Property theory of Chinese materia medica: Clinical pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicine

The property theory of Chinese materia medica is one of the foundations of traditional Chinese medicine.The property of Chinese materia medica(PCMM)is a multi-dimensional expression of the effect of Chinese materia medica(CMM),and it is related to the clinical prescription that fully reflects the clinical effect evaluation of CMM in a holistic,systematic,and scientific way.This paper discusses the source,development,and application of the PCMM by considering not only the five dimensions that constitute the PCMM but also the recognition of the human body and disease as given in traditional Chinese medicine.This paper aims to provide theoretical guidance for the rational use and development of CMM.

Effect of Different Kinds of Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Medicago sative Linn. Seedlings under the Stress of Na_2CO_3

[Objective] The study aimed to explore the influences of Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria（PGPR）on salt tolerance and physiological effect of seedlings of Medicago sative L.[Method] Three different kinds of growth-promoting rhizobacteria solutions were used to spray on M.sative seedlings and the influences of different kinds of growth-promoting rhizobacteria on physiological and biochemical characteristics of M.sative seedlings under 75 mmol/L of Na2CO3 were studied.[Results] Compared with the control group,the chlorophyll,free proline,soluble sugar and soluble protein content of M.sative seedlings treated with different kinds of growth-promoting rhizobacteria were increased,while the effect of CS3 treatment was the best.[Conclusion] The growth-promoting rhizobacteria could promote growth and development of M.sative as well as increased its resistance.

Physiological Effect and Quality Influences of Hedyotis diffusae Extract on Tobacco Infected by TMV

The extract from Hedyotis diffusae was used to treat tobacco plants infected by TMV before and after incidence. The effect of the changes of some physiological and biochemical indices related with the virus-resistance in tobacco leaves on tobacco quality ware determined. The resuits showed that H. diffusae extract could remarkably increase the total phenol content in tobacco leaves ,strength the activity of phenylalanine ammonialyase （ PAL） , improve the membrane permeability and tobacco quality. Prevention treatment was better than therapy treatment. In conclusion, H. diffusae extract could induce plants to produce disease resistance and strength tha antiviral capability of tobacco against TMV.

Seasonal effect on physiological, reproductive and fertility profiles in breeding mithun bulls

Objective:To analyse the seasonal effect on physiological parameters, reproductive profiles andin vitro fertility in breeding mithun bulls.Methods: A total of ten adult mithun bulls age of 5 to 6 years old with good body condition (score 5-6) were selected from ICAR-NRC on Mithun, Jharnapani, Nagaland, India. The seasons were categorised into winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons based on the meteorological data and sunshine hours. The physiological parameters, reproductive profiles andin vitro fertility parameters were assessed during different seasons in mithun under the semi-intensive system of management.Results:The statistical analysis revealed that these experimental parameters were differed significantly (P<0.05) among the seasons and in overall spring and winter seasons were more beneficial in mithun breeding programme, although, the breeding in mithun occurred throughout the year with variation.Conclusions:It is concluded that collection & preservation of mithun semen and artificial insemination in mithun species during the season of spring and winter has significant beneficial effect in terms of semen production, freezability and fertility for artificial breeding programme in mithun under the semi-intensive system.

Physiological Effect of New FA Antitranspirant Application on Maize

The field trial was conducted to study physiological effect of new FA antitranspirant on maize. The new FA antitranspirant was sprayed at 10 d pre-tasseling, ear filling stage and 10 d pre-tasseling + ear filling stage, with the concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ml L-1. The results indicated that the application of new FA antitranspirant increased nitrate reductase activity(NRA), free proline content, chlorophyll content and water content of leaf, thus drought stress can be mitigated. The new FA antitranspirant increased photosynthesis rate and reduced transpiration rate, stimulated growth and reduced water loss. 10 d pre-tasseling + ear filling stage application had a cumulative effect on the indices compared with 10 d pre-tasseling and ear filling stage, except for NRA. The new FA antitranspirant caused an increase of grain yield by 5.37 to 29. 58% with different treatments. The optimal concentration is 1. 5 ml L-1, i. e. 75 g new FA antitranspirant dissolved in 50 kg water, and the optimal apply period is 10 d pre-tasseling + ear filling stage.

