弓形虫复合粘膜疫苗滴鼻免疫小鼠诱导的Peyer's patches持续性细胞免疫应答

目的以可溶性速殖子抗原（soluble tachyzoite antigen，STAg）和霍乱毒素（choleratoxin，CT）佐剂制备的弓形虫复合粘膜疫苗滴鼻免疫小鼠，观察肠粘膜诱导部位Peyer’s patches（PP）的细胞免疫应答及持续时间，探讨其免疫机制。方法BALB／c小鼠96只，随机分为实验组和对照组，实验组以STAg（20μg／只）为抗原，CT（1／μg／只）为佐剂滴鼻免疫，对照组PBS滴鼻。滴鼻2次（间隔2周）后，每组6只小鼠分别于第1、2、3、4、6、8、10、12周处死。计数PP个数，制备PP淋巴细胞悬液，计数并涂片；免疫细胞化学法检测CD4^＋、CD8^＋T细胞亚群。结果实验期间两组小鼠PP数目均无明显变化；实验组免疫后PP淋巴细胞数量明显增生，第2周达高峰，第1、2、3周显著高于对照组（P〈0.05），其中以CD4^＋T细胞增生为主，第1周～第8周高于对照组（P〈0.01），CD8^＋T细胞第1周～第4周显著增高（P〈0.01），CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值无显著变化（P〉0．05）。结论弓形虫复合粘膜疫苗滴鼻免疫BALB／c小鼠可有效诱导肠PP部位持续性的免疫应答，从而激活肠粘膜效应部位淋巴细胞的抗弓形虫感染作用。

Endoscopic identification of Peyer's patches of the terminal ileum in a patient with Crohn's disease

We presented a 20-year-old patient with Crohn's disease (CD). Colonoscopy revealed longitudinal ulceratlon in the terminal ileum and rectal aphtoid ulcers, After treatment with mesalamine and total parenteral nutrition, repeat colonoscopy revealed a granular elevated area in the terminal ileum, which appeared as an irregular dome-like elevation with irregularly arranged vill on magnifying endoscopy. Biopsy specimens taken from the region showed microgranulomas and lymphoid hyperplasia, Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of M cells, conthming that the area corresponded to Peyer's patches. Peyer's patches by magnifying endoscopy and electron microscopy may provide insights into the pathogenesis oF CD.

Formation and ecological response of sand patches in the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,China

The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation.Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway,the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses a threat to both stability and sustainability.However,there is limited knowledge regarding the morphology,dynamic changes,and ecological responses associated with these sand patches.Therefore,we analyzed the formation and development process of sand patches within the protection system and its effects on herbaceous vegetation growth and soil nutrients through field observation,survey,and indoor analysis methods.The results showed that sand patch development can be divided into three stages,i.e.,formation,expansion,and stabilization,which correspond to the initial,actively developing,and semi-fixed sand patches,respectively.The average dimensions of all sand patch erosional areas were found to be 7.72 m in length,3.91 m in width,and 0.32 m in depth.The actively developing sand patches were the largest,and the initial sand patches were the smallest.Throughout the stage of formation and expansion,the herbaceous community composition changed,and the plant density decreased by more than 50.95%.Moreover,the coverage and height of herbaceous plants decreased in the erosional area and slightly increased in the depositional lobe;and the fine particles and nutrients of soils in the erosional area and depositional lobe showed a decreasing trend.In the stabilization phases of sand patches,the area from the inlet to the bottom of sand patches becomes initially covered with crusts.Vegetation and 0-2 cm surface soil condition improved in the erosional area,but this improvement was not yet evident in the depositional lobe.Factors such as disturbance,climate change,and surface resistance to erosion exert notable influences on the formation and dynamics of sand patches.The results can provide evidence for the future treatment of sand patches and the management of the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway.

Unveiling the adaptation strategies of woody plants in remnant forest patches to spatiotemporal urban expansion through leaf trait networks

Background:With the expansion of urban areas,the remnants of forested areas play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity in urban environments.This study aimed to explore the impact of spatiotemporal urban expansion on the networks of leaf traits in woody plants within remnant forest patches,thereby enhancing our understanding of plant adaptive strategies and contributing to the conservation of urban biodiversity.Methods:Our study examined woody plants within 120 sample plots across 15 remnant forest patches in Guiyang,China.We constructed leaf trait networks (LTNs) based on 26 anatomical,structural,and compositional leaf traits and assessed the effects of the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban expansion on these LTNs.Results and conclusions:Our results indicate that shrubs within these patches have greater average path lengths and diameters than trees.With increasing urban expansion intensity,we observed a rise in the edge density of the LTN-shrubs.Additionally,modularity within the networks of shrubs decreased as road density and urban expansion intensity increased,and increases in the average path length and average clustering coefficient for shrubs were observed with a rise in the composite terrain complexity index.Notably,patches subjected to‘leapfrog’expansion exhibited greater average patch length and diameter than those experiencing edge growth.Stomatal traits were found to have high degree centrality within these networks,signifying their substantial contribution to multiple functions.In urban remnant forests,shrubs bolster their resilience to variable environmental pressures by augmenting the complexity of their leaf trait networks.

