A Review of the Ecology and Biology of Chinese Pangolin(Manis pentadactyla)

Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla) has important value in Chinese medicine,economy and ecology.At present,Chinese pangolin is about to go extinct due to over hunting and habitat destruction,which has caused a dramatic decline in the wild population.Breeding Chinese pangolin in captivity is very difficult and has not succeeded yet.This paper is to review the wild population,habitat,foraging,activity rhythm,breeding and physiology of Chinese pangolin.It provides theoretical basis of ecology and biology for the protection and artificial domestication of Chinese pangolin.Meanwhile,given the demands of protection,future research directions are suggested.

An Explorer of Chemical Biology of Plant Natural Products in Southwest China,Xiaojiang Hao

Xiaojiang Hao,who obtained Master Degree from Kunming Institute of Botany(KIB),Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)in 1985,and Doctor in Pharmacy degree in Pharmacy from Institute for Chemical Research,Kyoto University,in 1990,was born in Chongqing in July,1951.In 1991,he returned to KIB,CAS,as an Associate professor and served as the chair of the Department of Phytochemistry.In 1994,he was promoted to a full professor at the current institute.He served as the Deputy Director of KIB and the Director of Open Laboratory of Phytochemistry from 1995 to 1997,and the Director of KIB from 1997 to 2005.Professor Hao has published more than 450 peer-reviewed SCI papers,which have been cited over 6000 times.He has obtained one PCT patent and 23 patents in China.Due to his tremendous efforts,one candidate drug,phenchlobenpyrrone,has entered the Phase II clinical trail for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.Moreover,he won the First Prize of Natural Sciences in Yunnan Province for three times,and Ho Leung Ho Lee Fund Science and Technology Innovation Award in 2017.

Integration of ecology and biology for the management of rodents: International perspectives 2

Most papers presented in this, the previous and thenext special issue of Integrative Zoology were presentedat the 3rd International Conference on Rodent Biologyand Management (3rd ICRBM) that was held in earlyAugust in Hanoi, Vietnam 20061 . The conference attractedan international audience of 130 participants from35 countries and provided an opportunity for all participantsto refresh and update their knowledge of scientific,technical and extension developments in the field ofrodent biology. There were about 110 spoken papers andabout 50 posters. The three main themes of the conferencewere (1) rodent biology, (2) rodent ecology, and (3)rodent management.

Evolutionary ecology of microsporidia associated with the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis

Invasive species are characterized by the rapid growth and spread of their populations after establishing a foothold in new habitats, and there are now many examples of such species negatively affecting biodiversity and the economy. It is unclear why some species can become successful invaders, whereas most （even if closely related） remain noninvasive. We previously proposed a hypothesis that parasites associated with invading species can promote their invasive success if they are harmless toward the invaders but harmful to their competitors and/or predators in the newly colonized habitat. Here we discuss whether microsporidia that have recently been discovered in the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis contribute to its invasive success. We show that all H. axyridis beetles sourced from diverse collection sites all over the world carry abundant microsporidia. This suggests that both native and invasive H. axyridis populations are associated with these tolerated parasites, which were likely to have existed in native populations before expansion rather than being acquired in newly colonized areas. We describe the pathogenesis of the microsporidia during different developmental stages of H. axyridis and we address the possibility that the predation of its infected eggs and larvae by competing native ladybird species may lead to their infection and ultimately to their decline. Finally, we discuss our initial hypothesis： microsporidia that are tolerated by an invasive vector insect can be active against susceptible native competitors and/or predator species.

Study on Bio-Ecology of the Spider Clubiona corrugate

Objective] Field and laboratory observation was conducted to investigate Clubiona corrugate. [Method] The trials investigated the bio-ecology and behavior of the spider C. corrugate. [Result] The spider overwintered with spiderlings, adults and instars turn into adults after 6-8 molts. It had 2-3 generations each year in Hunan, and it owned the character of overlapping of generation in paddies. The average duration of generations of C. corrugate was 158.2 days, and the survival days av-eraged 223.2 days. The female and male mated several times without cannibalistic behavior, average number of eggs female laid throughout its adult life was 371.5, and hatchability can get 85.4%. The sex ratio was 1∶1. Its capability of resistance to starvation and drought was strong. Through indoor observation, the spider can sur-vive 25-61 days under the condition of no water and food. [Conclusion] The behav-ior of C. corrugate was also recorded in detail, and female usual y has a strong a-bility to protect their egg-sacs and spiderlings. At present, the bio-ecology and be-havior of the spider C. corrugate had not been reported.

