Phase Relationship in (Dy_(0.65)Tb_(0.25)Pr_(0.1))Fe_x Alloys (1.6≤x≤2.1)

The microstructure and phase relationship of (Dy0.65Tb0.25Pr0.1)Fex alloys in the composition range of 1.6≤x≤2.1 were investigated using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction , DTA and EPMA techniques. The variations of microstructure and lattice parameter with the iron content,the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and the phase relationship have been studied.The phase relationship in the vicinity of the Laves phase is proposed

Crystal structures, phase relationships, and magnetic phase transitions of R_5M_4 compounds (R = rare earths, M = Si, Ge)

Our recent studies of the crystal structures, phase transitions, and magnetic properties of intermetallic compounds RsM4 （R = rare earths; M = Si, Ge） are reviewed briefly. First, crystal structures, phase relationships, and magnetic prop- erties of several 5：4 compounds, including Nd5 Si4-xGex, Pr5 Si4_xGex, Gds-xLaxGe4, La5 Si4, and Gd5 Sn4, are presented. In particular, the canted spin structures as well as the magnetic phase transitions in PrsSi2Ge2 and PrsGe4 investigated by neutron powder diffractions and small-angle neutron scattering are reviewed. Second, the crystal structures and magnetic properties of the most studied compounds Gds（Si,Ge）4 are summarized. The focus is on the parent compound GdsGe4, which is an amazing material exhibiting magnetic anisotropy, angular dependent spin-flop transition, metastable magnetic response, Griffiths-like phase, thermal effect under pulsed fields, antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic resonances, pro- nounced effects of impurities, and high-field induced magnetic transitions.

PHASE RELATIONSHIPS IN R-Fe PSEUDOBINARY SYSTEM (R=Dy_(0.65)Tb_(0.25)Pr_(0.1))

The phase relationships of R-Fe pseudobinary system(R=Dy0.65Tb0.25Pr0.1) have been determined using optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction,EPMA and DTA techniques.This system contains one eutectic reaction and four peritectic reactions.The four intermetallic compounds are(Dy,Tb,Pr)Fe2,(Dy,Tb,Pr)Fe3,(Dy,Tb,Pr)6Fe23 and(Dy,Tb,Pr) 2Fe17 The homogeneity regions of these compounds shift towards rare earth-rich side of the stoichiometric composition except(Dy, Tb,Pr) 2Fe17.

Phase Relationship in Nd_2(Fe_(1-x)Ni_x)_(14) B and Pr_2(Co_(1-y)Ni_y)_(14)B Pseudo-ternary Compounds

The melting behavior,solid state phase transformation and structure of pseudo-ternary compounds Nd_2(Fe_(1-x)Ni_x)_(14)B and Pr_2(Co_(1-y)Ni_y)_(14)B were studied using differential thermal analysis,optical microscopy X-ray diffraction,and electron probe micro-analysis techniques.At high temperature,eutectoid decomposition R_2(Ni,M)_(17)→R(Ni,M)_5+x-Ni(M) takes place in these two pseudo-ternary compounds,in the composition range x=0.6～1.0 and y=0.3～1.0,respectively.When x(or y)≤0.2,both Nd_2(Fe_(1-x)Ni_x)_(14)B and Pr_2(Co_(1-y)Ni_y)_(14)B are single phase tetragonal.The phase constitutents of these two systems at room tempera- ture are similar in the composition range 0.6≤x(or y)≤1.0.

Phase Relationship at Subsolidus Temperature of MgO-MgAl2O4-ZrO2 Subsystem

Three groups of cylinder specimens(φ10 mm×10 mm)with 20%,30%and 40%(by mass,the same hereinafter)of ZrO2,were prepared using analytically pure MgO,Al2O3 and ZrO2 powders as the starting materials.The specimens were fired at 1600℃for 5 h,1700℃for 0 h and 1800℃for 7 h,respectively.The microstructure of the MgO-MgAl2O4-ZrO2 subsystem was studied by FESEM.The results show that(1)in the temperature range of 1600-1700℃,solid phase reactions happen in the MgO-MgAl2O4-ZrO2 subsystem,leaving three phases:periclase,spinel and ZrO2(solid dissolving with Mg2+)co-existing;spinellization affects the densification;(2)the specimen with 40%ZrO2 fired at 1800℃has heterogeneous melting microstructure;some areas form typical ternary eutectic MgO-MgAl2O4-ZrO2 with composition of MgO 35.2%-37.2%,Al2O324.2%-26.6%,and ZrO237.2%-39.8%.

