We presented a 20-year-old patient with Crohn's disease (CD). Colonoscopy revealed longitudinal ulceratlon in the terminal ileum and rectal aphtoid ulcers, After treatment with mesalamine and total parenteral nutr...We presented a 20-year-old patient with Crohn's disease (CD). Colonoscopy revealed longitudinal ulceratlon in the terminal ileum and rectal aphtoid ulcers, After treatment with mesalamine and total parenteral nutrition, repeat colonoscopy revealed a granular elevated area in the terminal ileum, which appeared as an irregular dome-like elevation with irregularly arranged vill on magnifying endoscopy. Biopsy specimens taken from the region showed microgranulomas and lymphoid hyperplasia, Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of M cells, conthming that the area corresponded to Peyer's patches. Peyer's patches by magnifying endoscopy and electron microscopy may provide insights into the pathogenesis oF CD.展开更多
基于深度神经网络的目标检测技术已经广泛应用于各领域,然而,通过对抗补丁攻击在图像中添加局部扰动,以此来误导深度神经网络,对基于目标检测技术的视觉系统构成了严重威胁。针对这一问题,利用对抗补丁和图像背景的语义差异性,提出了一...基于深度神经网络的目标检测技术已经广泛应用于各领域,然而,通过对抗补丁攻击在图像中添加局部扰动,以此来误导深度神经网络,对基于目标检测技术的视觉系统构成了严重威胁。针对这一问题,利用对抗补丁和图像背景的语义差异性,提出了一种基于PatchTracker的对抗补丁防御算法,该算法由上游补丁检测器与下游数据增强模块组成。上游补丁检测器使用带有注意力机制的YOLOV5(you only look once-v5)确定对抗补丁所在位置,有助于提高对小尺度对抗补丁的检测精度;将检测区域用合适的像素值覆盖以抹除对抗补丁,上游补丁检测器不仅能够有效降低对抗样本的攻击性,而且不依赖大规模的训练数据;下游数据增强模块通过改进模型训练范式,提高下游目标检测器的鲁棒性;将抹除补丁后的图像输入经过数据增强的下游YOLOV5目标检测模型。在公开的TT100K交通标志数据集上进行了交叉验证,实验表明,与未采取防御措施相比,所提算法能够有效防御多种类型的通用对抗补丁攻击,在检测对抗补丁图像时的mAP(mean average precision)提高65%左右,有效地改善了小尺度对抗补丁的漏检情况。与现有算法比较,所提算法有效提高了神经网络在检测对抗样本时的准确率。此外,所提算法不涉及下游模型结构的修改,具有良好的兼容性。展开更多
The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses ...The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses a threat to both stability and sustainability.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the morphology,dynamic changes,and ecological responses associated with these sand patches.Therefore,we analyzed the formation and development process of sand patches within the protection system and its effects on herbaceous vegetation growth and soil nutrients through field observation,survey,and indoor analysis methods.The results showed that sand patch development can be divided into three stages,i.e.,formation,expansion,and stabilization,which correspond to the initial,actively developing,and semi-fixed sand patches,respectively.The average dimensions of all sand patch erosional areas were found to be 7.72 m in length,3.91 m in width,and 0.32 m in depth.The actively developing sand patches were the largest,and the initial sand patches were the smallest.Throughout the stage of formation and expansion,the herbaceous community composition changed,and the plant density decreased by more than 50.95%.Moreover,the coverage and height of herbaceous plants decreased in the erosional area and slightly increased in the depositional lobe;and the fine particles and nutrients of soils in the erosional area and depositional lobe showed a decreasing trend.In the stabilization phases of sand patches,the area from the inlet to the bottom of sand patches becomes initially covered with crusts.Vegetation and 0-2 cm surface soil condition improved in the erosional area,but this improvement was not yet evident in the depositional lobe.Factors such as disturbance,climate change,and surface resistance to erosion exert notable influences on the formation and dynamics of sand patches.The results can provide evidence for the future treatment of sand patches and the management of the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway.展开更多
Early screening of diabetes retinopathy(DR)plays an important role in preventing irreversible blindness.Existing research has failed to fully explore effective DR lesion information in fundus maps.Besides,traditional ...Early screening of diabetes retinopathy(DR)plays an important role in preventing irreversible blindness.Existing research has failed to fully explore effective DR lesion information in fundus maps.Besides,traditional attention schemes have not considered the impact of lesion type differences on grading,resulting in unreasonable extraction of important lesion features.Therefore,this paper proposes a DR diagnosis scheme that integrates a multi-level patch attention generator(MPAG)and a lesion localization module(LLM).Firstly,MPAGis used to predict patches of different sizes and generate a weighted attention map based on the prediction score and the types of lesions contained in the patches,fully considering the impact of lesion type differences on grading,solving the problem that the attention maps of lesions cannot be further refined and then adapted to the final DR diagnosis task.Secondly,the LLM generates a global attention map based on localization.Finally,the weighted attention map and global attention map are weighted with the fundus map to fully explore effective DR lesion information and increase the attention of the classification network to lesion details.This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method through extensive experiments on the public DDR dataset,obtaining an accuracy of 0.8064.展开更多
