弓形虫复合粘膜疫苗滴鼻免疫小鼠诱导的Peyer's patches持续性细胞免疫应答

目的以可溶性速殖子抗原（soluble tachyzoite antigen，STAg）和霍乱毒素（choleratoxin，CT）佐剂制备的弓形虫复合粘膜疫苗滴鼻免疫小鼠，观察肠粘膜诱导部位Peyer’s patches（PP）的细胞免疫应答及持续时间，探讨其免疫机制。方法BALB／c小鼠96只，随机分为实验组和对照组，实验组以STAg（20μg／只）为抗原，CT（1／μg／只）为佐剂滴鼻免疫，对照组PBS滴鼻。滴鼻2次（间隔2周）后，每组6只小鼠分别于第1、2、3、4、6、8、10、12周处死。计数PP个数，制备PP淋巴细胞悬液，计数并涂片；免疫细胞化学法检测CD4^＋、CD8^＋T细胞亚群。结果实验期间两组小鼠PP数目均无明显变化；实验组免疫后PP淋巴细胞数量明显增生，第2周达高峰，第1、2、3周显著高于对照组（P〈0.05），其中以CD4^＋T细胞增生为主，第1周～第8周高于对照组（P〈0.01），CD8^＋T细胞第1周～第4周显著增高（P〈0.01），CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值无显著变化（P〉0．05）。结论弓形虫复合粘膜疫苗滴鼻免疫BALB／c小鼠可有效诱导肠PP部位持续性的免疫应答，从而激活肠粘膜效应部位淋巴细胞的抗弓形虫感染作用。

Endoscopic identification of Peyer's patches of the terminal ileum in a patient with Crohn's disease

We presented a 20-year-old patient with Crohn's disease (CD).Colonoscopy revealed longitudinal ulceration in the terminal ileum and rectal aphtoid ulcers.After treatment with mesalamine and total parenteral nutrition,repeat colonoscopy revealed a granular elevated area in the terminal ileum,which appeared as an irregular dome-like elevation with irregularly arranged villi on magnifying endoscopy.Biopsy specimens taken from the region showed microgranulomas and lymphoid hyperplasia,Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of M cells,confirming that the area corresponded to Peyer's patches.Peyer's patches by magnifying endoscopy and electron microscopy may provide insights into the pathogenesis of CD.

家兔派尹尔氏(Peyer's Patches)淋巴集结圆顶上皮内微褶细胞的来源与分化

对不同发育时期家兔Peyer's Patches圆顶的显微和亚显微结构系统观察表明,圆顶上皮内的微褶细胞来源于中胚层,而不是由未分化的肠上皮细胞分化而来,可能同巨噬细胞是同一组细胞系来源。

An Ultrastructural Study of Phagocytosis and Transport of Formalized Campylobacter jejuni By M Cells into Mouse Peyer's Patches

Suspension of formalized Campylobacter jejunt (2×10 CFU/ml)was injected into a bothend-ligated intestinal loop of ileum which contained some Peyer's patches from non-immunized adult mice after laparotomy under anesthesia.After 1-hour post inoculation, the specimen was taken out and prepared for TEM and SEM observation.The results showed that bacteria adhered specifically on the surface of M cells of Peyer's patches.The microvilli and microfolds of the M cells fused to capture the bacteria and to form a large endocytotic vesicle in the cytoplasm of the M cell,then transported inward,and, at last.released into the central cavity between lymphocytes.Occasionally, we found some of them were phagocytosed by lymphocytes.