Effect of Low Concentration of Yttrium on Physiological Characteristics of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.)

There is no doubt that rare earth elements stand an important position among the essential elements of plant growth and it is long time since they are first used as plant growth promoters. Given their effects on microstructure, most reports are focused on the toxicology rather than promotion. Using cucumis sativus L. (Jin Chun No.5) as experiment material, we try to find out the nutritional effects of low Y3+ concentrations on cucumber seedlings′ leaves. The present paper suggests that the rare earth elements act as micronutrients at low concentrations while they give rise to toxicity at high concentration. Benefits defeat toxicity with concentration ranging from 5 to 25 μmol·L-1. Through careful study, at the Y(NO3)3 concentration of 10 μmol·L-1 the content of chlorophyll as well as the activities of SOD, Cu-Zn SOD and the POD are the highest. It indicates 10 μmol·L-1 is the optimum concentration of yttrium for promoting the cucumber growth.

Physiological Effect of New FA Antitranspirant Application on Winter Wheat at Ear Filling Stage

The physiological effect of new FA antitranspirant on winter wheat was studied by field trial. The new FA antitranspirant was sprayed at ear filling stage, using the following concentrations： 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mL L^-1. The results indicated that new FA antitranspirant increased nitrate reductase activity （NRA）, free proline content, chlorophyll content and water content of leaf, thus drought stress can be mitigated. The new FA antitranspirant increased photosynthesis, enlarged stomatal conductance and reduced transpiration rate, thus led to growth stimulation and water loss reduction. New FA antitranspirant caused an increase of grain yield by 7.2%, under the optimal concentration 1.5 mL L^-1.

Physiological Effects of Rare Earths on Black Currant Plants

Various concentrations of ''Nongle'' rare earth were applied on 'Xinbin'' cultivar of black currant plants. The results indicated that leaf chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, photon flux density and leaf transpiration rate of black currant plants were influenced significantly by rare earth applied on leaves. Foliage application of 300 to 800 mg/L rare earth two times in the growing season was better than those applied once.

Effect of La-Gly on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Glycine max Seedling under Pb Stress

The physiological and biochemical characteristics of Glycine max seedlings were changed under the high concentration of Pb stress, in which the malony dialdehyde (MDA) content, plasmalemma, activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were increased drastically. The damage effects of Pb were reduced when 15 mg . L-1 La-Gly was used to spray Glycine max seedlings. The results of La-Gly treatment show that the effects are related to the decrease of Pb content in plants, the increase of photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase (NR) activity, decrease of MDA content and cell membrane permeability, and maintenance of activities of CAT and POD.

Physiological Effects of Iron Deficiency on Pyrus pashia Buch-Ham

Pyrus pashia Buch-Ham, a wild specie was used to investigate the physiological effects of iron deficiency in culture solution. The result showed that Chla, Chlb, total chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate(Pn) decreased sharply, and the decrease of Pn was prior to that of Chl content under the iron deficiency. The iron deficiency symptoms were visible when the iron concentration in culture medium was less than 25 μmol L-1. Peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activity in iron-deficient leaves declined significantly, and POD was more sensitive than CAT to Fe deficiency. However, the positive correlation between CAT activity and Chl content was more significant than that between POD activity and Chl content. The content of nutrient elements in Fe-deficient leaves, which changed irregularly, were higher than that in normal leaves. There were a most significant positive correlation between active Fe and Chl content, and between active Fe and Pn respectively. Therefore, active Fe could be useful physiological predicting index for diagnosis.

