down-regulated in RhNF-YC9-silenced petals.We also found that silencing RhNF-YC9 decreased the expression of gibberellin acid(GA)biosynthetic gene RhGA20ox while significantly increasing the transcripts of GA catabolic gene RhGA2ox,reducing the accumulation of GA4 and GA7.The influence of ethylene treatment on the expression of RhGA20ox and RhGA2ox showed the same trend.These results together suggested that RhNF-YC9 positively regulated the speed of petal expansion and mediated the crosstalk between ethylene and GA.Our findings revealed a new insight into the function of NF-YC transcription factors involved in ethylene-regulated petal expansion.展开更多
Flowers are key organs in many ornamental plants,and various phases of flower development impact their economic value.The final stage of petal development is associated with flower senescence,which is an irreversible ...Flowers are key organs in many ornamental plants,and various phases of flower development impact their economic value.The final stage of petal development is associated with flower senescence,which is an irreversible process involving programmed cell death,and premature senescence of cut flowers often results in major losses in quality during postharvest handling.Flower opening and senescence are two sequential processes.As flowers open,the stamens are exposed to attract pollinators.Once pollination occurs,flower senescence is initiated.Both the opening and senescence processes are regulated by a range of endogenous phytohormones and environmental factors.Ethylene acts as a central regulator for the ethylene-sensitive flowers.Other phytohormones,including auxin,gibberellin,cytokinin,jasmonic acid and abscisic acid,are also involved in the control of petal expansion and senescence.Water status also directly influences postharvest flower opening,while pollination is a key event in initiating the onset flower senescence.Here,we review the current understanding of flower opening and senescence,and propose future research directions,such as the study of interactions between hormonal and environmental signals,the application of new technology,and interdisciplinary research.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31730079,31902059)We appreciate the expertise of Drs Peiyong Xin and Jinfang Chu(National centre for Plant Gene Research(Beijing),Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China)in determining the GAs contents of rose petals。
文摘The speed of flower opening is closely related to their ornamental period.Ethylene functions as a negative regulator involved in the regulation of the petal expansion process.In this study,we isolated a NF-YC transcription factor gene,RhNF-YC9,fromrose petals.RhNF-YC9 expression was induced at the early stages of flower opening but was inhibited by ethylene treatment.Silencing RhNF-YC9 decreased the speed of petal expansion from stage 2 to stage 5.The expressions of 11 cell expansion-related genes involved in cell wall loosening,cell turgor modulation,and cytoskeleton remodeling were significantly down-regulated in RhNF-YC9-silenced petals.We also found that silencing RhNF-YC9 decreased the expression of gibberellin acid(GA)biosynthetic gene RhGA20ox while significantly increasing the transcripts of GA catabolic gene RhGA2ox,reducing the accumulation of GA4 and GA7.The influence of ethylene treatment on the expression of RhGA20ox and RhGA2ox showed the same trend.These results together suggested that RhNF-YC9 positively regulated the speed of petal expansion and mediated the crosstalk between ethylene and GA.Our findings revealed a new insight into the function of NF-YC transcription factors involved in ethylene-regulated petal expansion.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31730079,31902059)Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Province(Grant No.202102AE090001).
文摘Flowers are key organs in many ornamental plants,and various phases of flower development impact their economic value.The final stage of petal development is associated with flower senescence,which is an irreversible process involving programmed cell death,and premature senescence of cut flowers often results in major losses in quality during postharvest handling.Flower opening and senescence are two sequential processes.As flowers open,the stamens are exposed to attract pollinators.Once pollination occurs,flower senescence is initiated.Both the opening and senescence processes are regulated by a range of endogenous phytohormones and environmental factors.Ethylene acts as a central regulator for the ethylene-sensitive flowers.Other phytohormones,including auxin,gibberellin,cytokinin,jasmonic acid and abscisic acid,are also involved in the control of petal expansion and senescence.Water status also directly influences postharvest flower opening,while pollination is a key event in initiating the onset flower senescence.Here,we review the current understanding of flower opening and senescence,and propose future research directions,such as the study of interactions between hormonal and environmental signals,the application of new technology,and interdisciplinary research.