Deep Global Multiple-Scale and Local Patches Attention Dual-Branch Network for Pose-Invariant Facial Expression Recognition

Pose-invariant facial expression recognition(FER)is an active but challenging research topic in computer vision.Especially with the involvement of diverse observation angles,FER makes the training parameter models inconsistent from one view to another.This study develops a deep global multiple-scale and local patches attention(GMS-LPA)dual-branch network for pose-invariant FER to weaken the influence of pose variation and selfocclusion on recognition accuracy.In this research,the designed GMS-LPA network contains four main parts,i.e.,the feature extraction module,the global multiple-scale(GMS)module,the local patches attention(LPA)module,and the model-level fusion model.The feature extraction module is designed to extract and normalize texture information to the same size.The GMS model can extract deep global features with different receptive fields,releasing the sensitivity of deeper convolution layers to pose-variant and self-occlusion.The LPA module is built to force the network to focus on local salient features,which can lower the effect of pose variation and self-occlusion on recognition results.Subsequently,the extracted features are fused with a model-level strategy to improve recognition accuracy.Extensive experimentswere conducted on four public databases,and the recognition results demonstrated the feasibility and validity of the proposed methods.

Observing eddy dye patches induced by shear instabilities in the surf zone on a plane beach

The effects of surf zone eddy generated by alongshore currents on the deformation and transport of dye are still poorly understood,and related tracer release experiments are lacking.Therefore,a tracer release laboratory experiment was conducted under monochromatic,unidirectional incident waves with a large incident angle(30°)on a plane beach with a 1:100 slope in a large wave basin.A charge-coupled device suspended above the basin recorded the dye patch image.The evolution of eddy dye patch was observed and the transport and diffusion were analyzed based on the collected images.Subsequently,a linear instability numerical model was adopted to calculate the perturbation velocity field at the initial stage.The observation and image processing results show that surf zone eddy patches occurred and were separated from the original dye patches.Our numerical analysis results demonstrate that the structure of the perturbation velocity field is consistent with the experimental observations,and that the ejection of eddy patches shoreward or offshore may be ascribed to the double vortex.

家兔派尹尔氏(Peyer's Patches)淋巴集结圆顶上皮内微褶细胞的来源与分化

对不同发育时期家兔Peyer's Patches圆顶的显微和亚显微结构系统观察表明,圆顶上皮内的微褶细胞来源于中胚层,而不是由未分化的肠上皮细胞分化而来,可能同巨噬细胞是同一组细胞系来源。

一种基于图像patches分割的自监督生成对抗模型

近年来,通过将基于角度旋转的自监督模型引入到生成对抗网络中,一定程度上缓解了生成对抗模型稳定性不足与模式坍塌问题。但是,这种自监督模型基于全局信息对比,缺乏局部相关性,模型特征提取能力不足,导致生成图片的全局相似度较高而像素精度不足。因此,提出一种新型自监督生成对抗模型,将图像块(patches)引入到传统的角度旋转自监督模型中,通过对图像进行分块,将局部图像与整体图像作为输入,在旋转角度判别器的基础上新增位置判别器,在提高模型全局相似性的同时,增强了局部特征相关性。在CIFAR-10与STL-10数据集上进行测试,实验结果表明,基于图像patches分割的自监督生成模型比角度旋转自监督模型的效果更好。

An Ultrastructural Study of Phagocytosis and Transport of Formalized Campylobacter jejuni By M Cells into Mouse Peyer's Patches

Suspension of formalized Campylobacter jejunt (2×10 CFU/ml)was injected into a bothend-ligated intestinal loop of ileum which contained some Peyer's patches from non-immunized adult mice after laparotomy under anesthesia.After 1-hour post inoculation, the specimen was taken out and prepared for TEM and SEM observation.The results showed that bacteria adhered specifically on the surface of M cells of Peyer's patches.The microvilli and microfolds of the M cells fused to capture the bacteria and to form a large endocytotic vesicle in the cytoplasm of the M cell,then transported inward,and, at last.released into the central cavity between lymphocytes.Occasionally, we found some of them were phagocytosed by lymphocytes.