Operations of Knapsack Sprayer and Its Impacts on Physiological Parameters of Selected Operators

The study was aimed at determining the impacts of operating Manually Operated Hand Lever Knapsack Sprayers (MOHLKS) on physiological responses of the operators as dependent on anthropometric variations and sex. Twenty eight subjects, (4 female, 24 male) Mean ± SD: Age 22.5 ± 1.92, 24.29 ± 2.2 years;Body Mass Index 24.6 ± 4.8, 21.7 ± 2.4 kg/m2 were employed in the study. Selected anthropometric parameters of weight and height were used to determine body mass index (BMI), with these are arm-reach forward, elbow to fingertip, hand length and hand width were measured to establish human variations in diversity. Subjects undertook the operation at 5 replicates each, before and after which information about operators’ body pain locations and body physiological changes of heart rates were obtained. Measured parameters were used in the determination of expended energy (EE), physiological cost (PC), oxygen intake (VO2) and aerobic power (VO2max). Alongside with these were operational parameters of stroke, pace and time taken to get the operation done and environmental factors of temperature and relative humidity. The results revealed on the average that the BMI (24.61 ± 4.78 kg/m2) in female operators was higher, this corresponded to PC and VO2, while the VO2max (34.83 ± 3.30 ml/min/kg) in males is higher. More EE was obtained in female subjects (3.53 ± 3.76 kCal/min) as compared to male subjects (3.42 ± 7.48 kCal/min). The main effects plot of operational factors on EE displayed the stroke made by the subjects during spraying operation as parameter with largest effect on EE. Regression equation for EE and PCI is given as PCI = 1.97 + 25.2 EE, while the P-value at α = 0.05 is 0.000 and R2 = 98.8%. Post operational body pain showed that 19 out of 28 subjects incurred at least one type of body pain, with shoulder pain as most frequent. The results of the study suggest that early incidence of fatigue may occur in female operators as compared to the males, and in addition, cumulative trauma at shoulder, back, and upper and lower arm may result over time. Hence, it is recommended that the tank volume should be reduced and the straps for the shoulders should be supported with additional cushion.

Effects of Microgravity on Human Physiology and Ground-Based Models for Space Physiological Studies

With the development of manned spaceflight, more and more researches are involved in the area of gravitation physiology. When astronauts are exposed to microgravity, a series of special physiological or pathological changes will occur, which will start self-regulation mechanisms to reduce abnormalities and help the organism to better adapt to microgravity. However, these adaptive changes may also induce degradation or damage to physiological functions. This paper summarizes the physiological effects of microgravity on the human body from the aspects of skeletal and mineral metabolism, muscle structure and function, vestibular functions, cardiovascular function and pulmonary function, as well as expounds some commonly used ground-based space analogies. The paper will provide a reference for further study on the physiological effects of microgravity.

绿色木霉对甜瓜立枯病防治效果及其生理机制初探

研究了一株绿色木霉菌Trichoderma viride Tv286对立枯丝核菌Rizoctonia solani(Rs)侵染引起的甜瓜立枯病的防治效果,并测定了Tv286对甜瓜幼苗生长、生理特性的影响。结果显示,Tv286处理对甜瓜枯萎病的盆栽防效超过85%,能显著促进甜瓜幼苗的生长,提高幼苗的生理活性。其中以土壤施入106cfu/g Tv286菌剂的处理对甜瓜立枯病的防效最高,对幼苗的生长和生理活性的促进作用最强。与病菌对照处理相比,其幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、全株鲜重、全株干重、根冠比和壮苗指数分别提高了51.64%、39.93%、44.49%、36.99%、119.18%、79.45%和122.73%;叶片总叶绿素含量、根系活力、硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别提高了40.02%、43.64%、13.85%、118.34%、105.46%和153.78%;根体积、总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积百分比、根比表面积分别提高了32.02%、74.18%、135.09%、34.97%和31.96%。上述结果说明,本研究的绿色木霉Tv286通过提高甜瓜幼苗生理特性,促进了幼苗生长,提高了对立枯病的抗性。

