Optical nonlinearity measurement of 4-(N-methyl,N-hydroxyethl)amino,4'-nitroazobenzene using a transmittance technique with a phase object(T-PO) with top-hat beams at 600-nm wavelength

The transmittance technique with a phase object（T-PO）,for measuring optical nonlinear coefficients is proposed with a top-hat beam.The sensitivity of the T-PO with a top-hat beam is a factor of 4 greater than that with a Gaussian beam.The validity of this method is verified by measuring the nonlinearity of a well-characterized liquid,CS 2 at 532-nm wavelength.The ease of use of this method has been proved by measuring a new compound 4-（N-methyl,N-hydroxyethyl）amino,4＇-nitroazobenzene（ANAB） at 600-nm wavelength,indicating that this method can be extended to the measurement of optical nonlinearities in a wide-band spectrum.

Theory of Z-scan technique using Gaussian-Bessel beams with a phase object

This paper reports the theoretical study of combining Z-scan technique with Gauss-Bessel （GB） beams beside a phase object （PO） to measure the third-order nonlinear susceptibility components. By using this method, the sign of refractive index which depends on the shape of the close aperture Z-scan curve can be easily determined. Meanwhile, the magnitude of nonlinear coefficients can also be deduced by theoretical fit. The proposed method is advantageous for high sensitivity and imposes a lower stress in the cases of fragile materials, since small pulse energy is enough for the measurement of nonlinear coefficients. Predictions of the models are compared with Gaussian Z-scan measurement and GB Z-scan measurement. By using GB beams with a PO, the sensitivity of Z-scan measurements is found to be a factor of over 60 times greater than for Gaussian beams and 2 times greater than for Gaussian-Bessel beams.

Differential interference contrast phase edging net:an all-optical learning system for edge detection of phase objects

Edge detection for low-contrast phase objects cannot be performed directly by the spatial difference of intensity distribution.In this work,an all-optical diffractive neural network(DPENet)based on the differential interference contrast principle to detect the edges of phase objects in an all-optical manner is proposed.Edge information is encoded into an interference light field by dual Wollaston prisms without lenses and light-speed processed by the diffractive neural network to obtain the scale-adjustable edges.Simulation results show that DPENet achieves F-scores of 0.9308(MNIST)and 0.9352(NIST)and enables real-time edge detection of biological cells,achieving an F-score of 0.7462.

基于二阶段目标增强网络的低照度复杂环境下绝缘子故障检测方法

从低照度户外环境中航拍采集的绝缘子影像,存在照度低、背景复杂、绝缘子故障目标小等缺陷,严重影响低照度环境下绝缘子故障检测准确性。为解决上述问题,文章提出一种基于TOE-Net的低照度复杂环境下绝缘子故障检测方法,提出TOE-Net进行图像预处理方法,再使用YOLOv7-OL作为故障检测模块检测小目标绝缘子故障。在二阶段目标增强网络(two-stage object enhancement network,TOE-Net)中,设计零目标图像增强损失函数实现预增强网络(preparation enhancement network,PreEnNet)和深度增强网络(deep enhancement network,DeepEnNet)的无监督学习;使用信道级注意力模块跳跃式通道注意力机制(skip squeeze excitation networt,Skip_SENet)和跳跃式通道注意力机制(skip convolutional block attention module,Skip_CBAM)模块改进原始小目标特征增强单次多框检测算法(small object detection enhancement single shot multiBox detector,SDE-SSD),从而提升定位网络的小目标检测能力;设计弱监督机制使预增强网络根据小目标特征增强SSD的要求来提升图像增强能力,直到小目标特征增强SSD能够从增强图像中准确定位绝缘子串位置;使用深度增强网络深度增强绝缘子串区域,提升各类故障的特征显著性。故障检测模块中,将YOLOv7目标检测算法改进为面向小目标YOLOv7,在原模型中添加结合多尺度特征自适应融合网络的小目标检测通道,并将原始损失函数的CIOU改进为BIOU,从而提高模型的小目标检测性能。在低照度环境绝缘子故障检测实验中,该算法与5种目前常用目标检测算法相比具有较大优势,并且相较于低光目标检测算法IA-YOLO、GenISP with RetinaNet,m AP提升9.77%、10.35%,检测速度提升7.23%、10.16%,证明该算法适用于低照度复杂环境下小目标绝缘子故障检测任务;在正常光照绝缘子故障检测实验中该算法仍保持出色性能,证明该算法能够实现常规光照条件下绝缘子小目标故障检测。

