Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla) has important value in Chinese medicine,economy and ecology.At present,Chinese pangolin is about to go extinct due to over hunting and habitat destruction,which has caused a dramat...Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla) has important value in Chinese medicine,economy and ecology.At present,Chinese pangolin is about to go extinct due to over hunting and habitat destruction,which has caused a dramatic decline in the wild population.Breeding Chinese pangolin in captivity is very difficult and has not succeeded yet.This paper is to review the wild population,habitat,foraging,activity rhythm,breeding and physiology of Chinese pangolin.It provides theoretical basis of ecology and biology for the protection and artificial domestication of Chinese pangolin.Meanwhile,given the demands of protection,future research directions are suggested.展开更多
Xiaojiang Hao,who obtained Master Degree from Kunming Institute of Botany(KIB),Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)in 1985,and Doctor in Pharmacy degree in Pharmacy from Institute for Chemical Research,Kyoto University,in...Xiaojiang Hao,who obtained Master Degree from Kunming Institute of Botany(KIB),Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)in 1985,and Doctor in Pharmacy degree in Pharmacy from Institute for Chemical Research,Kyoto University,in 1990,was born in Chongqing in July,1951.In 1991,he returned to KIB,CAS,as an Associate professor and served as the chair of the Department of Phytochemistry.In 1994,he was promoted to a full professor at the current institute.He served as the Deputy Director of KIB and the Director of Open Laboratory of Phytochemistry from 1995 to 1997,and the Director of KIB from 1997 to 2005.Professor Hao has published more than 450 peer-reviewed SCI papers,which have been cited over 6000 times.He has obtained one PCT patent and 23 patents in China.Due to his tremendous efforts,one candidate drug,phenchlobenpyrrone,has entered the Phase II clinical trail for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.Moreover,he won the First Prize of Natural Sciences in Yunnan Province for three times,and Ho Leung Ho Lee Fund Science and Technology Innovation Award in 2017.展开更多
Most papers presented in this, the previous and thenext special issue of Integrative Zoology were presentedat the 3rd International Conference on Rodent Biologyand Management (3rd ICRBM) that was held in earlyAugust i...Most papers presented in this, the previous and thenext special issue of Integrative Zoology were presentedat the 3rd International Conference on Rodent Biologyand Management (3rd ICRBM) that was held in earlyAugust in Hanoi, Vietnam 20061 . The conference attractedan international audience of 130 participants from35 countries and provided an opportunity for all participantsto refresh and update their knowledge of scientific,technical and extension developments in the field ofrodent biology. There were about 110 spoken papers andabout 50 posters. The three main themes of the conferencewere (1) rodent biology, (2) rodent ecology, and (3)rodent management.展开更多
Invasive species are characterized by the rapid growth and spread of their populations after establishing a foothold in new habitats, and there are now many examples of such species negatively affecting biodiversity a...Invasive species are characterized by the rapid growth and spread of their populations after establishing a foothold in new habitats, and there are now many examples of such species negatively affecting biodiversity and the economy. It is unclear why some species can become successful invaders, whereas most （even if closely related） remain noninvasive. We previously proposed a hypothesis that parasites associated with invading species can promote their invasive success if they are harmless toward the invaders but harmful to their competitors and/or predators in the newly colonized habitat. Here we discuss whether microsporidia that have recently been discovered in the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis contribute to its invasive success. We show that all H. axyridis beetles sourced from diverse collection sites all over the world carry abundant microsporidia. This suggests that both native and invasive H. axyridis populations are associated with these tolerated parasites, which were likely to have existed in native populations before expansion rather than being acquired in newly colonized areas. We describe the pathogenesis of the microsporidia during different developmental stages of H. axyridis and we address the possibility that the predation of its infected eggs and larvae by competing native ladybird species may lead to their infection and ultimately to their decline. Finally, we discuss our initial hypothesis： microsporidia that are tolerated by an invasive vector insect can be active against susceptible native competitors and/or predator species.展开更多