Divergent responses of Picea crassifolia Kom.in different forest patches to climate change in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Global climate changes have significantly affected tree growth and forest structures and functions in some arid and semi-arid regions,which are becoming warmer and wetter.Due to natural factors such as climate and terrain,some tree species may form different forest patches at the edges of their distribution areas.However,how forest patches of various sizes respond to climate change is unclear.In this study,we collected 203 tree cores from six different sizes of forest patches at the edge of the distribution area of Picea crassifolia Kom.in the northeast Tibetan Plateau.And we used the dendrochronology method to study the response of tree growth and resilience in different forest patches to climate change from 1961 to 2020.We simultaneously measured the contents of nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC),total nitrogen and total phosphorus of tree needles.Our results showed that the growth of trees in small-and medium-size forest patches(0.8–18.6 ha)has increased significantly.The early growing season(May–July)minimum temperature was the most important climate factor driving the growth of small-and medium-sized patch trees.The early growing season maximum temperature was the most important climate factor that inhibited the growth of trees in the largest patches(362.8 ha).The growth of individual trees in medium forest patches was better and the correlation with annual minimum temperature,maximum temperature,precipitation,actual evapotranspiration,and palmer drought severity index was stronger.The higher NSC content,stronger photosynthesis,and higher nitrogen utilization efficiency in leaves might be one of the reasons for the better growth of trees in moderate forest patches.In extreme drought years,as the forest patch area increased,the overall trend of tree growth resistance showed a unimodal pattern,with the highest at a forest patch area of 7.1 ha,while the overall trend of tree growth recovery was opposite.Therefore,we should strengthen the management of trees in large forest patches to cope with climate change.

Epidural Blood Patches Performed with Miethke Sensor Reservoir for Continuous Intracranial Pressure Monitoring

An epidural blood patch (EBP) is a procedure performed by injecting autologous blood into a patient’s epidural space, usually at the site of a suspected CSF leak. It is typically performed in patients with characteristic postural headaches due to low intracranial pressure. We report a case of a young female with an implanted Miethke Sensor Reservoir, which was used for continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring during a two-level epidural blood patch. ICP increased only with thoracic injection, suggesting thoracic EBP may have greater efficacy than lumbar EBP in treating SIH and PDPH when the site of CSF leak is unknown.

放牧对荒漠草原主要植物微斑块物种组成与更替的影响

为探讨不同植物斑块物种组成对放牧的响应规律,本研究以不同载畜率下短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)荒漠草原:冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)、无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)和银灰旋花(Convolvulus ammannii)种群微斑块为研究对象,在斑块不同位置进行群落调查,分析斑块群落物种组成、更替和多样性的变化特征。结果表明:经过12年放牧,冷蒿斑块的物种相似性随载畜率增加显著降低(P<0.05);无芒隐子草斑块和银灰旋花斑块Margelef和Shannon-Wiener指数随载畜率的增加显著降低(P<0.05);银灰旋花斑块Margelef,Shannon-Wiener和Pielou指数在斑块区显著低于过渡区和外部区(P<0.05)。放牧使无芒隐子草和银灰旋花与周围环境物种交换增多,无芒隐子草在斑块中占主导地位,而银灰旋花由于生物量和多样性的显著降低在群落中处于劣势;冷蒿斑块随载畜率增加生物量急剧减少,不同位置间的物种更替增强。本研究可为放牧利用下荒漠草原的可持续利用提供参考。

93例女性玫瑰痤疮患者化妆品斑贴试验结果分析

目的:检测女性玫瑰痤疮患者化妆品接触性过敏原情况。方法:对2018年1月—2021年12月在我院皮肤科就诊的93例女性玫瑰痤疮患者进行化妆品变应原斑贴试验。结果:93例患者中有68例(73.12%)呈阳性反应,其中阳性率排前4位的变应原种类分别是金属盐类(41例)、表面活性剂类(37例)、防腐剂类(30例)和芳香剂类(24例),阳性率排前9位的具体变应原成分分别是氯化镍(36例)、氯化钴(23例)、十二烷基硫酸钠(16例)、戊基肉桂醇(14例)、烷基醇聚氧乙烯醚(12例)、硫酸镍(12例)、硫柳汞(11例)、硫酸钠(11例)和橡苔浸膏(10例)。结论:化妆品接触性过敏原可能与玫瑰痤疮的发病和复发有关,金属盐类、表面活性剂类、防腐剂类和芳香剂类是最常见的化妆品变应原种类。

