Fringe shaping for high-/low-reflectance surface in single-trial phase-shifting profilometry

This study describes a novel fringe-shaping technique developed to alleviate the fringe truncation problem engendered by the acquired saturated and/or weak fringe images from high-/low-reflectance surfaces of three-dimensional（3D） objects in phase-shifting profilometry. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to perform the recovery of the truncated fringes with optimal fitting for compensation after single-trial acquisition. The results show that the proposed method improves phase recovery accuracy to accomplish 3 D surface reconstruction with only one set of phase-shifting fringes under different truncation sceneries.

Nonlinear effect of the structured light profilometry in the phase-shifting method and error correction

Digital structured light （SL） profilometry is increasingly used in three-dimensional （3D） measurement technology. However, the nonlinearity of the off-the-shelf projectors and cameras seriously reduces the measurement accuracy. In this paper, first, we review the nonlinear effects of the projector-camera system in the phase-shifting structured light depth measurement method. We show that high order harmonic wave components lead to phase error in the phase-shifting method. Then a practical method based on frequency domain filtering is proposed for nonlinear error reduction. By using this method, the nonlinear calibration of the SL system is not required. Moreover, both the nonlinear effects of the projector and the camera can be effectively reduced. The simulations and experiments have verified our nonlinear correction method.

Error-CompensatingFive-SamplePhase-Shifting Algorithm Based on Phase-Shift Error Estimation

A new error compensating five sample phase shifting algorithm which is insensitive to phase shift error is proposed to retrieve the phase distribution of a fringe pattern. It includes two steps. First, the linear phase shift error is estimated using four sample images. Then, the phase distribution is calculated with error corrected by using the phase shift error estimated in the first step. As the equations of error estimation and phase calculation are simple, this new algorithm is practical as well as effective. Computer simulations were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. Results of two other well known error compensating algorithms are also presented, which show the new algorithm is the least sensitive to phase shift error.

DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT USING DUAL-FREQUENCY PROJECTION GRATING PHASE-SHIFT PROFILOMETRY

2π phase ambiguity problem is very important in phase measurement when a deformed object has a large out of plane displacement. The dual-frequency projection grating phaseshifting profilometry （PSP） can be used to solve such an issue. In the measurement, two properchosen frequency gratings are utilized to synthesize an equivalent wavelength grating which ensures the computed phase in a principal phase range. Thus, the error caused by the phase unwrapping process with the conventional phase reconstruct algorithm can be eliminated. Finally, experimental result of a specimen with large plastic deformation is given to prove that the proposed method is effective to handle the phase discontinuity.

An encryption scheme based on phase-shifting digital holography and amplitude-phase disturbance

In this paper, we propose an encryption scheme based on phase-shifting digital interferometry. According to the original system framework, we add a random amplitude mask and replace the Fourier transform by the Fresnel transform. We develop a mathematical model and give a discrete formula based on the scheme, which makes it easy to implement the scheme in computer programming. The experimental results show that the improved system has a better performance in security than the original encryption method. Moreover, it demonstrates a good capability of anti-noise and anti-shear robustness.

Phase-shifting digital holography in image reconstruction

A phase-shifting digital holography scheme developed to investigate internal defects in artworks is described. Phase-shifting is utilized to obtain a clear reconstructed object wave from a rough surface texture. A reverse-transform algorithm is employed to reconstruct the object wave on its original position of unknown distance or the imaging position from the object wave information on the holographic plane. To get the clearest reconstruction the exact registration of the unknown distance is determined by applying the intensity sum as the auto-focusing function, The spatial resolution of the reconstruction image is also investigated for a variety of affecting factors. Laboratory results of reconstruction images under deformation are presented.