Formation and ecological response of sand patches in the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,China

The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses a threat to both stability and sustainability.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the morphology,dynamic changes,and ecological responses associated with these sand patches.Therefore,we analyzed the formation and development process of sand patches within the protection system and its effects on herbaceous vegetation growth and soil nutrients through field observation,survey,and indoor analysis methods.The results showed that sand patch development can be divided into three stages,i.e.,formation,expansion,and stabilization,which correspond to the initial,actively developing,and semi-fixed sand patches,respectively.The average dimensions of all sand patch erosional areas were found to be 7.72 m in length,3.91 m in width,and 0.32 m in depth.The actively developing sand patches were the largest,and the initial sand patches were the smallest.Throughout the stage of formation and expansion,the herbaceous community composition changed,and the plant density decreased by more than 50.95%.Moreover,the coverage and height of herbaceous plants decreased in the erosional area and slightly increased in the depositional lobe;and the fine particles and nutrients of soils in the erosional area and depositional lobe showed a decreasing trend.In the stabilization phases of sand patches,the area from the inlet to the bottom of sand patches becomes initially covered with crusts.Vegetation and 0-2 cm surface soil condition improved in the erosional area,but this improvement was not yet evident in the depositional lobe.Factors such as disturbance,climate change,and surface resistance to erosion exert notable influences on the formation and dynamics of sand patches.The results can provide evidence for the future treatment of sand patches and the management of the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway.

Do brood parasitic Common Cuckoos develop brood patches during the breeding season?

Many birds develop brood patches on their ventral apterium under hormonal regulation to effectively transmit body heat to eggs during incubation.The developed patch has several characteristics,including de-feathering,vascularization,and edema.However,little is known about whether avian brood parasites that do not incubate their eggs exhibit brood patch development during the breeding season.In this study,we measured the size of the ventral apterium in 114 Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus)captured in the field throughout the breeding season and examined the appearance of the ventral apterium to confirm the development of brood patches.We also examined whether morphological traits and various factors correlated with the size of the ventral apterium(sternal apterium and abdominal apterium)and how it changed during the breeding season.We found no clear signs of brood patch development in Common Cuckoos captured throughout the breeding season,indicating that they likely did not develop brood patches on the ventral apterium during this period.We also found that ventral apterium size was positively correlated with wing length and body weight.In addition,Common Cuckoos with newly growing feathers on the boundary of the ventral apterium with pteryla were frequently observed as seasons progressed to the end.In conclusion,Common Cuckoos exhibit neither brood patch development nor the vestigial characteristics of ancestral brood patches,except for the growth of feathers on boundary the ventral apterium.Further studies examining brood patches across different groups of avian brood parasites are valuable for enhancing our understanding of the developmental and physiological adaptations of avian brood parasites.

Unveiling the adaptation strategies of woody plants in remnant forest patches to spatiotemporal urban expansion through leaf trait networks

Background:With the expansion of urban areas,the remnants of forested areas play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity in urban environments.This study aimed to explore the impact of spatiotemporal urban expansion on the networks of leaf traits in woody plants within remnant forest patches,thereby enhancing our understanding of plant adaptive strategies and contributing to the conservation of urban biodiversity.Methods:Our study examined woody plants within 120 sample plots across 15 remnant forest patches in Guiyang,China.We constructed leaf trait networks (LTNs) based on 26 anatomical,structural,and compositional leaf traits and assessed the effects of the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban expansion on these LTNs.Results and conclusions:Our results indicate that shrubs within these patches have greater average path lengths and diameters than trees.With increasing urban expansion intensity,we observed a rise in the edge density of the LTN-shrubs.Additionally,modularity within the networks of shrubs decreased as road density and urban expansion intensity increased,and increases in the average path length and average clustering coefficient for shrubs were observed with a rise in the composite terrain complexity index.Notably,patches subjected to‘leapfrog’expansion exhibited greater average patch length and diameter than those experiencing edge growth.Stomatal traits were found to have high degree centrality within these networks,signifying their substantial contribution to multiple functions.In urban remnant forests,shrubs bolster their resilience to variable environmental pressures by augmenting the complexity of their leaf trait networks.