Urban ecosystems are evolutionarily recent novel environments acting as biodiversity filters.Psittacidae birds are considered successful urban adapters mainly due to their generalist feeding and opportunistic behavior...Urban ecosystems are evolutionarily recent novel environments acting as biodiversity filters.Psittacidae birds are considered successful urban adapters mainly due to their generalist feeding and opportunistic behavior,allowing them to occupy environments from cold temperate to dry xeric areas.Therefore,it is important to understand how these species interact in the urban environment.We studied the interannual(2013–2016)abundance of the White-fronted Parrot(Amazona albifrons)in the Neotropical cities of Xalapa and Coatepec,in Central Veracruz,México.Additionally,we studied the feeding ecology during 13 months of 6 parrot species detected in the city of Xalapa.The abundance of the White-fronted Parrot was significantly higher in Xalapa than in Coatepec,and it was homogeneous across years.Non-native plants represented 30–41%of Psittacidae diets in Xalapa,where seeds were the most commonly consumed resource.We recorded the highest Psittacidae species richness and highest diet overlap among species by the end of the dry season(April–May).The White-fronted Parrot had the highest plant richness in its diet,followed by the Monk Parakeet(Myiopsitta monachus)and the Green Parakeet(Psittacara holochlorus);yet,the White-fronted Parrot had a specialized diet dominated by two plant species(Grevillea robusta and Ficus aurea).The diet overlap among the three above-mentioned parrot species was not significantly different to a null model,where the White-fronted Parrot and the Monk Parakeet overlapped during the months of February,April,June,and September.The White-fronted Parrot is an urban adapter that has successfully expanded its geographic range via natural means and by human activities.The invasive Monk Parakeet is currently restricted to one park in Xalapa,and it has remained in that stage for many years(i.e.,pre-expansion phase).Exotic plant species in Xalapa represent∼55%of the woody vegetation,some of which have longer flowering and fruiting periods that may have aided the successful establishment of parrot species in urban environments.展开更多
2022年3—9月,在浙江省淳安县开展了两栖和爬行动物资源调查,并分析其多样性特征。结果表明:(1)两栖和爬行动物共记录到4目24科57属69种,其中两栖动物美洲牛蛙Rana catesbeiana、爬行动物红耳彩龟Trachemys scripta elegans和拟鳄龟Chel...2022年3—9月,在浙江省淳安县开展了两栖和爬行动物资源调查,并分析其多样性特征。结果表明:(1)两栖和爬行动物共记录到4目24科57属69种,其中两栖动物美洲牛蛙Rana catesbeiana、爬行动物红耳彩龟Trachemys scripta elegans和拟鳄龟Chelydra serpentina为外来物种,实际记录本地两栖动物2目9科22属28种1818只,本地爬行动物2目15科35属41种3120只;其中,单型科有12个,单型属有48个,国家二级保护动物有6种,浙江省重点保护野生动物有16种,说明淳安县两栖和爬行动物具有较高的保护价值;15个优势种均为经济价值低的小型动物或者有人工养殖存在的物种,说明淳安县大多数两栖和爬行动物承受着较大的生态环境压力。(2)按动物地理区系类型分,淳安县两栖和爬行动物表现出偏向东洋界的特征,东洋界类型有57种,占淳安县两栖和爬行动物总种数的86.36%,其中,华中华南区物种有37种(占56.06%),南中国型物种有42种(占63.64%)。(3)按生态类群分,淳安县两栖动物以流水型物种为主,共10种,占两栖动物总种数的37.04%,爬行动物以陆栖型和陆栖树栖型物种为主,共24种,占淳安县爬行动物总种数的61.54%;陆栖流水型和水栖型中,两栖动物占比极显著的高于爬行动物(P<0.01);而陆栖型中,爬行动物占比极显著的高于两栖动物(P<0.01)。以上分析说明两栖动物偏喜湿地环境,而爬行动物偏喜陆地环境。因此,淳安县两栖动物面临更大的挑战,对其保护显得更为迫切,建议优先开展湿地生态环境的治理与保护。展开更多
In late 2018,the fall armyworm(FAW)Spodoptera frugiperda Smith(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)made its arrival in China and its populations have since proliferated across most of eastern Asia.While S.frugiperda exhibits a cons...In late 2018,the fall armyworm(FAW)Spodoptera frugiperda Smith(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)made its arrival in China and its populations have since proliferated across most of eastern Asia.While S.frugiperda exhibits a considerable dispersal capacity and engages in long-distance migration,there’s only scant information on the species’flight capability.Here,we empirically assessed S.frugiperda flight activity under varying climatic conditions using a flight mill.More specifically,under laboratory conditions,FAW exhibited superior flight performance at 20-25℃ and 60-90%relative humidity(RH).When quantifying flight performance over five consecutive nights(i.e.,10 h/night),all flight parameters initially increased and then gradually dropped and FAW adults attained a total flight distance,duration and velocity equal to 63.73 km(48.42-94.12 km)(median,quartile range),24.12 h(20.87-27.73 h)and 2.73 km h^(-1)(2.13-3.33 km h^(-1)),respectively.Our work constitutes a first comprehensive assessment of S.frugiperda flight performance and provides baseline information for future efforts to forecast spatiotemporal changes in its geographical distribution,movement patterns and invasion trajectories.Such can ultimately permit a timely and targeted deployment of area-wide pest management measures against this newly-invasive pest in China and across eastern Asia.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470570)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(cstc2014jcyj A80013)+1 种基金Science Foundation of Chongqing Education Commission(kj1400534)Chongqing Creative Program for Graduate Students(CYS15155)
文摘Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla) has important value in Chinese medicine,economy and ecology.At present,Chinese pangolin is about to go extinct due to over hunting and habitat destruction,which has caused a dramatic decline in the wild population.Breeding Chinese pangolin in captivity is very difficult and has not succeeded yet.This paper is to review the wild population,habitat,foraging,activity rhythm,breeding and physiology of Chinese pangolin.It provides theoretical basis of ecology and biology for the protection and artificial domestication of Chinese pangolin.Meanwhile,given the demands of protection,future research directions are suggested.