Multiple-image encryption by two-step phase-shifting interferometry and spatial multiplexing of smooth compressed signal

A multiple-image encryption method based on two-step phase-shifting interferometry （PSI） and spatial multiplexing of a smooth compressed signal is proposed. In the encoding and encryption process, with the help of four index matrices to store original pixel positions, all the pixels of four secret images are firstly reordered in an ascending order; then, the four reordered images are transformed by five-order Haar wavelet transform and performed sparseness operation. After Arnold transform and pixels sampling operation, one combined image can be grouped with the aid of compressive sensing （CS） and spatial multiplexing techniques. Finally, putting the combined image at the input plane of the PSI encryption scheme, only two interferograms ciphertexts can be obtained. During the decoding and decryption, utilizing all the secret key groups and index matrices keys, all the original secret images can be successfully decrypted by a wave-front retrieval algorithm of two-step PSI, spatial de-multiplexing, inverse Arnold transform, inverse discrete wavelet transform, and pixels reordering operation.

Two-step phase-shifting Fresnel incoherent correlation holography based on discrete wavelet transform

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography(FINCH)has the ability to generate three-dimensional images with a superresolution by using incoherent sources.However,there are unwanted direct current term and twin image in interferograms,so it is of great significance to find a method to eliminate them.Phase-shifting technology is a most widely used technique for this task,but its three-step phase-shifting is not suitable for the instantaneous measurement of dynamic objects,and the quality of reconstructed image with the traditional two-step phase-shifting is lower.In this paper,we present a method of enhancing the resolution through using a two-step phase-shifting technology based on the discrete wavelet transform.After two-step phase-shifting,the resulting hologram is a superposition of multiple forms.The frequency of the resulting hologram is decomposed into different levels through using discrete wavelet transform,then the image is reconstructed after retrieving the low frequency band.Various experiments have verified the effectiveness of this method.

Three-step self-calibrating generalized phase-shifting interferometry

An accurate and fast three-step self-calibrating generalized phase-shifting interferomertry(SGPSI) is proposed. In this approach, two new phase-shifting signals are constructed by the difference interferograms normalization and noise suppressing, then the unknown phase shift between the two difference phase-shifting signals is estimated quickly through searching the minimum coefficient of variation of the modulation amplitude, a limited number of pixels are selected to participate in the search process to further save time, and finally the phase is reconstructed through the searched phase shift. Through the reconstruction of phase map by the simulation and experiment, and the comparison with several mature algorithms, the good performance of the proposed algorithm is proved, and it eliminates the limitation of requiring more than three phase-shifting interferograms for high-precision SGPSI. We expect this method to be widely used in the future.

Research on the Intelligent Control Strategy of the Fuel Cell Phase-Shifting Full-Bridge Power Electronics DC-DC Converter

focus of all countries.As an effective new energy,the fuel cell has attracted the attention of scholars.However,due to the particularity of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC),the performance of traditional PI controlled phase-shifted full-bridge power electronics DC-DC converter cannot meet the needs of practical application.In order to further improve the dynamic performance of the converter,this paper first introduces several main topologies of the current mainstream front-end DC-DC converter,and analyzes their performance in the fuel cell system.Then,the operation process of the phase-shifted fullbridge power electronics DC-DC converter is introduced,and the shortcomings of the traditional PI control are analyzed.Finally,a double closed-loop adaptive fuzzy PI controller is proposed,which is characterized by dynamically adjusting PI parameters according to different working states to complete the intelligent control of phase-shifted full-bridge DC-DC converter.The simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the proposed algorithm has good a control effect.Compared with the traditional algorithm,the overshoot and stabilization time of the system are shorter.The algorithm can effectively suppress the fluctuation of the output current of the fuel cell converter,and is a very practical control method.

彩色光栅投影的三维轮廓自动化测量研究

为了测量物体的三维轮廓数据,提出一种基于改进彩色光栅投影三维轮廓测量技术,并利用DLP来投影彩色光栅条纹到被测物体上来测量被测物体的高度,由于DLP的投射范围太大,无法直接投射在微小物体上,因此通过自行改装的方式改变DLP的投射范围,将其投影面积限制在约20×20 mm内,使其能覆盖整个被测物体。但由于改装时所选用的DLP镜头并不是针对DLP而设计的,因此容易产生光场分布不均的情况,可对无光栅图像或有彩色光栅图像进行光场补偿,使光栅图像更为清楚,用于对被测物体进行更准确的三维轮廓测量与重建分析计算,且获取被测物体的三维数据精度可达2μm,速度在0.024 s内。实验结果表明,该方法具有更高的速度、灵敏度及适用性。