Background:With the expansion of urban areas,the remnants of forested areas play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity in urban environments.This study aimed to explore the impact of spatiotemporal urban expansion...Background:With the expansion of urban areas,the remnants of forested areas play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity in urban environments.This study aimed to explore the impact of spatiotemporal urban expansion on the networks of leaf traits in woody plants within remnant forest patches,thereby enhancing our understanding of plant adaptive strategies and contributing to the conservation of urban biodiversity.Methods:Our study examined woody plants within 120 sample plots across 15 remnant forest patches in Guiyang,China.We constructed leaf trait networks (LTNs) based on 26 anatomical,structural,and compositional leaf traits and assessed the effects of the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban expansion on these LTNs.Results and conclusions:Our results indicate that shrubs within these patches have greater average path lengths and diameters than trees.With increasing urban expansion intensity,we observed a rise in the edge density of the LTN-shrubs.Additionally,modularity within the networks of shrubs decreased as road density and urban expansion intensity increased,and increases in the average path length and average clustering coefficient for shrubs were observed with a rise in the composite terrain complexity index.Notably,patches subjected to‘leapfrog’expansion exhibited greater average patch length and diameter than those experiencing edge growth.Stomatal traits were found to have high degree centrality within these networks,signifying their substantial contribution to multiple functions.In urban remnant forests,shrubs bolster their resilience to variable environmental pressures by augmenting the complexity of their leaf trait networks.展开更多
[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of Sanying capsule combined with Xiaoying Patch in treating thyroid nodule(TN).[Methods]Two groups were treated similarly,with 200 cases in the control group undergoing bas...[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of Sanying capsule combined with Xiaoying Patch in treating thyroid nodule(TN).[Methods]Two groups were treated similarly,with 200 cases in the control group undergoing basic treatment for 12 weeks and 198 cases in the observation group receiving Sanying capsule combined with Xiaoying patches for the same duration.The clinical symptoms,number of nodules,diameter of the largest nodule,and maximum reduction of nodules were observed before and after treatment.A control analysis was performed,and the underlying mechanisms were explored.[Results]The primary symptoms of the observation group exhibited a more favorable improvement than those of the control group.Additionally,the number of nodules decreased,the diameter of the largest nodule decreased,and the maximum reduction of nodules decreased in both groups following treatment.However,the observation group demonstrated a more pronounced improvement than the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The combination of Sanying capsule and Xiaoying patch has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for TN,with a high degree of reliability in terms of safety.展开更多
Pose-invariant facial expression recognition(FER)is an active but challenging research topic in computer vision.Especially with the involvement of diverse observation angles,FER makes the training parameter models inc...Pose-invariant facial expression recognition(FER)is an active but challenging research topic in computer vision.Especially with the involvement of diverse observation angles,FER makes the training parameter models inconsistent from one view to another.This study develops a deep global multiple-scale and local patches attention(GMS-LPA)dual-branch network for pose-invariant FER to weaken the influence of pose variation and selfocclusion on recognition accuracy.In this research,the designed GMS-LPA network contains four main parts,i.e.,the feature extraction module,the global multiple-scale(GMS)module,the local patches attention(LPA)module,and the model-level fusion model.The feature extraction module is designed to extract and normalize texture information to the same size.The GMS model can extract deep global features with different receptive fields,releasing the sensitivity of deeper convolution layers to pose-variant and self-occlusion.The LPA module is built to force the network to focus on local salient features,which can lower the effect of pose variation and self-occlusion on recognition results.Subsequently,the extracted features are fused with a model-level strategy to improve recognition accuracy.Extensive experimentswere conducted on four public databases,and the recognition results demonstrated the feasibility and validity of the proposed methods.展开更多
The effects of surf zone eddy generated by alongshore currents on the deformation and transport of dye are still poorly understood,and related tracer release experiments are lacking.Therefore,a tracer release laborato...The effects of surf zone eddy generated by alongshore currents on the deformation and transport of dye are still poorly understood,and related tracer release experiments are lacking.Therefore,a tracer release laboratory experiment was conducted under monochromatic,unidirectional incident waves with a large incident angle(30°)on a plane beach with a 1:100 slope in a large wave basin.A charge-coupled device suspended above the basin recorded the dye patch image.The evolution of eddy dye patch was observed and the transport and diffusion were analyzed based on the collected images.Subsequently,a linear instability numerical model was adopted to calculate the perturbation velocity field at the initial stage.The observation and image processing results show that surf zone eddy patches occurred and were separated from the original dye patches.Our numerical analysis results demonstrate that the structure of the perturbation velocity field is consistent with the experimental observations,and that the ejection of eddy patches shoreward or offshore may be ascribed to the double vortex.展开更多