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE SUB-SOLIDUS PHASE RELATIONSHIPS IN THE RECIPROCAL SALT SYSTEM Si, Al, Y/N, O

This is a paper for the sub-solidus phase relationships in the full system Si_3N_4-A1NAl_2O_3-SiO_2-Y_2O_3-YN. Within this system there exist seventy-six compatibility tetrahedra.

PHASE RELATIONSHIPS IN QUASI-SYSTEMS R_2O_3-AlN-Al_2O_3(R=Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm)

The subsolidus phase relationships in the systems R_2O_3-AlN-Al_2O_3 (R=Ce, Pr, Nd.and Sm) and the isothermal section at 1700℃ of the Nd_2O_3-AlN-Al_2O_3 system have beendetermined. A nitrogen-containing R-β-alumina phase RAl_(12)O_(18)N has been identified. Theformation of the β-alumina phase occurring at both the compositions RAl_(12)O_(18)N and R_2O_3·11Al_2O_3 was explored in a series of light rare-earth systems. Single-phase N-containing β-aluminas can be obtained with the compositions RAl_(12)O_(18)N (R=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, andEu). However, La, Ce, Pr and Eu can also form β-alumina phase as the main phase at thecompositions of R_2O_3·11Al_2O_3, which form continuous solid solutions with RAl_(12)O_(18)N. Theunit cell dimensions of RAl_(12)O_(18)N have been determined to be α=5.557 (A) and c=22.00 (A) and there appears no deviation among the different R-β-aluminas (R=Ce→Sm)that can be detected. At 1700℃, an extensive liquid region exists in the triangle Nd_2O_3-Nd_2AlO_3N-NdAlO_3.

PHASE RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SYSTEM Mg-AI-O-N

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONMgO was first used as a sintering additive in the fabrication of Si3N4 ceramics. Another common sintering additive Al2O3 combined with AIN can be accommodated in β-Si3N4 structure to form β-sialon. A thorough understanding of the effect of those combined additives depends on the knowledge of the phase relationships in the system Mg-Si-Al-O-N.

Phase Relationship in Phenol-Insulin Crystal Growth System

Based on the crystal growth system of rhombohedral 2Zn-insulin,the phase transition ofinsulin crystals has been investigated with the phenol concentration as an independent component.The dia-gram of the phase relationship in this crystal growth system was established,and two points of phase transi-tion were found.The transition point Ⅰ indicates the phase transition between rhombohedral 2Zn-insulin crys-tal and rhombohedral 4Zn-insulin crystal,and these two phases coexist within a narrow region of phenol con-centration (0.028%-0.029% (g/ml)).Point Ⅱ at 0.76%-0.77% (g/ml) of phenol concentration showsthe phase transition between rhombohcdral crystal and monoclinic crystals,and a new phase of monocliniccrystal (B-form monoclinic insulin crystal) has been observed.This paper reports the diagram of phase rela-tionship obtained from our experiments,and analyses and discusses the dependence of phase transition of in-sulin crystals on phenol concentration in crystal growth system.

PHASE RELATIONSHIPS IN THE Si_3N_4-Y_2O_3-La_2O_3 SYSTEM

The subsolidus phase diagram of Si_3N_4-Y_2O_3-La_2O_3 system has been shown to involve fourtwo-phase regions and eight three-phase triangles. In Si_3N_4-rich area, there exists a new phase,0.4 Y_2O_3·0.6La_2O_3·3Si_3N_4. A limited solid solution of Y_2O_3·Si_3N_4 with La replacing Y up to55 mol% La_2O_3 has been defined. The reverse replacement does not occur. Three continuous solidsolutions of nitrogen-containing silicates in Y-La-Si-O-N system have been confirmed. Theyare J-phase(2(Y,La)_2O_3·Si_2N_2O), K-phase ((Y,La)_2O_3·Si_2N_2O) and H-phase((Y, La)_(10)(SiO_4)_6N_2).