Deep Global Multiple-Scale and Local Patches Attention Dual-Branch Network for Pose-Invariant Facial Expression Recognition

Pose-invariant facial expression recognition(FER)is an active but challenging research topic in computer vision.Especially with the involvement of diverse observation angles,FER makes the training parameter models inconsistent from one view to another.This study develops a deep global multiple-scale and local patches attention(GMS-LPA)dual-branch network for pose-invariant FER to weaken the influence of pose variation and selfocclusion on recognition accuracy.In this research,the designed GMS-LPA network contains four main parts,i.e.,the feature extraction module,the global multiple-scale(GMS)module,the local patches attention(LPA)module,and the model-level fusion model.The feature extraction module is designed to extract and normalize texture information to the same size.The GMS model can extract deep global features with different receptive fields,releasing the sensitivity of deeper convolution layers to pose-variant and self-occlusion.The LPA module is built to force the network to focus on local salient features,which can lower the effect of pose variation and self-occlusion on recognition results.Subsequently,the extracted features are fused with a model-level strategy to improve recognition accuracy.Extensive experimentswere conducted on four public databases,and the recognition results demonstrated the feasibility and validity of the proposed methods.

Observing eddy dye patches induced by shear instabilities in the surf zone on a plane beach

The effects of surf zone eddy generated by alongshore currents on the deformation and transport of dye are still poorly understood,and related tracer release experiments are lacking.Therefore,a tracer release laboratory experiment was conducted under monochromatic,unidirectional incident waves with a large incident angle(30°)on a plane beach with a 1:100 slope in a large wave basin.A charge-coupled device suspended above the basin recorded the dye patch image.The evolution of eddy dye patch was observed and the transport and diffusion were analyzed based on the collected images.Subsequently,a linear instability numerical model was adopted to calculate the perturbation velocity field at the initial stage.The observation and image processing results show that surf zone eddy patches occurred and were separated from the original dye patches.Our numerical analysis results demonstrate that the structure of the perturbation velocity field is consistent with the experimental observations,and that the ejection of eddy patches shoreward or offshore may be ascribed to the double vortex.

利用GPS对磁暴期间极区TEC变化与极区碎片(Polar Patches)的研究

利用2004年11月6-10日磁暴发生期间南极区域内的中国中山站GPS常年跟踪站（ZHON）和国际GPS服务站（CAS1,MCM4,SYOG,MAW1）的GPS观测数据,计算了可观测卫星传播路径上的TEC和ROT值,进而依据TEC的波动频率和幅度推估出极区碎片的个数,分析了极区磁暴期间电离层响应及其极区碎片特性.最终所得TEC和ROT结果与极区地磁场Dst和Kp指数信息相吻合,如实地反映了磁暴事件和极区碎片的出现.本文所做工作在国内尚未开展,因此所用方法和结论为将来这一方向的研究提供了一定的参考.

四君子汤复方总多糖对肠黏膜Peyer's结细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨四君子汤复方总多糖对小鼠肠黏膜Peyer's结细胞凋亡的影响。方法取NIH小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、四君子汤复方总多糖(SJZPS)组和四君子汤去蛋白多糖(SJZFP)组,肉眼计数Peyer's结细胞个数和面积,流式细胞(FCM)定量分析法(Annexin V联合PI)测定Peyer's结细胞的凋亡率,免疫组化法测定Peyer's结细胞BCL-2蛋白的表达。结果模型组Peyer's结个数和面积均小于正常组,与模型组比较,SJZPS组和SJZFP组Peyer's结个数和面积,均具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);模型组Peyer's结细胞凋亡率大于正常组,与模型组比较,SJZPS组和SJZFP组Peyer's结细胞凋亡率具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);模型组Peyer's结BCL-2蛋白表达低于正常组,与模型组比较,SJZPS组和SJZFP组Peyer's结BCL-2蛋白表达具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论SJZPS和SJZFP均可抵抗肠黏膜Peyer's结细胞的凋亡,具有肠道黏膜免疫调节作用。