Objective:To explore the efficacy of auricular acupoint pressure patch combined with modified Huangqi Decoction in treating diabetic nephropathy.Methods:60 patients with diabetic nephropathy treated in our hospital fr...Objective:To explore the efficacy of auricular acupoint pressure patch combined with modified Huangqi Decoction in treating diabetic nephropathy.Methods:60 patients with diabetic nephropathy treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected for this study.The patients were randomly divided into two groups using the random number table method,with 30 patients in each group.Among them,the control group was treated with conventional Western medicine,while the experimental group was treated with auricular acupoint pressure patches combined with modified Huangqi Decoction.The patients’fasting blood glucose(FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),urinary protein quantification,urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),and other indicators were detected and recorded before and after treatment.Results:Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in the FPG,the 2hPG,and the HbA1c between the two groups of patients(P>0.05);after treatment,the FPG,the 2hPG,and the HbA1c of the patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in the urinary protein quantification,the BUN,and the SCr between the two groups of patients(P>0.05);after treatment,the urinary protein quantification,BUN,and SCr of the patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The experimental group showed better improvement in symptoms such as fatigue,backache,and frequency of nocturia(P<0.05).Conclusion:Auricular acupoint pressure patch combined with modified Huangqi Decoction effectively treats diabetic nephropathy and it helps control blood sugar and renal function indicators and improve clinical symptoms,therefore improving the patients’quality of life.展开更多
Suspension of formalized Campylobacter jejunt (2×10 CFU/ml)was injected into a bothend-ligated intestinal loop of ileum which contained some Peyer's patches from non-immunized adult mice after laparotomy unde...Suspension of formalized Campylobacter jejunt (2×10 CFU/ml)was injected into a bothend-ligated intestinal loop of ileum which contained some Peyer's patches from non-immunized adult mice after laparotomy under anesthesia.After 1-hour post inoculation, the specimen was taken out and prepared for TEM and SEM observation.The results showed that bacteria adhered specifically on the surface of M cells of Peyer's patches.The microvilli and microfolds of the M cells fused to capture the bacteria and to form a large endocytotic vesicle in the cytoplasm of the M cell,then transported inward,and, at last.released into the central cavity between lymphocytes.Occasionally, we found some of them were phagocytosed by lymphocytes.展开更多
Sweat diagnostics are being developed to provide insights into monitoring human health status using an accessi-bly non-invasive technique of sweat analysis[1-3].Abundant compositions,ranging from electrolytes and meta...Sweat diagnostics are being developed to provide insights into monitoring human health status using an accessi-bly non-invasive technique of sweat analysis[1-3].Abundant compositions,ranging from electrolytes and metabolites to large proteins,can be found in sweat,which have similar types of physiological biomarkers observed in the blood[1].Recent advances in flexible electronics[4-7]have transformed conventional laboratory tests into personalized sweat molecu-lar analysis that facilitates real-time sensing of target biomark-ers[3].展开更多
Objective:To investigate the dynamic regulation of self-assembled aggregations(SAA)in Coptidis Rhizoma decoction on the permeability of intestinal tissue and the mechanism underlying.Methods:The effects of SAA on berb...Objective:To investigate the dynamic regulation of self-assembled aggregations(SAA)in Coptidis Rhizoma decoction on the permeability of intestinal tissue and the mechanism underlying.Methods:The effects of SAA on berberine(Ber)absorption were respectively analyzed in an in situ intestinal perfusion model and in an Ussing Chamber jejunum model with or without Peyer’s patches(PPs).The expression levels of ZO-1,Occludin and Claudin-1 were detected by immunofluorescence to evaluate the tight junction(TJ)between intestinal epithelium cells.The expression levels of T-box-containing protein expressed in T cells,signal transducers and activators of tranion-6,retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor ct and forkhead box P3 in PPs were detected by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the secretions of interferon-c(IFN-c),interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-17(IL-17)and transforming growth factor-b(TGF-b)in PPs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry,to reflect the differentiation of T lymphocyte in PPs to helper T(Th)cell 1,Th2,Th17 and regulatory T(Treg)cell.To confirm the correlation between SAA in Coptidis Rhizoma decoction,PPs-associated immunity and intestinal epithelium permeability,SAA were administrated on an Ussing Chamber jejunum model with immunosuppressed PPs and evaluated its influences on intestinal tissue permeability and TJ proteins expression.Results:SAA in Coptidis Rhizoma decoction could dose-dependently promote Ber absorption in jejunum segment,with the participation of PPs.The dose-dependent and dynamical regulations of SAA on permeability of intestinal tissue and TJ proteins expression level between intestinal epithelium cells occurred along with the dynamically changed T lymphocyte differentiation and immune effectors secretion in PPs.The administration of SAA on immunosuppressed PPs exhibited dose-dependent PPs activation,inducing dynamic promotion on intestinal tissue permeability and inhibition on TJ proteins expression.Conclusion:SAA can improve the Ber absorption in small intestine,through the PPs-associated immunity induced dynamic regulation on intestinal tissue permeability and TJ proteins expression.These findings might enlighten the research of traditional Chinese medicine decoction.展开更多