Two-Phase Multi Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming Approach for Sustainable Irrigation Planning

The objective of the present study is to develop the irrigation planning model and to apply the same in the form of Two-Phase Multi Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming (TPMOFLP) approach for crop planning in command area of Jayakwadi Project Stage I, Maharashtra State, India. The development of TPMOFLP model is on the basis of various Linear Programming (LP) models and Multi Objective Fuzzy Linear Programming (MOFLP) models, these models have been applied for maximization of the Net Benefits (NB), Crop production (CP), Employment Generation (EG) and Manure Utilization (MU) respectively. The significant increase in the value of level of satisfaction (λ) has been found from 0.58 to 0.65 by using the TPMOFLP approach as compare to that of MOFLP model based on maxmin approach. The two-phase approach solution provides NB = 1503.56 Million Rupees, CP = 335729.30 Tons, EG = 29.74 Million Man days and MU = 160233.70 Tons respectively. The proposed model will be helpful for the Decision Maker (DM) to take a decision under conflicting situation while planning for different conflicting objectives simultaneously and has potential to find out an integrated irrigation planning with prime consideration for economic, social and environmental issue.

相变墙体应用于办公建筑的多目标优化设计

以寒冷地区某办公建筑为例,基于TRNSYS建立了相变材料应用于建筑南外墙内侧的仿真模型,利用jEPlus+EA平台的NSGA-Ⅱ算法对建筑冷、热负荷进行了多目标优化设计,应用乌托邦点法对帕累托前沿解集进行了均衡决策,并对优化方案的相变时间和节能率进行了分析。结果表明:寒冷地区典型办公建筑合理的相变温度范围为17~25℃;以南外墙内侧采用相变材料的房间为计算基准的年均节能率可达7.2%,建筑冷、热负荷可分别减小7.78%、6.04%;最优解方案对于建筑热负荷的增益更高。

基于多频相移的相位偏折测量透明物体表面三维形貌

光学三维测量中的相位偏折测量术以其快速、高精度、稳定抗干扰的优点,在光学表面测量、快速检测等领域得到广泛应用。透明物体因其上下表面的折射和反射,导致相机采集到不同表面反射叠加的混合条纹,传统的相位偏折测量术难以对其进行有效的三维测量。为解决该问题,文中提出一种基于多频相移的相位偏折法测量透明物体的表面三维形貌。首先,显示屏显示多种不同频率与多步相移结合的正弦条纹,从另外一个角度相机采集物体表面反射的混合条纹。然后,利用最小二乘法迭代将混合条纹进行分离,得到上下表面折叠相位并展开。接着,通过梯度标定确定相位与梯度的关系,根据梯度积分恢复透明物体表面的三维形貌。最后,实验证明所提方法能够有效实现混合条纹的分离,实测透明玻璃板上表面的平均误差从32.4μm减少到5.1μm,结果验证了混合条纹分离方法的有效性,提升了透明物体表面三维形貌测量精度。与已有方法相比,文中方法可以有效避免初始相位值偏差较大带来的影响,缩短计算时间,适用于不同形状透明物体表面三维形貌的测量。

基于CFD的某商用车扬尘污染仿真优化分析

针对某新型商用车在泥土路面低速行驶工况中,易扬起地面尘土造成局部空气污染问题。建立商用车CFD仿真分析模型,进行实验对标以验证仿真模型的精确性。将DPM离散相模型分析方法与离散动力学相结合,对商用车外流场中多相流进行数值仿真,揭示了扬尘污染的产生机理。由此制定不同的扬尘治理方案,结合HyperStudy软件进行优化分析,寻求最佳扬尘治理方案,并开展实验验证。研究结果表明:通过优化风扇位置,更换“U型”护风罩并优化导风板尺寸的改进方案,扬尘颗粒数相较原车减少了44.67%,在保证散热性能的前提下,明显改善了扬尘污染现象。