Millennial-scale phase relationship between North Atlantic deep-level temperature and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau temperature and its evolution since the Last Interglaciation

This study employed proxy data to investigate the phase relationship between the North Atlantic deep-level temperature and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(TP)surface air temperature(TP temperature)and its evolution at the millennial scale since the Last Interglaciation.The results indicate the alternation of in-phase and anti-phase relationships since the Last Interglaciation,with the in-phase relationships showing a shorter duration than the anti-phase relationships.Alternations between the in-phase and antiphase relationships occurred more frequently during the Last Interglaciation than during the Last Glaciation.The phase relationship between the North Atlantic deep-level temperature and the TP temperature was broadly illustrated by that between the North Atlantic temperature(based on oxygen isotope data from the Greenland ice core)and TP temperature.Furthermore,the North Atlantic deep-level temperature and the TP temperature may be connected through the North Atlantic sea surface temperature.

基于极值外推的特种车辆疲劳耐久性多轴载荷谱编制

非道路特种车辆服役载荷谱是整车结构耐久性的关键,为此提出基于极值外推的特种车辆疲劳耐久性多轴服役载荷编制方法。考虑到多轴载荷谱外推时的载荷通道之间具有相位关系,开展以临界平面损伤参量为基础的多轴载荷等效合成研究;构建极值超出量服从广义Pareto分布的多轴外推模型。利用等效合成载荷谱进行载荷外推,将基于等效合成系数获取的外推量分配到每个载荷通道上,实现考虑相位关系的多轴载荷外推。以典型工况下特种车辆的轮端六向力信号为研究对象进行多轴外推,并对比外推前后的载荷谱与采集载荷谱通道之间的相位关系、穿级计数、雨流计数和功率谱密度。研究结果表明:基于极值外推的特种车辆整车疲劳耐久性多轴载荷编制,可以实现在相同典型工况下多轴载荷谱的有效预测。

基于AKNN异常检验与ADPC聚类的低压台区拓扑识别方法

低压台区拓扑信息的准确记录是进行台区线损分析、三相不平衡治理等工作的基础。针对目前拓扑档案排查成本高且效率低的问题,提出一种基于自适应k近邻(adaptive k nearest neighbor,AKNN)异常检验和自适应密度峰值(adaptive density peaks clustering,ADPC)聚类的低压台区拓扑识别方法。该方法利用动态时间弯曲(dynamic time warping,DTW)距离度量低压台区用户间电压序列的相似性,通过AKNN异常检验算法检验并校正异常的用户与变压器之间的关系(简称“户变关系”),在得到正确户变关系的基础上,采用ADPC聚类算法对台区内用户进行相位识别;最后,通过实际台区算例分析验证了该方法不需要人为设置参数,能有效实现低压台区的拓扑识别,具有较高的适用性与准确性。