The conventional case of patch repair involves bonding a patch over single damage/hole in the laminate.This work investigates the effect of interaction of two holes on the tensile behavior patch repaired carbon epoxy ...The conventional case of patch repair involves bonding a patch over single damage/hole in the laminate.This work investigates the effect of interaction of two holes on the tensile behavior patch repaired carbon epoxy woven laminates.The specimens of[0°/45°/45°/0°]laminates were repaired with adhesively bonded two-ply[45°]2external patches.Three different cases of drilled specimens were produced with different hole arrangements viz.specimens with single central hole(SH),with two holes aligned along the longitudinal axis(LH)and with two holes along transverse axis(TH).The two-hole specimens were repaired with two different types,i.e.single large patches(SP)and with the two smaller patches(DP)of combined bonding area equal to the single large patches.Digital image correlation(DIC)was employed to capture strain contours.The results reveal the difference in the load transfer through the patches depending upon the arrangement of holes.The TH repaired specimen exhibit significant load recovery(SP-32.75%,DP-34.62%)while the LH specimens result in very marginal(SP-6.11%,DP-4.10%)recovery compared to their drilled case.The TH specimen failed by crack growing through both the holes beneath the patch,while the LH specimens failed by the failure through only one hole.The use of single large patch over multiple holes and multiple small patches individually over each hole has no significant influence on load recovery.展开更多
An integration of single-layer proximitycoupling patch antenna and solar cells with bandwidth enhancement and optical energy harvesting is proposed for sustainable communication.For this purpose,many dual-function com...An integration of single-layer proximitycoupling patch antenna and solar cells with bandwidth enhancement and optical energy harvesting is proposed for sustainable communication.For this purpose,many dual-function components are selected for designing the miniaturized solar cell antenna.On the one hand,by greatly affecting the current flow of the rectangular patch,vias and proximity-coupling are introduced to control the resonance modes frequency and matching,respectively,for wideband application,and the radiation performance property can be achieved by high-order mode.On the other hand,vias and proximity-coupling are beneficial to complete direct-current(DC)loop of solar cell and improve compatibility of DC-RF(radio frequency),whereas a high-order mode is beneficial to increase the area of collected light energy.To prove the working principle,fabricated and manufactured solar cell antenna.The measured and simulated results illustrate that the solar cell antenna gain is raised to as high as 9.27 d Bi in4.37 to 5.06 GHz applied to fifth generation communication(5G).展开更多
Global climate changes have significantly affected tree growth and forest structures and functions in some arid and semi-arid regions,which are becoming warmer and wetter.Due to natural factors such as climate and ter...Global climate changes have significantly affected tree growth and forest structures and functions in some arid and semi-arid regions,which are becoming warmer and wetter.Due to natural factors such as climate and terrain,some tree species may form different forest patches at the edges of their distribution areas.However,how forest patches of various sizes respond to climate change is unclear.In this study,we collected 203 tree cores from six different sizes of forest patches at the edge of the distribution area of Picea crassifolia Kom.in the northeast Tibetan Plateau.And we used the dendrochronology method to study the response of tree growth and resilience in different forest patches to climate change from 1961 to 2020.We simultaneously measured the contents of nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC),total nitrogen and total phosphorus of tree needles.Our results showed that the growth of trees in small-and medium-size forest patches(0.8–18.6 ha)has increased significantly.The early growing season(May–July)minimum temperature was the most important climate factor driving the growth of small-and medium-sized patch trees.The early growing season maximum temperature was the most important climate factor that inhibited the growth of trees in the largest patches(362.8 ha).The growth of individual trees in medium forest patches was better and the correlation with annual minimum temperature,maximum temperature,precipitation,actual evapotranspiration,and palmer drought severity index was stronger.The higher NSC content,stronger photosynthesis,and higher nitrogen utilization efficiency in leaves might be one of the reasons for the better growth of trees in moderate forest patches.In extreme drought years,as the forest patch area increased,the overall trend of tree growth resistance showed a unimodal pattern,with the highest at a forest patch area of 7.1 ha,while the overall trend of tree growth recovery was opposite.Therefore,we should strengthen the management of trees in large forest patches to cope with climate change.展开更多
文摘We presented a 20-year-old patient with Crohn's disease (CD). Colonoscopy revealed longitudinal ulceratlon in the terminal ileum and rectal aphtoid ulcers, After treatment with mesalamine and total parenteral nutrition, repeat colonoscopy revealed a granular elevated area in the terminal ileum, which appeared as an irregular dome-like elevation with irregularly arranged vill on magnifying endoscopy. Biopsy specimens taken from the region showed microgranulomas and lymphoid hyperplasia, Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of M cells, conthming that the area corresponded to Peyer's patches. Peyer's patches by magnifying endoscopy and electron microscopy may provide insights into the pathogenesis oF CD.