EcologyofmacrobenthosinthesouthofZhejiangcoastalwaters

为了解浙江南部近岸海域海洋生态环境质量的现状及其变化趋势，2009年4月对浙江南部近岸海域的12个站位进行了大型底栖生物的分类、组成、丰度、生物量以及多样性的研究．应用Bray—Curtis相似性系数聚类和多维尺度排序，对浙江南部近岸海域的大型底栖生物进行群落划分；采用丰度生物量比较法分析群落的稳定性；并研究了对大型底栖生物产生影响的主要环境因子．本次调查共鉴定大型底栖生物109种，多毛类、软体动物和甲壳动物构成主要类群．平均生物量为23．38g／m^2，平均丰度为335．5ind／m^2，平均生物多样性指数为2．69．数量组成：生物量以软体动物居首（13．29g／m^2），鱼类次之（3．68g／m^2）；丰度以多毛类居首（268．0ind／m^2），软体动物次之（51．7ind／m^2）．浙江南部近岸海域可划分为3个群落．与环境因子进行相关性分析表明，有机污染含量、深度、溶解氧含量、盐度和悬浮物含量是对浙江南部近岸海域大型底栖生物产生影响的主要环境因子．总体上，除了瓯江口和乐清湾海域受到一定扰动，浙江南部近岸海域大型底栖生物环境质量较好，群落结构较为稳定．

基于产业视角的合成生物学发展态势研究

近年来,受技术突破、政策支持、产业和资本跟进等因素驱动,合成生物学迅速从实验室走向市场,迎来产业化发展的关键时期。本文梳理了2020年以来国内外相关战略规划、政策法规、市场动态、商业合作和金融投资等信息,从产业视角对合成生物学发展态势进行分析。政府方面,合成生物学成为各国生物经济战略中的关键引擎,应用于医药、化工、材料、农业、食品等关联行业的技术路线和规划目标进一步清晰,支持新技术新产品商业化的监管机制不断优化,技术管控和科技安全问题受到关注。市场方面,基于合成生物学的实用成果相继迎来商业化“里程碑”,合成生物企业与传统制造企业“双向奔赴”、协同合作日益紧密,市场投资保持信心并趋于商业理性,有利产业发展的健康生态正加快完善。为加快推动我国合成生物学产业发展,建议进一步研究制定关键领域技术路线,支持底层使能技术、产业核心关键技术与核心装备攻关,推动重点行业应用示范,增强先进生物制造设施、数据资源等能力建设,鼓励各方共建有利合成生物产业化发展的产业生态。

长江流域青海区域水生生物完整性评价

依据《长江流域水生生物完整性指数评价办法(试行)》的要求和指标,通过梳理历史记录和文献,厘清了长江流域青海区域水生生物完整性评价的基准值;于2022年开展全面系统地野外调查,并对研究区域的水生生物完整性进行了评价。结果显示:长江流域青海区域鱼类种类基准值为20种,鱼类种类现状值为19种;长江在青海省境内的长江源河段、大渡河源河段,以及长江流域青海区域整体的水生生物完整性得分分别为88.22,82.67分和81.56分,完整性等级均为“良”。其中,长江源河段历史有记录以来的15种鱼类在此次调查中均被发现,反映长江源流域水生生物群落受人类干扰较少,重点保护物种完整。研究区域鱼类栖息地生境良好,但主要制约完整性的因素是水电站对河流的阻隔、外来物种入侵和关键物种川陕哲罗鲑的缺失。研究结果可为全面评估长江水生态完整性提供青海区域的基础数据,还可为科学评估长江十年禁捕成效、针对性开展水域生态修复提供科学依据。

海洋生物生态工程类课程教学创新设计

“海洋生物学”和“海洋生态修复”是涉海高校本科生两门非常重要的海洋生物生态工程类课程。遵循“以学生为中心”OBE教育理念和“两性一度”金课标准创新设计教学内容,依据“教师主导、学生主体,线上自学、线下面授,课程思政三精途径”原则创新设计教学过程和方法,采用过程性评价与终结性评价相结合策略创新设计考评并及时和精准给予反馈。基于上述教学环节创新设计,经过多轮迭代式课程建设探索实践,开展基于翻转课堂的线上线下混合式课程思政教学,提高人才培养质量,落实立德树人根本任务。

厦门下潭尾红树“实验林”研究成果分析和启示

为了研究林鹏院士2005年在厦门市下潭尾开展的红树林“实验林”对厦门市红树林红树林生态修复工作的指导作用,本研究分析了该“实验林”的乡土种秋茄(Kandelia obovata)和引进种无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)生态恢复影响、乡土种与引进种不同搭配种植模式的生态效果,以及其各阶段植被演变的状况。结果表明,无瓣海桑在厦门海域扩散能力差,未见生态入侵的危害,并有逐渐生态归化趋势;通过加强监控、扬长避短,因地制宜、分区施策、适地适树,合理规划,可以充分发挥外来植物的正面作用。

