Experimental Research on Resistance Characteristics of H-type Elliptical Finned Tube Bundles

阻力特性是换热器的基本特性之一，流体横掠换热管产生的绕流扰动是换热器阻力恶化的主要因素。为分析前排绕流对后排阻力的影响规律，分别对管排数2-10不等的换热管进行阻力特性试验研究，同时为定量分析管排数对阻力特性的影响规律，定义了管排阻力修正系数，并根据实验数据给出了其在不同管排数下的取值，具有重要的工程意义；同时基于冷态阻力特性试验台进行实验研究，得到κ=1及κ=1.6的经典椭圆管的阻力特性公式Eu，并研究不同管型及布置方式对其的影响规律。

Analysis of Thermal Conductivity of Frost on Cryogenic Finned-tube Vaporizer Using Fractal Method

Thermal conductivity of frost is not only related to density, but also affected by its microstructure and environmental conditions, and it will continuously change with the formation and growth of frost. Images of frost formation and growth on the cryogenic surface in various shapes at different stages were obtained by experimental measurements, and a numerical simulation of frost formation and growth was carried out based on Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA) model of fractal theory in this paper. Based on the frost structure obtained by experiment, the fractal dimension of pore area distribution and porosity of frost layer on the cryogenic finned-tube?vaporizer were calculated by using fractal method, and combined with heat conduction model of frost layer obtained by thermal resistance method, the thermal conductivity of frost on the cryogenic surface was calculated. The result shows that the thermal conductivity calculated by the fractal model coincides with the range of the experimental data. Additionally, comparison with other heat conduction models indicated that it is feasible to introduce the fractal dimension of pore area distribution into heat conduction model to deduce the thermal conductivity of frost.

A Numerical Study on Fully Developed Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Spiral Finned Tube

In this paper, the standard k-εtwo-equation model is adopted to numerically simulate fully developed fluid flow and heat transfer in a spiral finned tube within a cracking furnace for ethylene manufacturing. By variable transformation, the orlglnal 3-D problem is converted into a 2-D problem in spiral coordinates. The algorithm of SIMPLEC is used to study the fully developed fluld flow and heat transfer in the spiral finned tube at constant periphery temperature and constant axial heat flux, The computed results agree pretty well with the experimental data obtained from the industry, Further studies on the fluid flows and temperature profiles at different Reynolds numbers within straight and spiral finned tubes are conducted and the mechanisms involved are explored. It is found that with the spiral finned tube, pressure drop increases to a great extent whereas heat transfer tends to be decreased.

Fin formation model during pre-roll ploughing of copper 3D outside fin tube

The mechanism of pre roll ploughing for 3D fins on the outside surface of copper tube was studied systematically, and especially the process and conditions of 3D fin formation were analyzed. The right mathematical model was also established. Based on the volume of fin ploughed out is equal to the volume of the metal extruded up by the extruding face of the tool, the relations between fin height, pre roll ploughing feed and pre roll ploughing depth have been achieved. With the increase of pre roll ploughing depth which must be equal to groove depth, the fin height gradually becomes larger. There are different critical feeds with the various depths of pre roll ploughing. The pre roll ploughing feed is the critical one, the height of fin is largest. And when the feed is above the critical one, the fin height will reduce with the increase of feed. The theoretical analysis basically accords with experimental results.

Compound forming technology of outside 3D integral fin of copper tubes

Using rolling-ploughing-extrusion compound processing methods,a 3D integral-fin structure on outside surface of red copper tube with diameter of 16.0 mm and wall thickness of 1.5 mm was obtained. When both rolling depth and ploughing-extrusion(P-E) depth were 0.2 mm,rotating speed was 50 r/min,feed speed was 0.16 mm/r,3D fin structures with height of 0.25 mm were gotten. Two different fin structures were obtained in grooves formed with rolling-ploughing-extrusion compound forming technology and observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). One is the compound structure with V-shaped groove and U-shaped groove,and the other is the single structure with V-shaped grooves. Two kinds of groove structures obtained by rolling processing and ploughing extrusion processing are restricted together by groove interval and rolling depth,and pitch and P-E depth,respectively. Based on the analysis of interaction of rolling and P-E processing,it is found from the result that the outside 3D integral-fin can be achieved by rolling-ploughing-extrusion compound processing when single V-shaped groove structures are formed by both rolling and P-E processing.