一种基于离散时域模型的单相PWM整流器控制参数多目标优化设计方法

单相PWM整流器一般采用电压外环比例积分、电流内环比例谐振的双闭环控制方法,在实现交流侧高功率因数的同时稳定直流侧输出电压,因此受到国内外学者的广泛研究。然而,在内外环控制参数设计阶段,传统设计方法一般根据经验选取控制参数,参数选取范围较大,且无法量化评估控制参数的时域控制效果,导致参数优化整定困难。为此,该文提出一种基于离散时域模型的内外环控制参数多目标优化设计方法。首先,采用传统设计方法确定电压外环比例、积分控制参数以及电流内环比例、谐振控制参数的安全设计空间;然后,基于离散时域模型将安全设计空间正映射至控制参数的时域性能空间,实现电流内环控制参数对交流侧功率因数以及电压外环控制参数对直流侧电压超调量的量化评估。在此基础上,通过进一步约束性能目标得到性能优化设计空间,考虑内外环控制参数的耦合效应,对内外环性能优化设计空间进行重新组合,再将其映射至性能空间,得到内外环控制目标帕累托最优前沿下的最优设计空间,从中选取内外环控制参数的优化设计点,在典型工况下实验测得的交流侧功率因数为0.981 26,直流输出电压超调量绝对值为1.37%,证明了所提优化设计方法的正确性。

基于帕累托前沿关系求解约束多目标优化问题

为解决约束多目标优化问题中的平衡约束满足与目标函数优化以及可行域复杂等挑战,提出了基于不同帕累托前沿关系的分类搜索方法。提出一种双种群双阶段框架:进化一个辅助种群Pa和一个主种群Pm,并将进化过程分为学习阶段和搜索阶段。学习阶段,种群Pa向UPF(unconstrained Pareto front)进行搜索,而种群Pm向CPF(constrained Pareto front)进行搜索,旨在探索UPF与CPF之间的关系;完成学习后,对不同问题的UPF与CPF关系进行分类,以指导后续搜索策略;在搜索阶段,根据不同的分类关系,调整种群Pa的搜索策略,旨在使种群Pa为种群Pm提供更有效的辅助信息。基于此算法框架,对不同类型约束多目标优化问题的帕累托前沿关系进行了分类,实现了对CPF更有效的搜索。实验结果表明:所提算法与其他7种先进的约束多目标优化算法相比具有更显著的性能优势。通过学习与利用UPF与CPF的关系,能够选择更合适的搜索策略去应对具有不同特性的约束多目标优化问题,以获得更具优势的最终解集。

X波段低相噪蓝宝石振荡器

设计了一款低相噪蓝宝石振荡器并对其进行温度控制,基于蓝宝石谐振器理论,采用有限元仿真软件完成了蓝宝石谐振器设计。蓝宝石谐振器实测中心频率为9.84 GHz,有载Q值113 000。将该蓝宝石谐振器作为选频网络与放大器、滤波器、移相器和耦合器构成低相噪蓝宝石振荡器。振荡器的输出工作频率9.84 GHz,输出功率9 dBm,偏离载波1 kHz处相位噪声为-117 dBc/Hz,偏离载波10 kHz处相位噪声为-144 dBc/Hz,偏离载波100 kHz处相位噪声为-161 dBc/Hz。该振荡器有助于提高雷达对于低慢小目标的检测能力。

Wave equation tomographyin baseband with phase correction from the first arrival traveltimes

We use the first arrival traveltime to correct the phase distortion in a nonlinear wave equation inversion scheme.This improves the precision of tomographic reconstruction of a velocity structure with large variations and helps solve the ill-posed problem of wave equation inversion.When the variation of the velocity distribution is large,general non-linear wave equation inversions are very ill-posed and for such strong nonlinear we can not obtain a correct inversion.One of main reasons is that the calculated and observed phase of the wavefield differs greatly if the initial model is far from the true model.This leads to highly mismatched phase between the calculated and the observed wave field.This is so-called"Cycle Skipping"problem in the full waveform inversion.The phase mismatch is even more pronounced if a high operating frequency is employed in order to increase resolution.To address this problem,we use the first arrival to"demodulate"the wave field in the frequency domain with a goal of restoring the phase of wave field.Then we minimize an objective function consisting of so called"demodulated"wave field to solve wave equation inversion problem.In this way,we find that the inversion is much improved,and when the velocity perturbation in a complicated model reaches 35%,we can still obtain a good inversion.A computer simulation shows that our method is very robust for acoustical wave inversion with good reconstruction precision.