疝修复补片:材料设计与应用的最新进展

背景:与传统的缝合方式相比,采用补片修复腹壁缺陷的无张力疝修补手术能有效减少术后疼痛和疝气复发率,已经成为近年来治疗腹疝的首选方法。目的:归纳总结不同疝修复补片在应用过程中的优缺点。方法:以“腹壁缺损,疝气补片,疝气治疗”为中文检索词,以“abdominal wall defect,hernia patches,hernia treatment”为英文检索词,分别检索中国知网、谷歌学术和PubMed数据库,检索时限主要为2018年1月至2024年2月,同时采用少数经典的早期文献以概述疝修复补片的发展历程,通过阅读题目和摘要进行初步筛选,排除与疝修复材料相关性较低的文献,最终纳入90篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:根据制备材料的不同可以将疝修复补片分为不可吸收人工合成补片、可吸收人工合成补片、天然高分子补片和复合补片。不可吸收补片具有较高的机械强度,有益于疝气区域的组织愈合,但体内长期存在的补片可能会引发身体的免疫反应,导致炎症和疼痛。可吸收人工合成补片与天然高分子补片具有良好的组织相容性、降解性,但机械强度不稳定。复合材料补片继承了传统不可吸收补片优良的机械性能,同时通过可吸收部分的设计降低了一些并发症发生的风险。在疝修复补片的后续研究中,科研人员应重点关注如何将新技术与复合补片结合起来,形成多功能的疝修复补片。

A continued study on the bisoprolol and isosorbide dinitrate transdermal patches:cardiovascular protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The objective of the present study is to examine cardiovascular protective action of a newly developed transdermal patch by incorporating bisoprolol and isosorbide dinitrate in spontaneously hypertensive rats. As the combination therapy with these two synergistic drugs at low doses through a suitable form of administration could provide optimal therapeutic benefit, we further evaluated the effects of a 42 d period of anti-hypertensive treatment in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Rats were divided into the following five groups： control （blank patch）, bisoprolol fumarate tablets （BP-FT, 20.0 mg/kg, i.g.）, bisoprolol transdermal patch （BP-TP, 20.0 mg/kg）, isosorbide dinitrate transdermal patch （ISDN-TP, 20.0 mg/kg）, and the combination of BP and ISDN in a transdermal patch at low doses （8 and 12 mg/kg, respectively）. The effects of treatment were evaluated via biochemical indicators related to cardiovascular protection, structure and function. The combination therapy had synergistic anti-hypertensive effects and significantly reduced blood pressure with the benefit of controlling blood pressure variability compared to BP-FT and BP-TP. The combined treatment also reduced heart rate as well as BP-FT and BP-TP, while ISDN-TP had no evident effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiovascular protection. Combination therapy was superior to BP-TP and BP-FT at increasing blood atrial natriuretic peptide and nitric oxide, while also reducing cardiac hydroxyproline and endothelin-1 with no difference in blood endothelin-1 and cardiac malondialdehyde levels. Cardiovascular remodeling differed among the groups, with the combination therapy reducing cardiac hypertrophy and the aortic media/lumen ratio. The consequential improvements in relaxation in response to cumulative concentrations of acetylcholine may explain the associated improvement in endothelial function. Combi- nation treatment with a transdermal patch exhibited a synergistic therapeutic effect. Such favorable cardiovascular effects with nitric oxide donors and β-blockade combination through a transdermal patch may provide long-term cardiovascular protection during anti-hypertensive treatment.