基金Supported by Strategic Program of Chinese University of Hong KongDistinguished Young Investigator Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30029002
文摘瞄准:在氮的氧化物的版本上调查在伤寒上皮细胞和 Peyer 的补丁的淋巴细胞之间的相互作用的效果(没有) 并且响应志贺氏菌属脂肪的多糖(LPS ) 的 IL-6。方法:人的结肠的上皮细胞(Caco-2 ) 是有 Peyer 的补丁从的淋巴细胞的混合 cocultured 野类型(C57 老鼠) 并且可诱导没有 synthase 大美人老鼠,并且与志贺氏菌属 F2a-12 LPS 质问了。版本没有并且 mIL-6 被 Griess 比色测定和连接酶的免疫吸着剂试金(ELISA ) 分别地测量。结果:当 LPS 挑战不在时,不在 Caco-2 上皮细胞的培养基然而并非在 Peyer 的补丁的淋巴细胞被检测,并且 NO 版本在有从也的淋巴细胞的两 cocultures 是进一步起来调整的野类型或 i NOS 大美人老鼠,与一显著地,高水平与 i NOS 猛烈淋巴细胞在 coculture 观察了。在为 24-h 的志贺氏菌属 F2a-12 LPS 挑战以后,没有生产显著地从野类型的老鼠然而并非从 i NOS 猛烈老鼠与 Peyer 的补丁的淋巴细胞在独自一个的 Caco-2 和 coculture 被增加。LPS 被发现从淋巴细胞刺激 mIL-6 的版本,它被 coculture 与 Caco-2 上皮细胞压制。在从 i NOS 猛烈老鼠的淋巴细胞的导致 LPS 的 mIL-6 生产从野类型的老鼠比那显著地大。结论:Peyer 的补丁的淋巴细胞从伤寒维持没有生产的组成的基础水平上皮的房间 Caco-2。从 Peyer 的补丁的淋巴细胞的导致 LPS 的 mIL-6 版本被 cocultured 上皮细胞压制。当没有变化在在淋巴细胞从的没有生产是可检测的时野类型并且在 LPS 前后的 i NOS 猛烈老鼠质问,不从淋巴细胞看起来起一个禁止的作用在上皮响应 LPS 的没有版本和他们的自己的 mIL-6 版本。
文摘基于深度神经网络的目标检测技术已经广泛应用于各领域,然而,通过对抗补丁攻击在图像中添加局部扰动,以此来误导深度神经网络,对基于目标检测技术的视觉系统构成了严重威胁。针对这一问题,利用对抗补丁和图像背景的语义差异性,提出了一种基于PatchTracker的对抗补丁防御算法,该算法由上游补丁检测器与下游数据增强模块组成。上游补丁检测器使用带有注意力机制的YOLOV5(you only look once-v5)确定对抗补丁所在位置,有助于提高对小尺度对抗补丁的检测精度;将检测区域用合适的像素值覆盖以抹除对抗补丁,上游补丁检测器不仅能够有效降低对抗样本的攻击性,而且不依赖大规模的训练数据;下游数据增强模块通过改进模型训练范式,提高下游目标检测器的鲁棒性;将抹除补丁后的图像输入经过数据增强的下游YOLOV5目标检测模型。在公开的TT100K交通标志数据集上进行了交叉验证,实验表明,与未采取防御措施相比,所提算法能够有效防御多种类型的通用对抗补丁攻击,在检测对抗补丁图像时的mAP(mean average precision)提高65%左右,有效地改善了小尺度对抗补丁的漏检情况。与现有算法比较,所提算法有效提高了神经网络在检测对抗样本时的准确率。此外,所提算法不涉及下游模型结构的修改,具有良好的兼容性。
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2022BEG02003)the Excellent Member of Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y202085)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2023448).
文摘The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses a threat to both stability and sustainability.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the morphology,dynamic changes,and ecological responses associated with these sand patches.Therefore,we analyzed the formation and development process of sand patches within the protection system and its effects on herbaceous vegetation growth and soil nutrients through field observation,survey,and indoor analysis methods.The results showed that sand patch development can be divided into three stages,i.e.,formation,expansion,and stabilization,which correspond to the initial,actively developing,and semi-fixed sand patches,respectively.The average dimensions of all sand patch erosional areas were found to be 7.72 m in length,3.91 m in width,and 0.32 m in depth.The actively developing sand patches were the largest,and the initial sand patches were the smallest.Throughout the stage of formation and expansion,the herbaceous community composition changed,and the plant density decreased by more than 50.95%.Moreover,the coverage and height of herbaceous plants decreased in the erosional area and slightly increased in the depositional lobe;and the fine particles and nutrients of soils in the erosional area and depositional lobe showed a decreasing trend.In the stabilization phases of sand patches,the area from the inlet to the bottom of sand patches becomes initially covered with crusts.Vegetation and 0-2 cm surface soil condition improved in the erosional area,but this improvement was not yet evident in the depositional lobe.Factors such as disturbance,climate change,and surface resistance to erosion exert notable influences on the formation and dynamics of sand patches.The results can provide evidence for the future treatment of sand patches and the management of the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway.