Nd^(3+)掺杂钙钛锆石(Ca_(1-x)Nd_(x)ZrTi_(2)O_(7+x/2))相变行为的研究

为研究钙钛锆石对放射性元素Am^(3+)的稳定固化作用,以Nd^(3+)为Am^(3+)的模拟元素,系统研究了高温固相法制备Ca_(1-x)Nd_(x)ZrTi_(2)O_(7+x/2)时,Nd^(3+)异价取代钙钛锆石晶格中Ca^(2+)位(0≤x≤1.0)所导致的相态演变行为。合成Ca_(1-x)Nd_(x)ZrTi_(2)O_(7+x/2)的XRD、Raman、BSE和EDS测试结果表明:钙钛锆石(Zirconolite)晶格对Nd^(3+)离子的固溶量可达70%(x=0.7),可有效实现对Am^(3+)模拟元素Nd^(3+)离子的固化。但随着Nd^(3+)掺杂量(x≤0.3)增加,Zirconolite-2M晶格中O^(2-)和Nd^(3+)的无序化程度逐渐增加、(Ca/Nd)-O键长逐渐变小,直至(x=0.4)引起Zr^(2+)、Ti^(4+)附近的O^(2-)配位数发生改变(ZrO7→ZrO8、TiO5→TiO6),Zirconolite-2M晶格结构开始向Zirconolite-4M转变。x=0.5时,陶瓷体完全转变为Zirconolite-4M晶格且O^(2-)和Nd^(3+)有序度重新变高、Ti—O键长增加;直至x=0.6、x=0.7时,陶瓷体仍为单一Zirconolite-4M结构,但晶格中O^(2-)和Nd^(3+)的有序度又逐渐降低,以至于在x=0.7陶瓷体亚晶格中微量Ca^(2+)、Zr^(4+)、Nd^(3+)离子占位转变为烧绿石(Pyrochlore)结构。而在0.8≤x≤0.9范围内,Zirconolite-4M结构完全消失,陶瓷体为多相共存状态(Pyrochlore、ZrTiO_(4)和Nd2(TiZr)_(4)O_(11)物相)。Nd^(3+)完全取代Ca^(2+)位(x=1.0)时,陶瓷体变为单一Nd2(TiZr)_(4)O_(11)固溶体相。陶瓷体晶粒的BSE和EDS分析证实了这种相变规律。

长江中游城陵矶—武汉河段稳定航深计算方法改进

航道稳定航深计算是充分利用航道水深资源的前提条件,改进稳定航深的计算过程对估算航道水深潜力有重要的意义。为计算长江中游城陵矶—武汉河段航道最大稳定水深,改进了稳定航深估算法中的河相关系参数、水深修正系数及分流比计算过程,同时综合考虑分汊河段和非分汊河段的稳定航深,最后确定了城陵矶—武汉河段在不同流量、不同河宽下的稳定航深。研究结果表明:(1)通过构建城陵矶—武汉河段流量Q与河相系数α、形状系数k、河相指数β、河宽B的经验关系,可简化改进稳定航深估算法的稳定航深计算过程。(2)城陵矶—武汉河段在98%设计通航保证率流量下,150、200、250 m航宽尺度下基于自然禀赋的稳定航深分别为5.98、5.64、5.30 m;在20 000 m^(3)/s流量下,150、200、250 m航宽尺度下的稳定航深分别为12.56、11.89、11.22 m;在30 000 m^(3)/s流量下,150、200、250 m航宽尺度下的稳定航深分别为16.81、16.16、15.49 m。

文化的时相观照

人类生活世界的时间是社会化的亦即文化性的时间。其中,时间与文化相互建构,形成时间的文化规范与文化的时间秩序。因此,社会文化生活、文化现象有了时间性的样态和特征,谓之“文化时相”。它表明社会文化在不同的时间秩序、时间条件下具有不同的状态、特质,亦即不同形式的文化生活具有不同的时间范式。文化与时间的这种互规定机制,既体现在主体认知的理性跃升与修为的人文化成中,又展示于文化传承的遗传性获得与获得性遗传的交互作用中。对文化时相这些重要样态、机理,从文化-时间的交互建构关系中做出学理解析,是深化对于时间文化学和文化时间论学术探讨的重要致思之路。

基于帕累托前沿关系求解约束多目标优化问题

为解决约束多目标优化问题中的平衡约束满足与目标函数优化以及可行域复杂等挑战,提出了基于不同帕累托前沿关系的分类搜索方法。提出一种双种群双阶段框架:进化一个辅助种群Pa和一个主种群Pm,并将进化过程分为学习阶段和搜索阶段。学习阶段,种群Pa向UPF(unconstrained Pareto front)进行搜索,而种群Pm向CPF(constrained Pareto front)进行搜索,旨在探索UPF与CPF之间的关系;完成学习后,对不同问题的UPF与CPF关系进行分类,以指导后续搜索策略;在搜索阶段,根据不同的分类关系,调整种群Pa的搜索策略,旨在使种群Pa为种群Pm提供更有效的辅助信息。基于此算法框架,对不同类型约束多目标优化问题的帕累托前沿关系进行了分类,实现了对CPF更有效的搜索。实验结果表明:所提算法与其他7种先进的约束多目标优化算法相比具有更显著的性能优势。通过学习与利用UPF与CPF的关系,能够选择更合适的搜索策略去应对具有不同特性的约束多目标优化问题,以获得更具优势的最终解集。

