Using China’s regional input–output table,the paper constructs indicators of manufacturing servitization,matches manufacturing servitization at the regional level with city data,and uses spatial econometrics to empi...Using China’s regional input–output table,the paper constructs indicators of manufacturing servitization,matches manufacturing servitization at the regional level with city data,and uses spatial econometrics to empirically analyze the impact of manufacturing servitization on urban sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions within the classical Environmental Kuznets Curve(EKC)framework.The results show that manufacturing servitization can reduce SO_(2) emissions.Producer servitization and consumptive services can both significantly reduce industrial SO_(2) emissions.Transportation and warehousing servitization,information servitization,leasing,and commercial servitization,technology research and development servitization significantly reduce SO_(2) emissions;technology research and development servitization,in particular,have the largest influence coefficient,while the reduction effect of servitization in the wholesale and retail and finance sectors is not significant.The study also found that servitization reduced the SO_(2) emissions through technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading.展开更多
This paper investigates the effect and transmission mechanism of air pollution on urbanization based on data from China’s 107 cities during 2005–2018.In order to identify the impact of air pollution on China’s urba...This paper investigates the effect and transmission mechanism of air pollution on urbanization based on data from China’s 107 cities during 2005–2018.In order to identify the impact of air pollution on China’s urbanization,we utilized night light data to represent the level of urbanization and used temperature inversion as an instrumental variable to mitigate endogeneity within the two-stage least squares framework.The results suggest that air pollution significantly slowed China’s urbanization process with economic growth acting as the transmission mechanism.The heterogeneity analyses revealed that air pollution had a greater negative impact on urbanization in northern regions than that in southern regions,and a greater negative impact in resource-oriented cities than that in non-resource-based cities.We also find that air pollution was to the detriment of urbanization in larger cities,which have more than 3 million residents,while it did not have a significant impact on Type II large cities,which have fewer than 3 million residents.展开更多
To feed an increasing population, large amounts of chemical nitrogen fertilizer have been used to produce much of our food, feed and fiber thereby increasing nitrogen levels in soils, natural waters, crop residues, li...To feed an increasing population, large amounts of chemical nitrogen fertilizer have been used to produce much of our food, feed and fiber thereby increasing nitrogen levels in soils, natural waters, crop residues, livestock wastes,and municipal and agricultural wastes, with national and international concern about its potential adverse effects on environmental quality and public health. To understand these phenomena and problems, first the nitrogen cycle and the environment are described. Then recent trends for nitrogen cycling through the food and feed system, N2O emissions from fertilized upland and paddy soils, and NO-3 pollution in ground water in Japan are reported. Finally, mitigation strategies in Japan for reducing N2O emission and NO-3 pollution are proposed, including nitrification inhibitors, controlled release fertilizers, utilization of plant species that could suppress nitrification, utilizing the toposequence, government policy, and appropriate agricultural practices. Of all the technologies presented, use of nitrification inhibitors and controlled release fertilizers are deemed the most important with further development of these aspects of technologies being expected. These practices, if employed worldwide, could help reduce the load, or environmental deterioration, on the Earth's biosphere.展开更多
Objective In recent years,many studies have reported that air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The aim of this systematic review and meta・analysis is to summarize the evidence about the as...Objective In recent years,many studies have reported that air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The aim of this systematic review and meta・analysis is to summarize the evidence about the association between exposure to air pollution andT2DM in developing countries.Methods The databases,including PubMed,EMBASE and Web of Science,were systematically searched for studies published up to 31 March 2022.Studies about the association between air pollution andT2DM prevalence or incidence in developing countries were included.The odds ratio(OR)was used as effect estimate.We synthesized the included studies in the meta-analysis.Results We included 8 cross-sectional studies and 8 cohort studies,all conducted in developing countries.Meta-analysis of 8 studies on PM_(2.5)(particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter)showed that T2DM prevalence was significantly associated with PM_(2.5)exposure(OR=1.12;95%CI:1.07,1.17;P<0.001).The association between air pollutants andT2DM incidence was not estimated due to the limited relevant studies.Conclusions The exposure to PM_(2.5)would be positively associated with an increased prevalence of T2DM in developing countries.Some effective measures should be taken to reduce air pollutant exposure in people who are vulnerable to diabetes.