基于轮廓测量的牙膏磨损性测定法的研发概述

牙膏中的磨料是提供牙膏清洁力的主要成分之一。恰当的磨料种类选择以及添加量的设定可以为消费者提供良好的牙齿清洁效果,甚至达到较佳的外源性色斑的去除而美白牙齿。然而,不当的磨料添加会导致过度磨损牙齿,从而引起安全性问题。因此,制定方便有效的牙膏磨损性测定法一直是业界的需求。然而,由于实验条件等限制,国际上惯用的示踪法(RDA)无法在国内实施。本文介绍了一种优化后的基于轮廓仪测量法开发的RDA替代方法Radioactive Dentin Abrasivity–Profilometry Equivalent (简称RDA-PE),并对RDA-PE方法的建立、方法学验证以及与RDA方法间的关系进行了简要的介绍.。同时,对RDA-PE方法用于测定牙膏产品摩擦型性能的可行性进行了讨论。

Adaptive Layout Partitioning for Dark Field Alternating Phase-Shift Mask Design

A new partitioning methodology is presented to accelerate 130nm and beyond large scale alternating phase shift mask(Alt PSM) design flow.This method deals with granularity self adaptively.Phase conflicts resolution approaches are described and strategies guaranteeing phase compatible during layout compaction are also discussed.An efficient CAD prototype for dark field Alt PSM based on these algorithms is implemented.The experimental results on several industry layouts show that the tool can successfully cope with the rapid growth of phase conflicts with good quality and satisfy lower resource consumption with different requirements of precision and speedup.

基于质量引导的枝切法相位解包裹算法

相位解包裹是相位测量轮廓术中数据处理的关键。文中在传统Goldstein枝切法的基础上提出了一种质量引导的枝切法相位解包裹算法,旨在获得更加精确的相位解包裹结果。采用包裹相位的二阶微分作为残差检测原理的补充参数,将包裹相位二阶微分中的突变点视为无极性残差点,并利用调制度作为残差点有效性的判断依据,将低调制度的残差点视为具有更高的有效性进行局部优化以降低残差点的密度。优化后的等效残差点连接成枝切线以阻挡误差传播。采用调制度计算像素点的质量以引导相位解包裹的顺序,在解包裹路径绕开枝切线的同时优先展开高质量区域的像素点。实验结果表明,文中算法的相位解包裹结果具有更高的准确性和竞争力。

基于条纹投影的复杂结构多维度信息传感技术(内封面文章·特邀)

随着精密加工和智能制造业的高速发展,在航空航天、汽车工业、工业检测等领域中,对复杂结构,例如:发动机组件、蜂窝结构件等在生产制造与使用过程中的形貌、形变及应变等多维度信息的测量需求日益增加。最近兴起的数字图像相关辅助条纹投影技术已被证明在复杂结构的形貌和形变测量方面具有独特优势。但目前由于两类方法各自不同的技术特点,基于两者结合的形貌、形变测量方法在测量精度、效率等方面存在诸多矛盾,难以兼顾高分辨率、多维度的测量需求,阻碍了该类技术进一步拓展应用。综述了课题组近年来发展的基于条纹投影的复杂结构多维度信息传感技术及最新的研究进展,系统回顾了两类方法结合时的条纹与散斑信息干扰、原始纹理被破坏、编码效率低等技术难点,并总结了对应的解决方案,最终实现了对复合材料编织结构、颗粒膨胀减震结构以及层叠结构等复杂结构的多维度信息传感。文中所提方法在不增加额外硬件的前提下,将传统条纹投影测量系统升级为多维度信息传感系统,可以同时测量2D纹理(T)、4D形貌(x,y,z,t)以及分析维度力学参数(形变d和应变s),突破了复杂结构高分辨率、高精度纹理形貌重建与形变应变分析的技术壁垒,有望在复杂结构可靠性分析、复合材料性能评估等领域中得到应用。