基金supported in part by the Research on the Application of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes under Grant No.2020SK50910in part by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 2023JJ60020.
文摘Early screening of diabetes retinopathy(DR)plays an important role in preventing irreversible blindness.Existing research has failed to fully explore effective DR lesion information in fundus maps.Besides,traditional attention schemes have not considered the impact of lesion type differences on grading,resulting in unreasonable extraction of important lesion features.Therefore,this paper proposes a DR diagnosis scheme that integrates a multi-level patch attention generator(MPAG)and a lesion localization module(LLM).Firstly,MPAGis used to predict patches of different sizes and generate a weighted attention map based on the prediction score and the types of lesions contained in the patches,fully considering the impact of lesion type differences on grading,solving the problem that the attention maps of lesions cannot be further refined and then adapted to the final DR diagnosis task.Secondly,the LLM generates a global attention map based on localization.Finally,the weighted attention map and global attention map are weighted with the fundus map to fully explore effective DR lesion information and increase the attention of the classification network to lesion details.This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method through extensive experiments on the public DDR dataset,obtaining an accuracy of 0.8064.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32360418)the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program (Natural Science)(No.QianKeHeJiChu-ZK[2024]YiBan022)。
文摘Background:With the expansion of urban areas,the remnants of forested areas play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity in urban environments.This study aimed to explore the impact of spatiotemporal urban expansion on the networks of leaf traits in woody plants within remnant forest patches,thereby enhancing our understanding of plant adaptive strategies and contributing to the conservation of urban biodiversity.Methods:Our study examined woody plants within 120 sample plots across 15 remnant forest patches in Guiyang,China.We constructed leaf trait networks (LTNs) based on 26 anatomical,structural,and compositional leaf traits and assessed the effects of the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban expansion on these LTNs.Results and conclusions:Our results indicate that shrubs within these patches have greater average path lengths and diameters than trees.With increasing urban expansion intensity,we observed a rise in the edge density of the LTN-shrubs.Additionally,modularity within the networks of shrubs decreased as road density and urban expansion intensity increased,and increases in the average path length and average clustering coefficient for shrubs were observed with a rise in the composite terrain complexity index.Notably,patches subjected to‘leapfrog’expansion exhibited greater average patch length and diameter than those experiencing edge growth.Stomatal traits were found to have high degree centrality within these networks,signifying their substantial contribution to multiple functions.In urban remnant forests,shrubs bolster their resilience to variable environmental pressures by augmenting the complexity of their leaf trait networks.
基金Supported by"Shaanxi Hu Xiaojuan Famous Chinese Medicine Workshop"Construction Project of Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine"Thyroid Specialized Clinic"Construction Project of Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
文摘[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of Sanying capsule combined with Xiaoying Patch in treating thyroid nodule(TN).[Methods]Two groups were treated similarly,with 200 cases in the control group undergoing basic treatment for 12 weeks and 198 cases in the observation group receiving Sanying capsule combined with Xiaoying patches for the same duration.The clinical symptoms,number of nodules,diameter of the largest nodule,and maximum reduction of nodules were observed before and after treatment.A control analysis was performed,and the underlying mechanisms were explored.[Results]The primary symptoms of the observation group exhibited a more favorable improvement than those of the control group.Additionally,the number of nodules decreased,the diameter of the largest nodule decreased,and the maximum reduction of nodules decreased in both groups following treatment.However,the observation group demonstrated a more pronounced improvement than the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The combination of Sanying capsule and Xiaoying patch has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for TN,with a high degree of reliability in terms of safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31872399)Advantage Discipline Construction Project (PAPD,No.6-2018)of Jiangsu University。
文摘Pose-invariant facial expression recognition(FER)is an active but challenging research topic in computer vision.Especially with the involvement of diverse observation angles,FER makes the training parameter models inconsistent from one view to another.This study develops a deep global multiple-scale and local patches attention(GMS-LPA)dual-branch network for pose-invariant FER to weaken the influence of pose variation and selfocclusion on recognition accuracy.In this research,the designed GMS-LPA network contains four main parts,i.e.,the feature extraction module,the global multiple-scale(GMS)module,the local patches attention(LPA)module,and the model-level fusion model.The feature extraction module is designed to extract and normalize texture information to the same size.The GMS model can extract deep global features with different receptive fields,releasing the sensitivity of deeper convolution layers to pose-variant and self-occlusion.The LPA module is built to force the network to focus on local salient features,which can lower the effect of pose variation and self-occlusion on recognition results.Subsequently,the extracted features are fused with a model-level strategy to improve recognition accuracy.Extensive experimentswere conducted on four public databases,and the recognition results demonstrated the feasibility and validity of the proposed methods.