加载超表面的宽带低剖面双极化交叉偶极子天线

该文提出了一种加载超表面(MetaSurface,MS)的宽带低剖面双极化交叉偶极子天线.天线由三部分结构组成:1对交叉偶极子、4个寄生贴片和超表面结构.交叉偶极子用于实现天线的双极化特性.通过在交叉偶极子上方加载寄生贴片和在偶极子臂处开槽,扩展了天线的阻抗带宽.同时将交叉偶极子下方的金属反射板替换为超表面,实现了天线的低剖面.为了提高馈电端口间的隔离度,引入了4个金属短路柱.仿真和测试结果表明,天线|S_(11)|<-10 dB的阻抗带宽为42.5%(2.26~3.48 GHz),在带宽范围内端口隔离度和交叉极化分别大于21 dB和小于-31 dB,天线的整体尺寸只有0.5λ_(0)×0.5λ_(0)×0.074λ_(0)(λ_(0)为工作频率2.9 GHz时对应的自由空间的波长).

植物地下觅养性状对土壤富磷斑块塑性响应的研究进展

磷是影响植物生长的关键养分元素之一,地下细根觅养塑性是植物提高土壤磷吸收的重要方式。在自然环境条件下,土壤养分具有异质性或斑块状分布特点,特别是相对固定的养分(如磷)。植物如何调整地下觅养性状对养分斑块的塑性响应尚不清楚,特定细根性状预测地下觅养性状塑性响应更具有较大不确定性。本研究总结植物地下觅养塑性的影响因素,阐述细根(形态、构型、增殖、化学、生理)和菌根真菌性状对富磷斑块的塑性响应,从真菌侵染方式、根系形态结构、养分获取策略等方面分析地下觅养性状及其塑性响应在丛枝菌根和外生菌根树种间的差异。基于地下觅养的碳成本假设,指出细根形态塑性和生理塑性在许多情况下是资源竞争的结果。真菌菌丝的增殖塑性更能提高植物养分获取效率,但当根系和菌根真菌均存在于养分斑块时,根系增殖比真菌反应更敏感。本研究还探讨细根性状对地下觅养塑性的预测,指出细根直径是地下觅养性状变化的重要预测指标。围绕当前植物地下觅养塑性研究存在的不足,从地下觅养塑性框架、地下觅养机制、细根性状对植物养分获取塑性的预测、细根觅养塑性与防御塑性之间的关系等方面提出今后的研究方向,深入理解植物地下磷养分获取策略及其对环境变化的适应机制。

基于引导扩散模型的自然对抗补丁生成方法

近年来,物理世界中的对抗补丁攻击因其对深度学习模型安全的影响而引起了广泛关注.现有的工作主要集中在生成在物理世界中攻击性能良好的对抗补丁,没有考虑到对抗补丁图案与自然图像的差别,因此生成的对抗补丁往往不自然且容易被观察者发现.为了解决这个问题,本文提出了一种基于引导的扩散模型的自然对抗补丁生成方法.具体而言,本文通过解析目标检测器的输出构建预测对抗补丁攻击成功率的预测器,利用该预测器的梯度作为条件引导预训练的扩散模型的逆扩散过程,从而生成自然度更高且保持高攻击成功率的对抗补丁.本文在数字世界和物理世界中进行了广泛的实验,评估了对抗补丁针对各种目标检测模型的攻击效果以及对抗补丁的自然度.实验结果表明,通过将所构建的攻击成功率预测器与扩散模型相结合,本文的方法能够生成比现有方案更自然的对抗补丁,同时保持攻击性能.

马钱子碱抑制豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流的作用研究

目的本研究旨在分析马钱子碱(brucine)对分离的单个豚鼠心室肌细胞钠电流(INa+)的作用,并探索其抗心律失常的可能机制。方法共选取24只健康的成年豚鼠作为实验对象,雌雄不拘,随机分为4组,每组6只:第1组是未接受任何处理的对照组,之后通过微量加样器使培养皿中brucine药物的终浓度分别达到3μmol/L、10μmol/L、30μmol/L。采用急性酶解法分离获得单个豚鼠心室肌细胞,通过全细胞膜片钳技术测量离子通道电流,以检测不同浓度的brucine对豚鼠心室肌细胞INa+的影响。结果正常的对照组没有明显的INa+电流峰值的变化,而brucine 3μmol/L组给药前后基本不影响INa+电流峰值,当brucine的浓度增加到10μmol/L时,给药前后INa+电流峰值显著下降(P<0.05),在30μmol/L组给药前后INa+电流峰值大幅度减少(P<0.01),并且这种抑制作用呈浓度依赖性。正常对照组及brucine 3μmol/L剂量组中,电流-电压曲线(Ⅰ~Ⅴ曲线)并未受到显著的影响;然而,10μmol/L、30μmol/L剂量组与对照组比较,INa+的Ⅰ~Ⅴ曲线上移,无平行移动,且曲线形状不变。结论Brucine能够通过抑制心室肌细胞钠通道电流发挥抗心律失常作用。