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the correlation between Cr6+ and Mn2+ adsorption in rock-soil medium with combined pollution. [Method] Combining single Cr6+ and Mn2+ adsorption test with combined pollution test, the ...[Objective] The aim was to study the correlation between Cr6+ and Mn2+ adsorption in rock-soil medium with combined pollution. [Method] Combining single Cr6+ and Mn2+ adsorption test with combined pollution test, the adsorption laws of Cr6+ and Mn2+ were studied, and the correlation between Cr6+ and Mn2+ adsorption was analysed by using correlation analysis and regression analysis. [Result] According to the comparative analysis on adsorption tests, the adsorption time, adsorption amount and adsorption speed of Cr6+ and Mn2+ were obviously distinct in single adsorption test and combined adsorption test. Correlation analysis revealed that there was a significantly positive correlation between Cr6+ and Mn2+, and there existed addition effects between Cr6+ and Mn2+ in regression analysis, that is, the adsorption of Cr6+ by the soil tested would be enhanced by Mn2+. [Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for environmental control and environmental management.展开更多
Effects of SO2 pollution on growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were investigated by rearing the larvae for 12 days on the wheat plants being exposed to SO2 levels ranged from 50 to 200 ppb in the field open-t...Effects of SO2 pollution on growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were investigated by rearing the larvae for 12 days on the wheat plants being exposed to SO2 levels ranged from 50 to 200 ppb in the field open-top fumigation devices. Larval period shortened while their mean relative growth rate (MRGR) increased as SO2 dose elevated. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet excluded the possibility that SO2 pollution directly stimulated growth of the army worm.The patterns of change in amino acid hydrolysates in the host foliage suggested that contents of methionine, and perhaps, arginine in food material exposed to unpolluted air were at such levels that they could only support sub-optimum growth of the insect, and SO2 pollution increased concentrations of these limiting amino acids, resulting in better performance of the larvae.展开更多
基金funded by the National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant No.23CGJ011 and Grant No.22BGJ029]National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.72263015]Science and Technology Youth Project of the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education[Grant No.GJJ200530].
文摘Using China’s regional input–output table,the paper constructs indicators of manufacturing servitization,matches manufacturing servitization at the regional level with city data,and uses spatial econometrics to empirically analyze the impact of manufacturing servitization on urban sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions within the classical Environmental Kuznets Curve(EKC)framework.The results show that manufacturing servitization can reduce SO_(2) emissions.Producer servitization and consumptive services can both significantly reduce industrial SO_(2) emissions.Transportation and warehousing servitization,information servitization,leasing,and commercial servitization,technology research and development servitization significantly reduce SO_(2) emissions;technology research and development servitization,in particular,have the largest influence coefficient,while the reduction effect of servitization in the wholesale and retail and finance sectors is not significant.The study also found that servitization reduced the SO_(2) emissions through technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading.
基金supported by Preliminary Funding Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education[Grant No.22ZD100].
文摘This paper investigates the effect and transmission mechanism of air pollution on urbanization based on data from China’s 107 cities during 2005–2018.In order to identify the impact of air pollution on China’s urbanization,we utilized night light data to represent the level of urbanization and used temperature inversion as an instrumental variable to mitigate endogeneity within the two-stage least squares framework.The results suggest that air pollution significantly slowed China’s urbanization process with economic growth acting as the transmission mechanism.The heterogeneity analyses revealed that air pollution had a greater negative impact on urbanization in northern regions than that in southern regions,and a greater negative impact in resource-oriented cities than that in non-resource-based cities.We also find that air pollution was to the detriment of urbanization in larger cities,which have more than 3 million residents,while it did not have a significant impact on Type II large cities,which have fewer than 3 million residents.