原发性喉癌患者癌组织中miR-425-5p/PTCH1轴分子与临床病理参数及预后的关系

目的探讨原发性喉癌患者癌组织中微小核糖核酸-425-5p(miR-425-5p)/跨膜蛋白受体Patched1(PTCH1)轴分子与临床病理参数及预后的关系。方法前瞻性选取2018年7月至2021年6月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的108例原发性喉癌患者作为研究对象。比较癌组织、癌旁组织及不同病理特征癌组织miR-425-5p、PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量,采用Spearman法分析miR-425-5p、PTCH1与临床病理特征的相关性,随访3年,统计所有患者的3年生存率,比较生存与死亡患者癌组织中的miR-425-5p、而PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量,并利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线获取miR-425-5p、PTCH1最佳截断值,采用KM曲线分析miR-425-5p、PTCH1与预后的关系。结果原发性喉癌患者癌组织中的miR-425-5p相对表达量为1.81±0.48,明显高于癌旁组织的1.08±0.23,PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量为1.21±0.36,明显低于癌旁组织的1.63±0.41,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、淋巴结转移、低分化癌组织中的miR-425-5p相对表达量分别为1.97±0.46、2.09±0.42、2.14±0.46,明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移、中高分化癌组织的1.54±0.41、1.66±0.39、1.60±0.40,PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量分别为1.09±0.21、1.04±0.24、1.01±0.20,明显低于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移、中高分化癌组织的1.42±0.25、1.30±0.27、1.34±0.23,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman法分析结果显示,miR-425-5p与临床分期、淋巴结转移呈正相关(r=0.663、0.702,P<0.05),与分化程度呈负相关(r=-0.681,P<0.05),PTCH1与临床分期、淋巴结转移呈负相关(r=-0.652、-0.711,P<0.05),与分化程度呈正相关(r=0.694,P<0.05);死亡患者癌组织中的miR-425-5p相对表达量为2.23±0.46,明显高于生存患者癌组织的1.67±0.38,而PTCH1 m RNA相对表达量为0.96±0.21,明显低于生存患者癌组织的1.30±0.34,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);ROC分析结果显示,miR-425-5p、PTCH1预测死亡的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.815(95%CI:0.727~0.884)、0.792(95%CI:0.702~0.865),最佳截断值分别为2.01、1.09;KM分析结果显示,miR-425-5p高表达、PTCH1低表达患者3年生存率均低于miR-425-5p低表达、PTCH1高表达患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论miR-425-5p在原发性喉癌癌组织中表达上调,PTCH1表达下调,联合检测对预后具有一定预测价值,可作为临床评估病情、预测预后的辅助指标,以指导临床工作。

局部对比度融合重加权的红外图像小目标检测

红外图像块小目标检测算法在数据链、预警、制导等领域有较为广泛的应用,如利用数据链可以将红外图像块小目标精确传送给雷达。为了在复杂背景条件下进一步提高红外小目标检测的效果,提出了一种重加权和局部先验融合的红外图像块(IPI)小目标检测算法。首先,采用加权Schatten p范数对背景图像块进行约束;其次,引入局部对比度先验信息和加权l_(1)范数抑制非目标稀疏点,进一步增强目标图像稀疏性,使算法模型性能进一步得到提升。仿真结果表明,所提算法在抑制背景杂波和精确检测目标方面均有较好的结果,优于现有经典算法。

猪圆环病毒2型诱导小鼠Peyer's结淋巴细胞凋亡规律研究

为了用小鼠做模型探讨猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)诱导Peyer's结淋巴细胞凋亡的规律,本试验用PCV-2感染5周龄昆明系小鼠,分别在感染后第7天、第14天、第21天、第28天、第35天处死小鼠,取脾脏、腹股沟淋巴结、Peyer's结通过PCR鉴定PCV-2感染情况,同时从Peyer's结分离淋巴细胞,利用Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法流式细胞术检测Peyer's结淋巴细胞的凋亡。结果显示,攻毒小鼠在感染后第7天、第14天、第21天、第28天和第35天5组中凋亡的细胞百分比分别是0.69%±0.13%、1.72%±1.00%、3.25%±0.59%、4.72%±0.30%和9.06%±0.96%。随着感染时间的延长,PCV-2感染小鼠的Peyer's结淋巴细胞凋亡数量逐渐增加。