外周血AGGF1与冠状动脉狭窄的关系

目的探讨G补缀FHA域血管生成因子1(AGGF1)与冠状动脉狭窄的关系。方法选取2011年6月—2015年11月中国医学科学院北京协和医学院泰达国际心血管病医院冠状动脉狭窄患者116例。根据冠状动脉造影检查的结果,将116例患者分为病例组(狭窄>50%,82例)和对照组(狭窄≤50%,34例)。采用非条件多因素逐步Logistic回归分析、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分别评价冠状动脉狭窄>50%的危险因素和AGGF1联合高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断效能。对34例对照患者进行随访,评价AGGF1对发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的预测价值。结果病例组AGGF1水平显著低于对照组(P<0.001)。AGGF1下降是发生冠状动脉狭窄>50%的危险因素[比值比(OR)值为0.536,95%可信区间(CI)为0.368~0.782]。AGGF1联合HDL-C、LDL-C诊断冠状动脉狭窄的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.815。对照组随访期间高AGGF1患者无MACE发生,低AGGF1患者有6例发生MACE。结论外周血AGGF1下降是冠状动脉狭窄>50%的危险因素,AGGF1联合HDL-C、LDL-C对冠状动脉狭窄具有较高的诊断效能,AGGF1降低对冠状动脉狭窄≤50%远期发生MACE或有一定的预测价值。

黄帚橐吾不同密度斑块植物、土壤和微生物碳氮磷生态化学计量特征

植物-土壤作为构成生态系统养分循环的连续体,在某种程度上决定了草地生态系统的养分平衡和系统稳定性。碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)是生态系统中三种主要的营养元素,它们参与了生态系统的养分循环,在生态系统结构功能维持中起着基础性作用,且生态系统内部的C、N、P循环在植物、土壤和微生物之间相互转换。为了探究黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)在扩散过程中对草地生态系统养分循环的影响,以黄帚橐吾微斑块为研究对象,根据斑块密度界定6个密度梯度,分别为D0(0株/m~2)、D1(43株/m~2)、D2(99株/m~2)、D3(163株/m~2)、D4(332株/m~2)和D5(621株/m~2),分析了不同密度斑块的草地植物、土壤和土壤微生物生物量C、N、P含量及其生态化学计量的变化情况。结果表明,随着黄帚橐吾密度的增大,草地植物群落的C含量呈增加趋势,植物N含量略微上升后显著下降,且当黄帚橐吾密度≥160株/m~2时,植物N含量显著降低,植物P含量呈先降低后升高的趋势,C∶N比呈逐渐上升趋势,C∶P比呈先上升后降低趋势,N∶P比呈先上升后降低趋势;土壤C、N、P含量均呈先增加后降低趋势,其中C含量在D2达到最大值,N含量为D1—D4高于D0和D5,但各斑块差异不显著,P含量为D3显著高于其余斑块,C∶N在D5达到最大值,C∶P在D2达到最大值,土壤N∶P呈略微降低后又有所增加,土壤养分主要受N限制;MBC随着黄帚橐吾密度的增加有降低趋势,而MBN和MBP变化均表现为“N”字型,MBN∶MBP呈先增加后降低趋势。通过相关性分析和RDA分析得到,黄帚橐吾密度与植物C、N、MBN以及MBP显著相关,植物C含量和土壤C含量与MBN呈显著正相关,土壤养分与微生物量的关系更为密切。

超协调元

该文提出一类超协调的单元理论。不同于在普通协调元中采用的线位移协调插值格式,超协调元的单元插值函数首先引入转角自由度等线位移导数的高阶协调假设,并通过积分推导,进而获得超协调的线位移模型。基于超协调元理论,该文构造了一类新型的三结点三角形平板壳元SCT。数值算例表明:与其他类型单元相比,基于超协调元理论的单元具有计算精度高和计算效率好的优势。该文所提出单元理论构造简单,超协调元理论可以成为构造高性能数值算法的一种新的通用理论。