苍耳子鼻炎滴丸对难治性变应性鼻炎的疗效和功能恢复的影响

目的 观察苍耳子鼻炎滴丸治疗难治性变应性鼻炎的疗效及其主要的药效学机制。方法 选取本院门诊经治的难治性变应性鼻炎患者102例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各51例。对照组予以依巴斯汀+辅舒良治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用苍耳子鼻炎滴丸口服。疗程结束时,比较分析两组的总体疗效、临床症状和体征积分及其对血清炎症因子(IL-4、IL-6、IL-34)、免疫球蛋白E(Ig E)水平和鼻腔黏膜纤毛清除率的影响。结果 观察组总有效率(93.02%)明显高于对照组(74.36%)。疗后两组患者临床症状和体征积分、IL-4、IL-6、IL-34、Ig E水平均明显降低(P<0.05),鼻腔黏膜纤毛清除率明显提高(P<0.05),但以观察组指标改变更为显著(P<0.05)。结论 苍耳子鼻炎滴丸联合常规治疗能进一步提升难治性变应性鼻炎的临床疗效,其药效机制与抑制炎症因子及Ig E水平、促进鼻腔黏膜纤毛运动功能的恢复有关。

贮藏温度对火棘鲜果采后生理及功效活性成分的影响

以重庆彭水野生火棘鲜果为试材,研究贮藏温度对火棘功效活性成分原花青素、黄酮、总酚和VC含量的影响,分析相关抗性酶超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(shenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL)活性和次生代谢产物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量及腐损率变化趋势。结果表明:-5、-3、-1、1、3、5℃贮藏60 d原花青素保持率分别是初始含量的72.97%、65.43%、48.12%、29.76%、21.33%和19.22%;黄酮保持率分别为77.25%、76.27%、72.01%、60.39%、56.96%和35.19%;总酚保持率分别为83.66%、82.61%、62.80%、55.69%、48.51%和43.11%;VC保持率分别为87.17%、86.43%、75.46%、54.83%、36.06%和24.35%;SOD活性保持率分别为81.56%、79.78%、66.32%、27.86%、15.83%和11.25%;PAL活性保持率分别为57.43%、50.05%、42.00%、19.69%、15.62%和14.12%;MDA累积程度与初始含量相比,分别为2.19、2.59、4.51、6.52、7.52倍和8.54倍;腐损率与5℃贮藏60 d相比,分别低88.10%、87.94%、81.09%、54.25%和12.53%。-5、-3℃贮藏与5、3、1、-1℃贮藏相比均可有效保持原有功效成分、降低腐损率、减少MDA累积程度、保持较高SOD和PAL活性,但-5℃和-3℃贮藏差异不显著,-3℃可作为优选贮藏温度。

喷钙处理对胭脂花耐热反应的生理研究

以野生胭脂花(Primula maximowiczii)引种盆栽苗为试材,采用方差分析和广义线性模型,研究了胭脂花叶片生理生化指标,以期确定时间处理与喷钙处理共同作用对胭脂花叶片各个指标的影响程度。结果表明:1)在40℃高温胁迫下,随着胁迫时间的递增,胭脂花叶片相对电导率与丙二醛含量均呈增加趋势,但喷钙处理的上升速率均比清水处理缓慢;且3种喷钙处理中以10 mmol·L^(-1)浓度的喷钙处理效果最为显著;2)在4 h高温胁迫下,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化物酶(POD)活性整体呈先增加后下降趋势,3种喷钙处理后的活性始终高于清水处理,并以10 mmol·L^(-1)喷钙处理效果最为显著;3)在高温胁迫的整个过程中,可溶性蛋白质含量整体呈下降趋势,可溶性糖与游离脯氨酸含量整体呈上升趋势,但相比清水处理,喷钙后叶片中所含的渗透调节物质均增加,并以10 mmol·L^(-1)浓度的喷钙处理效果显著。因此,经喷钙处理的胭脂花叶片各种耐热性生理生化指标均有所提高,故喷钙处理可提高胭脂花的耐热能力。