基于CodeBERT和Stacking集成学习的补丁正确性验证方法

近年来,自动程序修复已成为软件工程领域的重要研究课题。然而,现有的自动修复技术大多是基于补丁生成和测试的,在补丁验证环节时间成本很高。此外,由于测试套件的不完备,许多候选补丁虽然能通过测试,但实际上并不正确,从而导致补丁过拟合。为提高补丁验证的效率并缓解补丁过拟合的问题,提出了一种静态的补丁验证方法。该方法首先使用大型预训练模型CodeBERT自动提取缺陷代码片段和补丁代码片段的语义特征,然后使用历史缺陷修复补丁数据训练Stacking集成学习模型,训练之后的模型可以对新的缺陷修复补丁进行有效验证。在Defects4J缺陷数据集相关的1 000个补丁数据上对所提方法的验证能力进行评估。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地验证补丁的正确性,从而提高补丁验证的效率。

膜片钳技术10年发展:基于CiteSpace和VOSviewer的可视化分析

背景:膜片钳技术作为研究离子通道的“金标准”,已有40多年的发展历史。然而,科研机构的研究内容相对独立,没有对现有研究成果进行系统总结,导致现有研究存在重复性高、创新性弱的现象。因此,急需对膜片钳技术做一个全面的回顾,以明晰现今的研究现状、热点和未来发展方向。目的:总结近10年膜片钳技术领域的研究现状和发展趋势。方法:使用Web of Science核心合集数据库收集了2013-2023年关于膜片钳技术的出版物。采用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件对出版物数量进行量化分析,并分析文献条目网络,包括国家、机构、期刊、作者、关键词、高被引文献和共被引参考文献。结果与结论:①近10年间,膜片钳技术领域研究已逐步进入稳定发展阶段。②中国和美国是这方面的领先国家,中国科学院是具有核心影响力的机构,《Journal of Neuroscience》是主要出版刊物,PARK,WON SUN团队(韩国全北国立大学)和CHU,LI团队(中国河北省心脑血管病中医药防治研究重点实验室)在该领域作出了杰出的贡献,但团队之间的协作与交流较少,尚未形成网络合作模式。③膜片钳技术主要应用在神经系统的电生理特性及其疾病的病理机制方面,是研究人员持续关注的焦点。④在心血管系统电生理特性及其疾病病理机制的研究方面,对原代心肌细胞、诱导多能干细胞衍生的心肌细胞的电生理特性和心房颤动、心脏毒性、心源性猝死和高血压等心血管疾病的病理机制方面的研究,是近几年来研究的热点。⑤在膜片钳技术与其他生物技术的结合应用方面,关注的是与光遗传学、双光子钙成像等技术的交叉融合,将是一个重要的研究方向。⑥在药物筛选及治疗靶点的识别研究方面,尤其对于膜片钳技术和中药复方的研究,将成为未来组分中药研究中的一大助力。

STUDY ON CRACKED PLATES WITH BONDED PATCHES UNDER IN PLANE BIAXIAL LOADINGS

Based on the finite element method, a numerical investigation into the bonded repair efficiency of cracked plates under in plane biaxial loadings is presented. The main considerations are: reduction in stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip, the maximum tensile stress in the composite patch and the maximum shear stress in the adhesive bond between the patch and the plate. Without the patch, a tensile or compressive stress parallel to the crack has no effect on the SIF at the crack tip. While with a composite patch, there exists coupling effect between the normal stress parallel to the crack and the SIF, and the coupling effect depends significantly on ply orientation of the patch and the biaxial stress ratio of the plate.

基于深度学习和遗传算法的方法调用缺陷自动修复方法

为提高软件缺陷自动修复技术的修复效果,针对面向对象程序中出现概率较大的方法调用缺陷,提出一种基于深度学习和遗传算法的方法调用缺陷自动修复方法。基于深度学习构造方法调用缺陷修复模型,使用修复模型生成候选补丁并验证;若补丁无效,则基于这些候选补丁,使用改进的基于遗传算法的缺陷修复方法生成候选补丁。实验结果表明,在Defects4 J数据集上,所提方法与DEAR、TBar、SequenceR和jGenProg自动化缺陷修复工具相比,缺陷修复率和补丁正确率都有提高。