论三生艺术

以艺术的整体视野观之,艺术与“三生”(生态—生物—生命)的关系是一体的,无论是过去、现在还是将来。然而,随着分析时代的学科细致化过程,与其他学科一样,艺术在现代教育的体制中呈现出“专业化”趋向,画地为牢、各自为政的态势人为地将整体拆解成零部件。然而,随着全球化的加速到来,“三生危机”成为世界危机,这不仅需要科学—学科重新整合起来面对挑战,也促使我们对艺术学科的重新反思。“三生艺术”正是笔者在这样的背景下提出,以就教于学术界。

生态与环境实验教学培养科学探究能力的策略与实践

以生态与环境实验教学为例,创设科学探究情境,在教与学的过程中,开展真实的研究体验和不同形式的反思活动,重视数学方法处理数据与分析实验结果,更好地提升教与学的有效性,落实生物学科学探究能力的培养。

厦门筼筜湖不同修复时期人工秋茄林的碳储量

1999年起,厦门筼筜湖开展了多次红树林人工修复的种植工作以进行该湖的环境治理。这些人工修复的红树林生长状况良好,使得筼筜湖生态修复成为国内成功的典范案例。为探究不同修复时期人工红树林碳储量的变化规律并获得筼筜湖人工修复红树林碳汇能力的基础数据,本研究对筼筜湖4片不同林龄(10、11、12、14 a)的人工秋茄(Kandelia obovata)林地(对应林龄分别编号为P10、P11、P12、P14)进行碳[植株组分碳、凋落物碳和沉积物总有机碳(TOC)]储量的分析。结果表明:单株红树植物秋茄生物量、林地单位面积生物量及年凋落物产量均随着林龄的增长而增加。植株组分的平均碳含量随着林龄的增长而增加,P14(346.29 g/kg)>P12(327.93 g/kg)>P11(313.63 g/kg)>P10(297.84 g/kg)。凋落物平均碳含量与林龄也呈现类似的正相关关系,P14(310.28 g/kg)>P12(300.44 g/kg)>P11(282.28 g/kg)>P10(279.22 g/kg)。沉积物中TOC含量为5.13~12.02 g/kg,呈垂直向下递减的分布格局。沉积物TOC含量随着林龄的增长而增大,同一深度不同林龄沉积物中的TOC含量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。在不同修复时期的人工林中,林龄对各组分的碳储量及碳密度有显著的影响。本研究有助于进一步理解潟湖人工修复红树林的动态发育过程和生态系统服务功能。有关不同修复时期潟湖人工红树林碳储量的研究对红树林的保护和修复具有重要的科学意义。

Abundance of White-fronted Parrots and diet of an urban parrot assemblage(Aves:Psittaciformes)in a green Neotropical city

Urban ecosystems are evolutionarily recent novel environments acting as biodiversity filters.Psittacidae birds are considered successful urban adapters mainly due to their generalist feeding and opportunistic behavior,allowing them to occupy environments from cold temperate to dry xeric areas.Therefore,it is important to understand how these species interact in the urban environment.We studied the interannual(2013–2016)abundance of the White-fronted Parrot(Amazona albifrons)in the Neotropical cities of Xalapa and Coatepec,in Central Veracruz,México.Additionally,we studied the feeding ecology during 13 months of 6 parrot species detected in the city of Xalapa.The abundance of the White-fronted Parrot was significantly higher in Xalapa than in Coatepec,and it was homogeneous across years.Non-native plants represented 30–41%of Psittacidae diets in Xalapa,where seeds were the most commonly consumed resource.We recorded the highest Psittacidae species richness and highest diet overlap among species by the end of the dry season(April–May).The White-fronted Parrot had the highest plant richness in its diet,followed by the Monk Parakeet(Myiopsitta monachus)and the Green Parakeet(Psittacara holochlorus);yet,the White-fronted Parrot had a specialized diet dominated by two plant species(Grevillea robusta and Ficus aurea).The diet overlap among the three above-mentioned parrot species was not significantly different to a null model,where the White-fronted Parrot and the Monk Parakeet overlapped during the months of February,April,June,and September.The White-fronted Parrot is an urban adapter that has successfully expanded its geographic range via natural means and by human activities.The invasive Monk Parakeet is currently restricted to one park in Xalapa,and it has remained in that stage for many years(i.e.,pre-expansion phase).Exotic plant species in Xalapa represent∼55%of the woody vegetation,some of which have longer flowering and fruiting periods that may have aided the successful establishment of parrot species in urban environments.