文摘Xiaojiang Hao,who obtained Master Degree from Kunming Institute of Botany(KIB),Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)in 1985,and Doctor in Pharmacy degree in Pharmacy from Institute for Chemical Research,Kyoto University,in 1990,was born in Chongqing in July,1951.In 1991,he returned to KIB,CAS,as an Associate professor and served as the chair of the Department of Phytochemistry.In 1994,he was promoted to a full professor at the current institute.He served as the Deputy Director of KIB and the Director of Open Laboratory of Phytochemistry from 1995 to 1997,and the Director of KIB from 1997 to 2005.Professor Hao has published more than 450 peer-reviewed SCI papers,which have been cited over 6000 times.He has obtained one PCT patent and 23 patents in China.Due to his tremendous efforts,one candidate drug,phenchlobenpyrrone,has entered the Phase II clinical trail for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.Moreover,he won the First Prize of Natural Sciences in Yunnan Province for three times,and Ho Leung Ho Lee Fund Science and Technology Innovation Award in 2017.
文摘Most papers presented in this, the previous and thenext special issue of Integrative Zoology were presentedat the 3rd International Conference on Rodent Biologyand Management (3rd ICRBM) that was held in earlyAugust in Hanoi, Vietnam 20061 . The conference attractedan international audience of 130 participants from35 countries and provided an opportunity for all participantsto refresh and update their knowledge of scientific,technical and extension developments in the field ofrodent biology. There were about 110 spoken papers andabout 50 posters. The three main themes of the conferencewere (1) rodent biology, (2) rodent ecology, and (3)rodent management.
文摘Invasive species are characterized by the rapid growth and spread of their populations after establishing a foothold in new habitats, and there are now many examples of such species negatively affecting biodiversity and the economy. It is unclear why some species can become successful invaders, whereas most （even if closely related） remain noninvasive. We previously proposed a hypothesis that parasites associated with invading species can promote their invasive success if they are harmless toward the invaders but harmful to their competitors and/or predators in the newly colonized habitat. Here we discuss whether microsporidia that have recently been discovered in the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis contribute to its invasive success. We show that all H. axyridis beetles sourced from diverse collection sites all over the world carry abundant microsporidia. This suggests that both native and invasive H. axyridis populations are associated with these tolerated parasites, which were likely to have existed in native populations before expansion rather than being acquired in newly colonized areas. We describe the pathogenesis of the microsporidia during different developmental stages of H. axyridis and we address the possibility that the predation of its infected eggs and larvae by competing native ladybird species may lead to their infection and ultimately to their decline. Finally, we discuss our initial hypothesis： microsporidia that are tolerated by an invasive vector insect can be active against susceptible native competitors and/or predator species.