基于条纹投影轮廓术的航空高光零件三维测量技术

针对航空工业零件高光表面结构光三维测量中强反光和多次反光问题,提出了基于高动态多步相移和单像素成像相结合的三维测量技术,有效地解决了测量复杂反光表面时的点云缺失和精度下降问题。对标准量块进行三维测量和精度评价,基于高动态多步相移的三维测量技术拟合均方根误差为0.0066 mm,基于单像素成像的三维测量技术拟合均方根误差为0.0046 mm。以台阶标准器作为测量目标,开展绝对尺寸测量精度验证试验,绝对偏差不大于0.007 mm。分别对金属表面结构件(如航空发动机叶轮、涡轮叶片)和碳纤维结构件进行测量试验。试验结果表明,三维测量结果基本无点云缺失,强反光和多次反光区域均获取了完整的点云数据,实现了航空工业高光零件的精密三维测量。

用于高反光表面三维重建的多任务学习方法

在基于多任务学习的高反光表面单序列投射相移轮廓术中,网络参数在优化初期往往受到过曝区域相位缺失的直接影响,进而导致网络性能受损。提出一种多任务学习方法,把网络对于折叠相位图中非过曝区域和过曝区域的拟合看作不同任务,分别计算其梯度值用于网络参数更新,并引入pareto最优化用于更新任务权值向量。同时,由于两个任务的优先级之间存在明显的先验关系,传统针对平行任务的pareto最优化理论不适用于本场景,因此提出了一种动态更新任务优先级的多任务权值搜索策略,用于根据当前学习情况自适应地更新超参数,尽量避免由于任务梯度冲突导致的网络震荡。验证实验与对比实验的结果表明,将该优化方法引入现有多任务学习框架以后,网络收敛速度得到了显著提高;同时,由于减轻了过曝区域对网络参数拟合的不利影响,该权值搜索策略最终实现了更加平滑和稠密的重建结果。

基于离焦度解包裹的结构光三维测量方法

基于结构光相位解包裹三维测量方法由于其精度较高而有广泛应用,但由于相位在超出2π时会被折叠,导致传统的结构光三维重建时需要相位解包裹。相位测量轮廓术在不连续深度处的解包裹相位较为复杂。当被测物体表面存在较大的深度差或者是测量多个平面时,由于包裹相位范围为[0,2π],在不连续处计算的相位差中存在折叠了多个2π的问题,导致解包裹失效。相位测量轮廓术在此时无准确表达物体位置信息。针对此问题,提出了一种基于离焦度解包裹的结构光三维测量方法,采用24步相移法获取包裹相位,通过时间散焦分析法确定包裹相位2π的个数来辅助进行解包裹计算。搭建了相应平台进行了实验,对所提方法进行验证。实验表明,方法较好的解决了相位测量轮廓术在深度落差较大时不能准确表达物体位置的问题,该方法可以用于获得深度落差较大场景的深度信息以及细节信息。

Arbitrary n-step phase-shifting Fourier single-pixel imaging

In this Letter,we innovatively present general analytical expressions for arbitrary n-step phase-shifting Fourier single-pixel imaging(FSI).We also design experiments capable of implementing arbitrary n-step phase-shifting FSI and compare the experimental results,including the image quality,for 3-to 6-step phase-shifting cases without loss of generality.These results suggest that,compared to the 4-step method,these FSI approaches with a larger number of steps exhibit enhanced robustness against noise while ensuring no increase in data-acquisition time.These approaches provide us with more strategies to perform FSI for different steps,which could offer guidance in balancing the tradeoff between the image quality and the number of steps encountered in the application of FSI.

基于结构光的三维重建研究方法

随着测量技术的不断发展,快速且精准地获取物体三维信息成为研究的热点。传统测量方法存在精度有限且需要在被测物体上添加传感器的问题。因此,提出了根据正弦条纹结构光投影时条纹产生的形变,采用相依轮廓术对目标物的三维重建。在提出的模型中,实验结果表明,在重建精度和测量速度等方面都有着优越的性能。