基金The open foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety under contract No.HESS-2006the Shanxi Province Science Foundation under contract No.202103021224116the research project supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China under contract No.2023-067.
文摘The effects of surf zone eddy generated by alongshore currents on the deformation and transport of dye are still poorly understood,and related tracer release experiments are lacking.Therefore,a tracer release laboratory experiment was conducted under monochromatic,unidirectional incident waves with a large incident angle(30°)on a plane beach with a 1:100 slope in a large wave basin.A charge-coupled device suspended above the basin recorded the dye patch image.The evolution of eddy dye patch was observed and the transport and diffusion were analyzed based on the collected images.Subsequently,a linear instability numerical model was adopted to calculate the perturbation velocity field at the initial stage.The observation and image processing results show that surf zone eddy patches occurred and were separated from the original dye patches.Our numerical analysis results demonstrate that the structure of the perturbation velocity field is consistent with the experimental observations,and that the ejection of eddy patches shoreward or offshore may be ascribed to the double vortex.
文摘Objective:To explore the efficacy of auricular acupoint pressure patch combined with modified Huangqi Decoction in treating diabetic nephropathy.Methods:60 patients with diabetic nephropathy treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected for this study.The patients were randomly divided into two groups using the random number table method,with 30 patients in each group.Among them,the control group was treated with conventional Western medicine,while the experimental group was treated with auricular acupoint pressure patches combined with modified Huangqi Decoction.The patients’fasting blood glucose(FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),urinary protein quantification,urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr),and other indicators were detected and recorded before and after treatment.Results:Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in the FPG,the 2hPG,and the HbA1c between the two groups of patients(P>0.05);after treatment,the FPG,the 2hPG,and the HbA1c of the patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in the urinary protein quantification,the BUN,and the SCr between the two groups of patients(P>0.05);after treatment,the urinary protein quantification,BUN,and SCr of the patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The experimental group showed better improvement in symptoms such as fatigue,backache,and frequency of nocturia(P<0.05).Conclusion:Auricular acupoint pressure patch combined with modified Huangqi Decoction effectively treats diabetic nephropathy and it helps control blood sugar and renal function indicators and improve clinical symptoms,therefore improving the patients’quality of life.
文摘Suspension of formalized Campylobacter jejunt (2×10 CFU/ml)was injected into a bothend-ligated intestinal loop of ileum which contained some Peyer's patches from non-immunized adult mice after laparotomy under anesthesia.After 1-hour post inoculation, the specimen was taken out and prepared for TEM and SEM observation.The results showed that bacteria adhered specifically on the surface of M cells of Peyer's patches.The microvilli and microfolds of the M cells fused to capture the bacteria and to form a large endocytotic vesicle in the cytoplasm of the M cell,then transported inward,and, at last.released into the central cavity between lymphocytes.Occasionally, we found some of them were phagocytosed by lymphocytes.
文摘Sweat diagnostics are being developed to provide insights into monitoring human health status using an accessi-bly non-invasive technique of sweat analysis[1-3].Abundant compositions,ranging from electrolytes and metabolites to large proteins,can be found in sweat,which have similar types of physiological biomarkers observed in the blood[1].Recent advances in flexible electronics[4-7]have transformed conventional laboratory tests into personalized sweat molecu-lar analysis that facilitates real-time sensing of target biomark-ers[3].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 81874348,81303239)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(grant numbers 1908085J29)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Plan of Anhui Province(grant number 201904b11020023)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines(grant number SKLNMKF202007)the Provincial Foundation for Excellent Young Talents of Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province(grant number gxyqZD2018052)the Anhui Provincial Department of Education(grant number KJ2018A0282)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the dynamic regulation of self-assembled aggregations(SAA)in Coptidis Rhizoma decoction on the permeability of intestinal tissue and the mechanism underlying.Methods:The effects of SAA on berberine(Ber)absorption were respectively analyzed in an in situ intestinal perfusion model and in an Ussing Chamber jejunum model with or without Peyer’s patches(PPs).The expression levels of ZO-1,Occludin and Claudin-1 were detected by immunofluorescence to evaluate the tight junction(TJ)between intestinal epithelium cells.The expression levels of T-box-containing protein expressed in T cells,signal transducers and activators of tranion-6,retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor ct and forkhead box P3 in PPs were detected by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the secretions of interferon-c(IFN-c),interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-17(IL-17)and transforming growth factor-b(TGF-b)in PPs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry,to reflect the differentiation of T lymphocyte in PPs to helper T(Th)cell 1,Th2,Th17 and regulatory T(Treg)cell.To confirm the correlation between SAA in Coptidis Rhizoma decoction,PPs-associated immunity and intestinal epithelium permeability,SAA were administrated on an Ussing Chamber jejunum model with immunosuppressed PPs and evaluated its influences on intestinal tissue permeability and TJ proteins expression.Results:SAA in Coptidis Rhizoma decoction could dose-dependently promote Ber absorption in jejunum segment,with the participation of PPs.The dose-dependent and dynamical regulations of SAA on permeability of intestinal tissue and TJ proteins expression level between intestinal epithelium cells occurred along with the dynamically changed T lymphocyte differentiation and immune effectors secretion in PPs.The administration of SAA on immunosuppressed PPs exhibited dose-dependent PPs activation,inducing dynamic promotion on intestinal tissue permeability and inhibition on TJ proteins expression.Conclusion:SAA can improve the Ber absorption in small intestine,through the PPs-associated immunity induced dynamic regulation on intestinal tissue permeability and TJ proteins expression.These findings might enlighten the research of traditional Chinese medicine decoction.
