This study explores how the concept of enforcement style can be adapted to be more analytically useful in the study of environmental regulation,based on case studies of pollution control in the sector of petroleum ind...This study explores how the concept of enforcement style can be adapted to be more analytically useful in the study of environmental regulation,based on case studies of pollution control in the sector of petroleum industry in China. Inspired by earlier western studies on the theme of enforcement style,this article proposes a creative dimension for analyzing enforcement styles. It is suggested that enforcement styles comprise the degree of formalism,the degree of coercion,and the degree of willingness to enforcement. The second contribution is in showing the relationship of different types of enforcement styles to the three dimensions. In addition,we analyze the enforcement styles in the sector of pollution control of petroleum industry based on the refined hypothesize and draw out lessons to be learnt.展开更多
China has formed a complete and packaged system of domestic petroleum refining industry. Till 2020 the demand for petroleum products in China will record a sharp growth. However, China is currently confronted with a s...China has formed a complete and packaged system of domestic petroleum refining industry. Till 2020 the demand for petroleum products in China will record a sharp growth. However, China is currently confronted with a shortage of oil resources, unsatisfactory quality of petroleum products, a widening gap between demand and supply of steam cracking feedstocks, and a stern situation in environmental protection.In this context the petroleum refiners of China, while taking into account the actual conditions, should seek for the way of deep processing to produce transportation fuels and chemical feedstocks that can hardly be replaced by other energy forms, continue to bring into full play FCC process as core process for making finished oil products, speed up the development of hydrocracking to achieve integration between refining and chemical production, adopt measures that can combine feedstock pre-treatment, novel FCC technologies and after-treatment of products to improve the quality of finished products, as well as realize the recycling of wastewater and control over air pollution caused by SOx to accelerate the development of petroleum processing industry in China.展开更多
基金This paper is the stage achievement of the National Social Science Project“Public-Private Partnership in Rural Environmental Comprehensive Governance and Legal Protection”(15CFX053)supported by social science cultivation project of SWPU“PPP in Building of Characteristic Villages and Legal Protection”(2017RW010)also funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council
文摘This study explores how the concept of enforcement style can be adapted to be more analytically useful in the study of environmental regulation,based on case studies of pollution control in the sector of petroleum industry in China. Inspired by earlier western studies on the theme of enforcement style,this article proposes a creative dimension for analyzing enforcement styles. It is suggested that enforcement styles comprise the degree of formalism,the degree of coercion,and the degree of willingness to enforcement. The second contribution is in showing the relationship of different types of enforcement styles to the three dimensions. In addition,we analyze the enforcement styles in the sector of pollution control of petroleum industry based on the refined hypothesize and draw out lessons to be learnt.
文摘China has formed a complete and packaged system of domestic petroleum refining industry. Till 2020 the demand for petroleum products in China will record a sharp growth. However, China is currently confronted with a shortage of oil resources, unsatisfactory quality of petroleum products, a widening gap between demand and supply of steam cracking feedstocks, and a stern situation in environmental protection.In this context the petroleum refiners of China, while taking into account the actual conditions, should seek for the way of deep processing to produce transportation fuels and chemical feedstocks that can hardly be replaced by other energy forms, continue to bring into full play FCC process as core process for making finished oil products, speed up the development of hydrocracking to achieve integration between refining and chemical production, adopt measures that can combine feedstock pre-treatment, novel FCC technologies and after-treatment of products to improve the quality of finished products, as well as realize the recycling of wastewater and control over air pollution caused by SOx to accelerate the development of petroleum processing industry in China.