Surface treatment of 3D outside serrated integral-fin tube manufactured by rolling and extrusion

The outside serrated integral-fin tubes fabricated by rolling-plowing-extrusion processing were surface-treated through different processes of annealing in hydrogen atmosphere,electrochemical corrosion or sandblasting.The purpose was to eliminate residual stress,clear secondary micro-fins and enhance heat transfer performance.By comparing the surface characteristics,it is found that the finned tubes treated by electrochemical corrosion have the most glabrous surfaces where the fins are almost perfectly reserved.Clear layer cracks can be observed on the top of the fins.These structures are effective in enhancing heat transfer performance when being applied to flow heat exchange.Therefore,the finned tubes treated by electrochemical corrosion are proper for the tubular exchanger with water coolant.The finned tubes treated by sandblasting have rougher surfaces with layer cracks and micro gaps removed.As these structures are useful to clearing adhesive feculence,the tubes are more suitable for the tubular heat exchanger with oil coolant.

Experimental investigation of enhanced heat transfer for fined circular tube heat exchanger with rectangular fins

Presents a set of data for flow and heat transfer of finned-tube bundle under the condition of high air flow velocity. Air flow and heat transfer over a 4×4 (columns×rows) finned-tube heat exchanger with rectangular fins was investigated experimentally in a wind tunnel with constant wall temperatures condition. The air flow velocity based on the minimum flow cross-section area over flow channel ranged from 13.8 to 50.2 m/s, the heat transfer rate ranged from 21.8 to 47.1 kW, and the air temperatures increase ranged from 10.9 to 19.8 ℃. The present results were compared with results calculated from correlations proposed by CSPE. For air flow velocity less than 25 m/s, these two results of heat transfer agreed well with each other, whereas for larger velocity, our test data disagreed with the CSPE correlauions. For the friction factor, present data are much higher than the predicted results in the whole range. Finally, correlations for friction factors and heat transfer coefficients are proposed based on the experimental results.

Convective Boiling of Near-Azeotropic Refrigerant R410A in the Horizontal Micro-fin Tube

Using near-azeotropic refrigerant R410A as the working fluid, the experimental studies on the horizontal micro-fin tubes were conducted. Several factors affecting heat transfer coefficients were analyzed, and the characteristics of flow boiling of the refrigerant in the horizontal micro-fin tubes were discussed. The local heat transfer coefficients increase with mass flux, heat flux and quality. And the heat transfer enhancement factor of those testing tubes is about 1.6 to 2.2.

强制对流下翅片管蒸发器表面结霜实验

翅片管蒸发器表面结霜是阻碍制冷系统高效运行的主要不利因素之一。利用恒温恒湿箱搭建强制对流下蒸发器翅片管表面结霜可视化实验平台,在环境温度0~8℃、相对湿度55%~75%及迎面风速0.8~2.4 m/s时,实时记录霜层动态生长过程,研究了环境温度、相对湿度和迎面风速对霜层生长特性及蒸发器换热性能的影响规律。结果表明:环境温度和迎面风速是影响蒸发器结霜的主要因素,结霜50 min,环境温度为0℃的霜层厚度比环境温度为8℃的提高了12.78%,迎面风速为2.4 m/s的霜层厚度比迎面风速为0.8 m/s的提高了14.66%,结霜量与换热量提高趋势相同。在结霜初期,相对湿度越大,换热量越大;结霜后期,相对湿度越小,换热量越大,并得到了换热量关于环境参数与时间的相关关系。

基于响应面法的矿用翅片管空冷器参数优化

矿用空冷器是矿井降温系统常用的末端设备,优化矿用空冷器换热性能对提升矿井降温系统能效具有重要意义。采用Fluent建立了平直翅片管矿用空冷器模型,研究了翅片间距、翅片厚度、横向管间距和纵向管间距对传热因子、阻力因子和综合性能评价指标的影响规律;采用Box-Behnken响应面法,分析了双参数协同作用下传热因子、阻力因子和综合性能评价指标变化规律。结果表明:随着翅片间距、横向管间距的减小,以及翅片厚度增加,传热因子、阻力因子和综合性能评价指标逐渐增加;综合性能评价指标则随纵向管间距的增加而先增加后降低;横向管间距、翅片厚度是影响空冷器传热及流动性能最显著的两个参数,而翅片间距、纵向管间距的影响最小;得到了平直翅片管矿用空冷器的最优参数,传热因子提升16.3%、阻力因子增加26.3%、综合性能评价指标提升8.3%。研究结果可为矿用翅片空冷器设计参数优化提供指导。