基金Project supported by the Canadian International Development Agency, Canada and the Chinese Academy of Scicences, China (No. KZCX2-413)
文摘To feed an increasing population, large amounts of chemical nitrogen fertilizer have been used to produce much of our food, feed and fiber thereby increasing nitrogen levels in soils, natural waters, crop residues, livestock wastes,and municipal and agricultural wastes, with national and international concern about its potential adverse effects on environmental quality and public health. To understand these phenomena and problems, first the nitrogen cycle and the environment are described. Then recent trends for nitrogen cycling through the food and feed system, N2O emissions from fertilized upland and paddy soils, and NO-3 pollution in ground water in Japan are reported. Finally, mitigation strategies in Japan for reducing N2O emission and NO-3 pollution are proposed, including nitrification inhibitors, controlled release fertilizers, utilization of plant species that could suppress nitrification, utilizing the toposequence, government policy, and appropriate agricultural practices. Of all the technologies presented, use of nitrification inhibitors and controlled release fertilizers are deemed the most important with further development of these aspects of technologies being expected. These practices, if employed worldwide, could help reduce the load, or environmental deterioration, on the Earth's biosphere.
文摘Objective In recent years,many studies have reported that air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The aim of this systematic review and meta・analysis is to summarize the evidence about the association between exposure to air pollution andT2DM in developing countries.Methods The databases,including PubMed,EMBASE and Web of Science,were systematically searched for studies published up to 31 March 2022.Studies about the association between air pollution andT2DM prevalence or incidence in developing countries were included.The odds ratio(OR)was used as effect estimate.We synthesized the included studies in the meta-analysis.Results We included 8 cross-sectional studies and 8 cohort studies,all conducted in developing countries.Meta-analysis of 8 studies on PM_(2.5)(particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter)showed that T2DM prevalence was significantly associated with PM_(2.5)exposure(OR=1.12;95%CI:1.07,1.17;P<0.001).The association between air pollutants andT2DM incidence was not estimated due to the limited relevant studies.Conclusions The exposure to PM_(2.5)would be positively associated with an increased prevalence of T2DM in developing countries.Some effective measures should be taken to reduce air pollutant exposure in people who are vulnerable to diabetes.
基金Supported by Hydrogeologic Investigation and Karst Water Exploitation Demonstration of Major Karst Basin in Guangxi,China (200710)Project of China Geological Survey (1212010634803)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the correlation between Cr6+ and Mn2+ adsorption in rock-soil medium with combined pollution. [Method] Combining single Cr6+ and Mn2+ adsorption test with combined pollution test, the adsorption laws of Cr6+ and Mn2+ were studied, and the correlation between Cr6+ and Mn2+ adsorption was analysed by using correlation analysis and regression analysis. [Result] According to the comparative analysis on adsorption tests, the adsorption time, adsorption amount and adsorption speed of Cr6+ and Mn2+ were obviously distinct in single adsorption test and combined adsorption test. Correlation analysis revealed that there was a significantly positive correlation between Cr6+ and Mn2+, and there existed addition effects between Cr6+ and Mn2+ in regression analysis, that is, the adsorption of Cr6+ by the soil tested would be enhanced by Mn2+. [Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for environmental control and environmental management.
文摘Effects of SO2 pollution on growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were investigated by rearing the larvae for 12 days on the wheat plants being exposed to SO2 levels ranged from 50 to 200 ppb in the field open-top fumigation devices. Larval period shortened while their mean relative growth rate (MRGR) increased as SO2 dose elevated. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet excluded the possibility that SO2 pollution directly stimulated growth of the army worm.The patterns of change in amino acid hydrolysates in the host foliage suggested that contents of methionine, and perhaps, arginine in food material exposed to unpolluted air were at such levels that they could only support sub-optimum growth of the insect, and SO2 pollution increased concentrations of these limiting amino acids, resulting in better performance of the larvae.