基金the financial support by the Council of Scientific&Industrial Research (CSIR)-Research Scheme (22/0809/2019-EMR-Ⅱ)
文摘The conventional case of patch repair involves bonding a patch over single damage/hole in the laminate.This work investigates the effect of interaction of two holes on the tensile behavior patch repaired carbon epoxy woven laminates.The specimens of[0°/45°/45°/0°]laminates were repaired with adhesively bonded two-ply[45°]2external patches.Three different cases of drilled specimens were produced with different hole arrangements viz.specimens with single central hole(SH),with two holes aligned along the longitudinal axis(LH)and with two holes along transverse axis(TH).The two-hole specimens were repaired with two different types,i.e.single large patches(SP)and with the two smaller patches(DP)of combined bonding area equal to the single large patches.Digital image correlation(DIC)was employed to capture strain contours.The results reveal the difference in the load transfer through the patches depending upon the arrangement of holes.The TH repaired specimen exhibit significant load recovery(SP-32.75%,DP-34.62%)while the LH specimens result in very marginal(SP-6.11%,DP-4.10%)recovery compared to their drilled case.The TH specimen failed by crack growing through both the holes beneath the patch,while the LH specimens failed by the failure through only one hole.The use of single large patch over multiple holes and multiple small patches individually over each hole has no significant influence on load recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62101380)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology。
文摘An integration of single-layer proximitycoupling patch antenna and solar cells with bandwidth enhancement and optical energy harvesting is proposed for sustainable communication.For this purpose,many dual-function components are selected for designing the miniaturized solar cell antenna.On the one hand,by greatly affecting the current flow of the rectangular patch,vias and proximity-coupling are introduced to control the resonance modes frequency and matching,respectively,for wideband application,and the radiation performance property can be achieved by high-order mode.On the other hand,vias and proximity-coupling are beneficial to complete direct-current(DC)loop of solar cell and improve compatibility of DC-RF(radio frequency),whereas a high-order mode is beneficial to increase the area of collected light energy.To prove the working principle,fabricated and manufactured solar cell antenna.The measured and simulated results illustrate that the solar cell antenna gain is raised to as high as 9.27 d Bi in4.37 to 5.06 GHz applied to fifth generation communication(5G).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31971460 and 32271646s).
文摘Global climate changes have significantly affected tree growth and forest structures and functions in some arid and semi-arid regions,which are becoming warmer and wetter.Due to natural factors such as climate and terrain,some tree species may form different forest patches at the edges of their distribution areas.However,how forest patches of various sizes respond to climate change is unclear.In this study,we collected 203 tree cores from six different sizes of forest patches at the edge of the distribution area of Picea crassifolia Kom.in the northeast Tibetan Plateau.And we used the dendrochronology method to study the response of tree growth and resilience in different forest patches to climate change from 1961 to 2020.We simultaneously measured the contents of nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC),total nitrogen and total phosphorus of tree needles.Our results showed that the growth of trees in small-and medium-size forest patches(0.8–18.6 ha)has increased significantly.The early growing season(May–July)minimum temperature was the most important climate factor driving the growth of small-and medium-sized patch trees.The early growing season maximum temperature was the most important climate factor that inhibited the growth of trees in the largest patches(362.8 ha).The growth of individual trees in medium forest patches was better and the correlation with annual minimum temperature,maximum temperature,precipitation,actual evapotranspiration,and palmer drought severity index was stronger.The higher NSC content,stronger photosynthesis,and higher nitrogen utilization efficiency in leaves might be one of the reasons for the better growth of trees in moderate forest patches.In extreme drought years,as the forest patch area increased,the overall trend of tree growth resistance showed a unimodal pattern,with the highest at a forest patch area of 7.1 ha,while the overall trend of tree growth recovery was opposite.Therefore,we should strengthen the management of trees in large forest patches to cope with climate change.