考虑配电网三相不平衡性的台区降损方法研究

目前,台区损耗的影响因素较多,存在三相电流差异大、线路损耗和功率损耗高的三相不平衡问题。为了提高配电台区的供电质量,提出考虑配电网三相不平衡性的台区降损方法。分析了三相不平衡对台区损耗产生的影响。在分析结果的基础上,将最小化三相电流在台区中的不平衡度、控制自动换相装置、在台区运行过程中调整开关次数最小作为优化目标。通过建立台区降损优化目标函数和采用遗传算法求解目标函数,获得台区降损优化目标函数的最优解。通过调整三相不平衡,完成台区的降损优化。试验结果表明,采用所提方法优化后,三相电流的值基本相符,且线路损耗、功率损耗减小。该方法有效降低了台区损耗。

基于相位测量偏折术的透明物体表面缺陷检测

目前国内对玻璃、透镜等透明物体的质量控制仍使用传统方法,传统的肉眼评估方法效率低下。为实现透明物体表面缺陷的自动化检测,提出一种基于相位测量偏折术(Phase Measuring Deflectometry,PMD)的透射式检测方法。利用结合了新相移图案生成计算式的PMD算法生成结构光条纹图案,使用透射式系统将该条纹图案投射到被测物体表面。相机采集经被测物体折射后的变形条纹图片,生成绝对相位图,通过识别绝对相位图中的局部畸变提取缺陷。通过分析周期错位导致误检的原因,提出一种绝对相位周期错位修正的方法。新相移图案生成计算式能提前修正周期错位现象,二者结合使用能提高相位展开的精度。以焦距为300 mm的凹、凸透镜为例进行实验,结果表明该方法能准确地提取出因表面缺陷导致的绝对相位图中的局部畸变,精度为0.1 mm。

基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ的交叉口信号配时多目标优化

针对城市交叉口信号配时多目标优化的求解效率问题,设计了一种基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ的城市交叉口信号配时优化方案。该方法采纳车辆延误、停车次数、通行能力3个评价指标设计了多目标信号配时优化模型,并提出了改进的NSGA-Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ-DE)对配时模型进行求解。NSGA-Ⅱ-DE采用DE/Rand/1的全局变异策略对NSGA-Ⅱ算法选择策略进行改进,并设计了种群动态更新算法,提高了算法的收敛速度和求解精度。结果表明改进算法获得了较好的Pareto最优解,通过典型交叉口仿真验证,相对于NSGA-Ⅱ算法,NSGA-Ⅱ-DE方法设计配时方案平均车辆延误优化提升13.42%,排队长度优化提升16.73%,平均停车次数优化提升15.50%,能够实现城市交叉口的最优化控制。

Measurement of a discontinuous object based on a dual-frequency grating

The dual-frequency grating measurement theory is proposed in order to carry out the measurement of a discontinuous object. Firstly, the reason why frequency spectra are produced by low frequency gratings and high frequency gratings in the field of frequency is analysed, and the relationship between the wrapped-phase and the unwrapping-phase is discussed. Secondly, a method to combine the advantages of the two kinds of gratings is proposed： one stripe is produced in the mutation part of the object measured by a suitable low frequency grating designed by MATLAB, then the phase produced by the low frequency grating need not be unfolded. The integer series of stripes is produced by a high frequency grating designed by MATLAB based on the frequency ratio of the two kinds of gratings and the high frequency wrapped-phase, and the high frequency unwrapping-phase is then obtained. In order to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, a steep discontinuous object of 600×600 pixels and 10.00 mm in height is simulated and a discontinuous object of ladder shape which is 32.00 mm in height is used in experiment. Both the simulation and the experiment can restore the discontinuous object height accurately by using the dual-frequency grating measurement theory.