“人类与地球生态环境”生态文明教育校本课程的开发

以“人类与地球生态环境”校本课程为例,介绍该校本课程的主体设计与实施方式,分享了在教学中体现人地共生理念的3个典型案例。希望通过该课程的学习能帮助学生更多地思考人地关系、人地相处模式,并逐渐成为生态文明的建设者。

中山大学生物学学科百年发展史(1924—2024)

中山大学生物学学科从1924年至今已走过百年历程,历史悠久,成绩斐然,涌现出陈焕镛、罗宗洛、朱洗、蒲蛰龙、陈心陶、张宏达、林浩然等杰出科学家、教育家。经历了创业初期的不易、高校内迁的艰辛、院系调整岭大生物学科并入的受益,也经历了陈焕镛和植物研究所调出的削弱、蒲蛰龙调入的补强。改革开放后,屈良鹄、徐安龙等一批学人归国创业,学科梯队建设成效明显。生物学科研究人员始终坚持面向国家重大科研需求和国际科学发展前沿,紧密围绕关键问题,在寄生虫研究与实践、生物防治、植物区系与分类、水产养殖、作物育种、RNA组学、生物多样性等多个学科领域开展了创新性研究与实践,为我国科学事业发展与进步作出了贡献。动物学、昆虫学、植物学、生物化学与分子生物学先后成为国家重点学科。2017年开始,中大生物学和生态学均成为“双一流”建设学科,进入学科建设国家梯队。

电视媒体素材在初中生态文明教育中的应用

官方电视媒体通过引导式解读参与形塑了公民对环境问题、生态文明观的认知过程。生物学教师应结合课程目标要求,有意识地搜集、积累官方电视媒体资源中与生态文明教育相关的内容,梳理、提炼有益于教学的素材情境,引导学生从系统、全局、跨学科的思维视角学习环境问题解决、绿色发展实践、生态政策制定中的思维方法,感受人与自然和谐共生的重要意义。

Laboratory-based flight performance of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda

In late 2018,the fall armyworm(FAW)Spodoptera frugiperda Smith(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)made its arrival in China and its populations have since proliferated across most of eastern Asia.While S.frugiperda exhibits a considerable dispersal capacity and engages in long-distance migration,there’s only scant information on the species’flight capability.Here,we empirically assessed S.frugiperda flight activity under varying climatic conditions using a flight mill.More specifically,under laboratory conditions,FAW exhibited superior flight performance at 20-25℃ and 60-90%relative humidity(RH).When quantifying flight performance over five consecutive nights(i.e.,10 h/night),all flight parameters initially increased and then gradually dropped and FAW adults attained a total flight distance,duration and velocity equal to 63.73 km(48.42-94.12 km)(median,quartile range),24.12 h(20.87-27.73 h)and 2.73 km h^(-1)(2.13-3.33 km h^(-1)),respectively.Our work constitutes a first comprehensive assessment of S.frugiperda flight performance and provides baseline information for future efforts to forecast spatiotemporal changes in its geographical distribution,movement patterns and invasion trajectories.Such can ultimately permit a timely and targeted deployment of area-wide pest management measures against this newly-invasive pest in China and across eastern Asia.

Flight activity promotes reproductive processes in the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda

The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),has invaded many countries in Africa and Asia since 2016,posing a major threat to world food security.Long-distance migration and strong reproductive ability form the biological basis of its rapid population expansion,but the relationship between the flight and reproduction of FAW has not been studied in depth.Here,an empirical assessment of this relationship in an invasive FAW population in China found that 1-3-day-old adults which had undergone 10-h tethered flights had a significantly shorter pre-oviposition period and greater oviposition synchronization,but did not show any differences in fecundity,oviposition period,mating percentage or other reproductive variables.Further studies on moths after 1.25-15-h tethered flights indicated that the reproductive process of adults could be fully triggered by flight activity longer than 2.5 h.Dissection of the reproductive organs also showed that tethered flight promoted ovarian and testicular development of FAW.These results show that appropriate moth flight activity significantly speeds up the reproductive process of FAW,which increases our knowledge on its migratory biology in relation to regional outbreaks.

基于UbD的初中生生态意识培养策略——以“调查周边环境中的生物”项目式学习为例

当前,初中生物学教学中学生生态意识培养存在流于单纯的观念输入、缺少实践以及难以满足学生研究和发展需求等问题。以人教版《生物学》七年级上册“调查周边环境中的生物”的具体教学实践为例,基于UbD理论,设计“校园生物多样性调查”的项目式学习,促使学生通过实地调查、数据收集等活动,提升生物学科核心素养,培养生态意识。