基于电压序列相似性的户变关系与相别识别

随着低压配电网的改造升级,台区户变关系变化频繁,为解决时有发生的用户台区挂错现象,提出一种利用改进的基于密度的点排序识别聚类结构(ordering points to identify the clustering structure,OPTICS)的台区户变关系识别和相别识别方法。首先,对配网电压序列的相关性进行定性分析,提出利用电压时序序列作为分析识别的数据基础;其次,采用改进的自适应分段聚合近似(adaptive piecewise aggregate approximation,APAA)对电压序列进行降维处理,提取能够反映电压特征的低维向量;然后利用改进的OPTICS算法对所提取的特征向量进行聚类分析,识别台区的户变关系和相别关系;最后,基于实际的台区数据进行算例分析,验证了所提方法的准确性。

基于电子鼻技术的臭灵丹草指纹图谱建立及谱效关系研究

目的:基于超快速气相电子鼻技术,建立15批臭灵丹草饮片的气味指纹图谱,结合谱效相关性分析,筛选与抗氧化活性相关的成分。方法:使用超快速气相电子鼻建立15批臭灵丹草饮片的气味指纹图谱,进行相似度评价。结合AroChemBase数据库进行定性分析。以DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除能力为指标评价臭灵丹草饮片挥发性成分的抗氧化活性,结合多元统计分析评价谱效关系,筛选与抗氧化活性关联度较大的成分。结果:建立了15批臭灵丹草饮片的气味指纹图谱,结合AroChemBase数据库标定了14个共有峰,分别为异戊烷、乙叉降冰生烯、α-蒎烯、α-水芹烯、1,8-桉叶素、5-甲基-4-壬烯、柠檬烯、二溴氯丙烷、芳樟醇、甲基丁香酚、十一酸甲酯、β-石竹烯、醋酸十一酯、覆盆子酮。臭灵丹草饮片挥发油清除DPPH、ABTS自由基的IC50分别为6.56~21.26 mg/mL、3.89~18.34 mg/mL,灰色关联度分析及偏最小二乘回归分析结果表明柠檬烯、甲基丁香酚、覆盆子酮等与其抗氧化相关性较大。结论:臭灵丹草饮片超快速气相电子鼻气味指纹图谱结合谱效关系研究初步筛选了与抗氧化能力相关性较大的3个成分,可为臭灵丹草饮片质量控制提供依据。

高效3AP-DMEA-正丁醇-水相分离CO_(2)吸收剂的开发

燃煤电厂、钢铁企业等尾气中低浓度CO_(2)的排放控制是实现“碳中和”目标的关键。目前胺法捕获CO_(2)技术被认为是最有产业化应用前景的技术。为突破现有胺法在降能耗方面的技术瓶颈,旨在开发高效的相分离CO_(2)吸收剂。探究了伯/仲胺结构对与胺-正丁醇-水吸收剂吸收CO_(2)后分相特性的构效关系,研究了叔胺结构对3-氨基丙醇(3AP)-正丁醇(NBA)-水吸收-解吸和分相性能的作用规律。实验结果显示,3AP-NBA-H_(2)O吸收剂在富CO_(2)相黏度、胺分布、体积和相变临界点等方面均具有一定的优势,表明其具有良好的分相特性。添加叔胺可以明显降低富CO_(2)相黏度,同时提高单位体积溶液的CO_(2)循环容量和解吸率。新型20%3AP-10%N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)-40%NBA-30%H_(2)O相分离吸收剂的富相体积为61.2%,黏度仅为6.73 mPa·s,富相中胺的占比为91.2%,其解吸率和CO_(2)循环容量分别达72.00%和1.42 mol·L^(-1),分别比30%3AP-40%NBA-30%H_(2)O吸收剂提高了88.6%和86.8%,比30%单乙醇胺(MEA)溶液提高了46.8%和13.6%。