基金supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) who provided study grant (450578) to CA-C to conduct her master’s studies at INECOLsupported by CONACYT program Problemas Nacionales project number 2015-01-1628
文摘Urban ecosystems are evolutionarily recent novel environments acting as biodiversity filters.Psittacidae birds are considered successful urban adapters mainly due to their generalist feeding and opportunistic behavior,allowing them to occupy environments from cold temperate to dry xeric areas.Therefore,it is important to understand how these species interact in the urban environment.We studied the interannual(2013–2016)abundance of the White-fronted Parrot(Amazona albifrons)in the Neotropical cities of Xalapa and Coatepec,in Central Veracruz,México.Additionally,we studied the feeding ecology during 13 months of 6 parrot species detected in the city of Xalapa.The abundance of the White-fronted Parrot was significantly higher in Xalapa than in Coatepec,and it was homogeneous across years.Non-native plants represented 30–41%of Psittacidae diets in Xalapa,where seeds were the most commonly consumed resource.We recorded the highest Psittacidae species richness and highest diet overlap among species by the end of the dry season(April–May).The White-fronted Parrot had the highest plant richness in its diet,followed by the Monk Parakeet(Myiopsitta monachus)and the Green Parakeet(Psittacara holochlorus);yet,the White-fronted Parrot had a specialized diet dominated by two plant species(Grevillea robusta and Ficus aurea).The diet overlap among the three above-mentioned parrot species was not significantly different to a null model,where the White-fronted Parrot and the Monk Parakeet overlapped during the months of February,April,June,and September.The White-fronted Parrot is an urban adapter that has successfully expanded its geographic range via natural means and by human activities.The invasive Monk Parakeet is currently restricted to one park in Xalapa,and it has remained in that stage for many years(i.e.,pre-expansion phase).Exotic plant species in Xalapa represent∼55%of the woody vegetation,some of which have longer flowering and fruiting periods that may have aided the successful establishment of parrot species in urban environments.
文摘2022年3—9月,在浙江省淳安县开展了两栖和爬行动物资源调查,并分析其多样性特征。结果表明:(1)两栖和爬行动物共记录到4目24科57属69种,其中两栖动物美洲牛蛙Rana catesbeiana、爬行动物红耳彩龟Trachemys scripta elegans和拟鳄龟Chelydra serpentina为外来物种,实际记录本地两栖动物2目9科22属28种1818只,本地爬行动物2目15科35属41种3120只;其中,单型科有12个,单型属有48个,国家二级保护动物有6种,浙江省重点保护野生动物有16种,说明淳安县两栖和爬行动物具有较高的保护价值;15个优势种均为经济价值低的小型动物或者有人工养殖存在的物种,说明淳安县大多数两栖和爬行动物承受着较大的生态环境压力。(2)按动物地理区系类型分,淳安县两栖和爬行动物表现出偏向东洋界的特征,东洋界类型有57种,占淳安县两栖和爬行动物总种数的86.36%,其中,华中华南区物种有37种(占56.06%),南中国型物种有42种(占63.64%)。(3)按生态类群分,淳安县两栖动物以流水型物种为主,共10种,占两栖动物总种数的37.04%,爬行动物以陆栖型和陆栖树栖型物种为主,共24种,占淳安县爬行动物总种数的61.54%;陆栖流水型和水栖型中,两栖动物占比极显著的高于爬行动物(P<0.01);而陆栖型中,爬行动物占比极显著的高于两栖动物(P<0.01)。以上分析说明两栖动物偏喜湿地环境,而爬行动物偏喜陆地环境。因此,淳安县两栖动物面临更大的挑战,对其保护显得更为迫切,建议优先开展湿地生态环境的治理与保护。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31727901)。
文摘In late 2018,the fall armyworm(FAW)Spodoptera frugiperda Smith(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)made its arrival in China and its populations have since proliferated across most of eastern Asia.While S.frugiperda exhibits a considerable dispersal capacity and engages in long-distance migration,there’s only scant information on the species’flight capability.Here,we empirically assessed S.frugiperda flight activity under varying climatic conditions using a flight mill.More specifically,under laboratory conditions,FAW exhibited superior flight performance at 20-25℃ and 60-90%relative humidity(RH).When quantifying flight performance over five consecutive nights(i.e.,10 h/night),all flight parameters initially increased and then gradually dropped and FAW adults attained a total flight distance,duration and velocity equal to 63.73 km(48.42-94.12 km)(median,quartile range),24.12 h(20.87-27.73 h)and 2.73 km h^(-1)(2.13-3.33 km h^(-1)),respectively.Our work constitutes a first comprehensive assessment of S.frugiperda flight performance and provides baseline information for future efforts to forecast spatiotemporal changes in its geographical distribution,movement patterns and invasion trajectories.Such can ultimately permit a timely and targeted deployment of area-wide pest management measures against this newly-invasive pest in China and across eastern Asia.