Implementation of Heat Treatment Process Simulation with Object-Oriented Method

In this paper, mathematical models and FEA formulation for implementing heat treatment process simulation were given out. The various coupling effects were treated. The object-oriented methodology of developing heat treatment simulation was explored. The framework of simulating programs was outlined. The main C++ classes were developed, some important member functions were implemented. The present research work shows that using object-oriented method can greatly reduce the amount of coding. The programs are clear in conception, easy to test, modify and expand. By using the methodology introduced in this paper, one heat treatment process three dimensional simulation tool was developed.

Optical encryption of multiple three-dimensional objects based on multiple interferences and single-pixel digital holography

We present an optical encryption method of multiple three-dimensional objects based on multiple interferences and single-pixel digital holography. By modifying the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the interference of the multiple objects beams and the one reference beam is used to simultaneously encrypt multiple objects into a ciphertext. During decryption, each three-dimensional object can be decrypted independently without having to decrypt other objects. Since the single- pixel digital holography based on compressive sensing theory is introduced, the encrypted data of this method is effectively reduced. In addition, recording fewer encrypted data can greatly reduce the bandwidth of network transmission. Moreover, the compressive sensing essentially serves as a secret key that makes an intruder attack invalid, which means that the system is more secure than the conventional encryption method. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method and show that the system has good security performance.

宝鸡市冬半年降水相态精细化客观预报方法研究

为探究复杂地形下冬半年降水相态预报方法,进一步提升降水相态预报时空分辨率和准确率,利用2010—2019年冬半年(11月至次年3月)宝鸡市11个国家气象站观测资料及欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代大气再分析资料,统计分析宝鸡市冬半年雨、雨夹雪和雪3种降水相态时空分布特征,筛选确定降水相态判识因子及阈值,构建降水相态精细化客观预报方法,并检验预报效果。结果表明:宝鸡市初冬-冬末时期以降雨为主,雨雪转换时期3种相态日数占比相当,而隆冬时期则以降雪为主。降水相态空间分布与地形密切相关,海拔较低的渭河两岸川塬区降雨较多,而海拔较高的南北部山区降雪较多。地面2 m气温(T_(2))、850 hPa和700 hPa温度(T_(850)、T_(700))、850~1000 hPa和700~850 hPa位势厚度(H_(850-1000)、H_(700-850))可作为宝鸡市冬半年降水相态组合判据,川塬区渭滨站初冬-冬末、雨雪转换、隆冬时期雨的T_(2)(H_(850-1000))阈值分别为2.9℃(1307 gpm)、2.1℃(1308 gpm)、1.8℃(1310 gpm),雪的T_(2)(H_(850-1000))阈值分别为0.7℃(1302 gpm)、0.3℃(1303 gpm)、0.7℃(1308 gpm),而山区太白站的降水相态判据不同于渭滨站,降雨时T_(2)(H_(700-850))一般大于2.6℃(1551 gpm),降雪时T_(2)(H_(700-850))一般小于-0.3℃(1540 gpm),雨夹雪的T_(2)、H_(850-1000)、H_(700-850)阈值一般介于雨和雪之间;此外,雨雪相态转换时还需结合T_(850)、T_(700)综合判断。基于温度和位势厚度组合判据构建的宝鸡市不同地形区冬半年各时期降水相态精细化客观预报方法,能够较好地预报2020年11月至2022年1月冬半年逐小时降水相态,TS(Threat Score)值渭滨站达100%,太白站高于80%,优于单一物理量(温度或位势厚度)。

锂电池复合热管理系统的散热性能优化设计

针对锂电池组散热问题,提出了一种将分岔液冷通道与复合相变材料相结合的复合液冷系统,并对其散热性能进行了数值研究。首先,通过单体电池充放电实验,得到电池的产热量;其次,建立三维电池组模型,以冷却通道各级数量和复合相变材料的厚度为设计变量,采用最优拉丁方方法构建44个试验样本点;然后,基于响应面法建立近似模型,并采用了多目标粒子群算法,进行优化设计;最后,讨论冷却液质量流量的影响。结果表明:当分岔液冷通道各级数量为5、5、7,复合相变材料厚度为5.659 9 mm时,可获得更好的冷却性能,其最高温度、最大温差和压降分别减少了3.40%、35.36%和46.50%。