雌激素与皮肤健康:生理作用、衰老影响及治疗进展

雌激素对机体各个系统的影响已得到充分证明,然而尚未探索的一个领域是雌激素对皮肤的影响。目前,不断发展的皮肤内分泌学认为皮肤不仅是各种激素的靶器官,而且是一个高度活跃的代谢器官,雌激素似乎以多种方式影响着皮肤及皮肤病的发生发展。本文就雌激素的生成特性及相关受体、雌激素对皮肤的生理作用、更年期与皮肤衰老的关系进行回顾,以期为雌激素对皮肤影响的研究提供参考依据。

中药远志的炮制研究进展

远志是我国传统中药,具有安神益智、交通心肾、祛痰、消肿等作用,虽然其炮制方法多样,但炮制目的均在于减毒增效。本文对古法炮制中的净制、切制、加辅料炒与不加辅料炒等方法进行了文献概述,并在此基础上,对现代炮制前后化学成分变化及减毒增效机制等方面进行文献分析。现代研究表明,远志的减毒增效机制为远志皂苷的毒性与糖基含量有关,远志皂苷B水解为细叶远志皂苷后胃肠毒性显著降低。现代远志的炮制工艺主要有甘草炙远志、蜜制远志、厚朴汁炙远志、炆远志等,但厚朴汁炙远志、炆远志现代沿用不多,炮制工艺缺乏规范化研究。笔者认为,应加强古法炮制研究,在确定炮制工艺的同时,结合化学成分、药效等方面,开展炮制机制等方面的研究,为远志炮制的合理性提供科学依据,确保临床用药安全。

CBL教学模式下生理学课程思政融入实效性研究

采用组间比较方式了解CBL教学模式下生理学课程思政融入的实效性,并在授课结束后对两组学生进行问卷调查。结果表明,接受CBL教学模式的实验组学生与接受传统教学模式的对照组学生均在教学过程中感知到了相关的思政元素,但实验组学生的学习效果更好。从一级指标来看,生理学课程思政融入实效性及教学准备、教学过程、教学效果维度在教学模式上存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。从二级指标来看,师生教学准备、教学内容、教学方法、专业素养、思政元素及学习效果维度在教学模式上存在显著性差异。一级指标和二级指标下,均是实验组学生的均值更高,说明CBL教学模式下生理学课程思政融入的实效性优于传统教学模式。

外源GA_(3)对“白雪塔”牡丹花期生理效应的影响

以观赏牡丹“白雪塔”为试材,采用植株喷施法,研究了外源赤霉素(GA_(3))对牡丹花期生理效应的影响,以期为牡丹产业中的催花调控、切花生产及旅游创收等方面提供参考依据。结果表明:外施500 mg·L-1GA_(3)可使“白雪塔”提前4~5 d开花且花期延长2~3 d,有效拓宽了观赏花期。同时还显著降低了幼叶和花瓣内脱落酸(ABA)含量,提高了GA_(3)、生长素(IAA)含量及IAA/ABA、GA_(3)/ABA、(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA比值。低含量的ABA和高比值的(IAA+GA_(3))/ABA是“白雪塔”花期延长的重要内部激素调控因素。此外,外施GA_(3)还显著降低了花期衰老进程中的超氧阴离子(O·2)产生速率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高了可溶性蛋白质含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。与各自对照相比,幼叶内可溶性蛋白质含量和SOD活性分别比对照提高了39.3%~118.2%、20.7%~38.3%;花瓣可溶性蛋白质含量和SOD活性则分别提高了43.0%~60.3%、23.9%~57.0%(P<0.05)。可溶性蛋白质含量及SOD活性的提高,有效缓解了因开花衰老诱发的过量活性氧对细胞膜脂造成的过氧化伤害,在抑制初花至败花期时的组织衰老方面,发挥了重要的防御作用。