振动作用下平直翅片管结霜初期微液滴运动过程数值模拟

平直翅片管换热器在低温高湿环境中工作极易发生结霜现象,造成能耗增加、故障率升高,而对结霜初期的微液滴施加振动作用可以加速微液滴的滑落过程从而达到抑制结霜的效果。对结霜前期微液滴的生长过程进行数值模拟分析,并通过文献值验证了数值模拟的可靠性,然后利用不同时刻的微液滴数据,通过数值模拟的方式,研究不同振动频率作用下微液滴的运动特性,最后搭建试验平台进行验证。研究结果发现,不同体积的微液滴对应的最优振动频率有所不同,当微液滴体积较小时,较高的振动频率使微液滴在基管壁面来回振荡,不易滑落,当微液滴体积较大时,较高的振动频率有利于微液滴克服壁面摩擦力,有利于液滴滑落。

矩形翅片管糖醇相变储热器传热性能分析

对糖醇基矩形翅片管相变储热器传热性能进行数值模拟与实验研究,利用数值模型研究传热流体入口温度、流量以及储热器翅片间距、管间距等参数对充放热性能的影响。研究表明:从运行参数看,由于相变材料导热系数的影响,翅片强化区外流体入口温度与材料相变温度的温差对充放热速率呈正相关;在管内湍流条件下,管内流速在高于0.53 m/s时,不能显著提升储热器的充放热速率;从结构参数看,增加翅片可显著提升翅片区内充放热速率,翅片间距小于10 mm和管间距小于52.5 mm对充放热速率影响不明显。

翅片管蒸发器传热性能的参数灵敏度分析

采用Sobol´全局灵敏度分析方法,计算出了各个影响参数对传热系数的一阶灵敏度和总灵敏度,探索和分析了单个及多个波纹翅片管参数对波纹翅片管蒸发器传热系数影响的程度和规律,并构建了传热系数与各个参数之间关系的响应面。结果:从灵敏度数值及响应面的分析皆显示:翅片间距对传热系数的影响最大,翅片厚度的影响次之,质量流量与工资热流密度对传热系数的影响相差不大,但大于管外径的影响;且翅片间距与其余各个因素之间的交互影响在一定范围内极其剧烈,其中翅片间距与翅片厚度之间的交互影响最大,又以质量流率与工质侧热流密度之间的交互影响次之;再者,垂直于风速方向的管间距与平行于风速方向的管间距的灵敏度数值皆为0,说明两者对传热系数的影响可以忽略不计。

水平微肋管内R513A冷凝换热特性研究

采用实验方法研究了R513A在光管和不同齿密度微肋管内的冷凝换热性能,并通过对比冷凝换热系数实验值与关联式的预测值,探究了现有关联式对R513A的适用性,实验在冷凝温度33、35、38℃,质量流速50~150 kg/(m^(2)·s)的工况范围内进行。实验结果表明:冷凝换热系数随质量流速的增大而增大,在低质量流速区域,微肋管的冷凝换热系数增长幅度更大;随着齿密度的增加,管内换热面积增大,但管内表面张力作用增强,相应的流动阻力增强,强化传热作用被削弱;与R134a相比,微肋管对R513A的强化传热效果更优;对于光管,Bashar关联式的预测效果最佳,Cavallini关联式与Dobson关联式在低质量流速区域的预测误差偏大;对于微肋管,Yu关联式的预测效果最理想,Cavallini关联式与Kedzierski关联式均低估了管内冷凝换热特性。以Kedzierski关联式为基础,拟合了新的修正关联式,修正关联式的预测值与实验值的一致性较好,其平均绝对误差与标准差分别为7.8%、8.5%。

鱼鳍型涡发生器强化管翅式换热器传热

提出了一种鱼鳍型涡发生器,并将其应用在管翅式换热器中强化传热。采用数值模拟方法研究了鱼鳍型涡发生器安装方式对换热器中流体流动和传热的影响,分析了流体流经涡发生器前后的压力变化。结果表明:涡发生器以common-flow-up方式安装在圆管下游时传热j因子提高了46.6%,摩擦因子提高了24.4%,与以common-flow-down方式安装于圆管上游相比,圆管后方的负压区更小,流动阻力更小,冷热流体的混合效果更好,因而具有更好的强化传热效果。

房间空调器小管径室外换热器流路优化

随着空调器的快速发展和国际铜价的持续升高,制冷空调行业采用的换热器在向着小体积、低成本发展的过程中往往面临着性能衰减的技术瓶颈。为突破此瓶颈,以一款冷暖型房间空调器翅片管式室外换热器为研究对象,将其换热管外径由7 mm减小至5 mm并在此基础上优化其流路,最终实现Φ5 mm换热器性能达到初始样机水平并有效降低换热器成本。首先,分别在5种标准工况下测试初始样机性能;然后,利用CoilDesigner软件来分析小管径化对换热器性能的影响,仿真结果表明,在不改变流路布置的情况下,Φ5 mm换热器的换热能力略有提升,但制冷剂侧压降增大4~7倍;进一步地,有针对性地设计了5种流路布置方案来探究分路数、分路汇合位置等因素对换热器传热及压降特性的影响规律,总结了小管径翅片管式换热器流路优化的思路,并设计了3种Φ5 mm管径室外换热器流路优化方案。仿真评估3种方案的可行性后制作样机进行性能测试,实验结果表明:方案(3)性能与原换热器相当,同时其材料成本可降低34.6%。

多通道平行流扁管-紧凑式翅片相变蓄热器蓄/放热性能

工业余热浪费严重、利用率较低且实际应用过程中受到时间和空间的限制,需要高效蓄热技术和装置来解决此类问题。提出一种将多通道平行流扁管与紧凑式翅片相结合的新型相变蓄热器,以水为载热流体,月桂酸为相变材料。实验研究了载热流体注入方式、流量、入口温度对蓄热器蓄/放热性能的影响,并分析小温差下蓄热器的传热特性。结果显示,该蓄热器相变材料填充率为82.5%,紧凑式翅片的采用极大强化了相变材料侧换热过程,蓄/放热性能优良。当载热流体入口温度分别为45℃和41℃时,相变材料约在270 min和75 min完成相变,最小蓄/放热温差可达2℃,最小温差时的平均蓄热比功率为25.18 W/kg,平均取热比功率为20.23 W/kg。

管壳式换热器换热管强化传热研究

研究了油库夏季高温导致的油气回收工艺中吸附罐回收率低、吸收塔解吸效率低、油气回收系统能耗过高以及安全隐患较多等问题。将温度较低的地下水作为冷却水,从实践的角度构建多种强化传热结构的管壳式换热器并采用CFD的方法对其热力学与水力学性能进行多方面探究。结果表明当油气在管壳式换热器壳程中流动时,热流可以获得更好的冷却效果;油气在壳程流动时,CIRF型换热管具有最佳的热力学性能,RAW型换热管具有最佳的水力学性能。综合油气回收工况与计算结果配置CIRF型换热管的管壳式换热器在油气回收工艺中有着较强的适用性,其可以在有效提高油气的冷却效果的同时兼顾换热器的水力学性能。

Performance analyses of a novel finned parabolic trough receiver with inner tube for solar cascade heat collection

Designing highly-efficient parabolic trough receiver(PTR)contributes to promoting solar thermal utilization and alleviating energy crisis and environmental problems.A novel finned PTR with inner tube(FPTR-IT),which can provide different grades of thermal energy with two heat transfer fluids(oil and water),is designed to improve thermal efficiency.In this FPTR-IT,an inner tube and straight fins are employed to respectively lessen heat loss at upper and lower parts of the absorber.Based on the design,a numerical model is developed to investigate its performance.Comparisons with other PTRs indicate that the FPTR-IT can combine the advantages of PTR with inner tube and finned PTR and obtain the best performance.Moreover,performance evaluation under broad ranges of direct normal irradiances(300–1000 W/m^(2)),flow rates(50–250 L/min)and inlet temperatures(400–600 K)of oil as well as flow rates(3.6–10 L/min)and inlet temperatures(298.15–318.15 K)of water is investigated.Compared with conventional PTR,heat loss is reduced by 20.7%–63.2%and total efficiency is improved by 0.03%–4.27%.Furthermore,the proportions of heat gains for water and oil are located in 8.3%–73.9%and-12.0%–64.3%,while their temperature gains are located in 11.6–37.9 K and-1.2–19.6 K,respectively.Thus,the proposed FPTR-IT may have a promising application prospect in remote arid areas or islands to provide different grades of heat for electricity and freshwater production.