Fault Tree Analysis of the Reliability of Electric Vehicles in India

Innovations for electric vehicles have advanced quickly in latest decades. Large-scale business use of these vehicles is still constrained by reliability-related issues. By utilising fault tree (FT) and Monte Carlo simulation, a mathematical prototype is created that includes the reliability traits of all major electrical parts of the vehicle system, including the battery, motor, drive, controllers. The research demonstrates that by raising the component restoration rates, the vehicle’s survivability can be raised. A thorough discussion of this paradigm is provided, along with a presentation and analysis of the reliability estimations based on an electric vehicle. This research on the reliability design and maintenance of an electric vehicle can be supported by the ideas that are outlined in the paper. Additionally, the findings of this study may be helpful to those who build electric vehicle, especially when upgrading the components efficiency and planning for reliability increase.

From Trends to Drivers:Key Factors Propelling Electric Vehicle Sales

With the rapid advancement of human economic levels and modern civilization,the automobile manufacturing industry is increasingly confronted with challenges related to energy scarcity and environmental pollution.Low carbon emissions and energy savings have become the main focus of automotive development.Under the influence of government incentives,the sales of household electric vehicles(EVs)have increased significantly,although they still represent a small share of the overall car market.To examine the factors influencing consumer purchases of household EVs,this report integrates both qualitative and quantitative analyses,controlling for single variables.Using linear regression,an empirical analysis was conducted on 18 BYD models with varying ranges and prices.The results indicate a strong positive correlation between driving range,selling price,and EV sales.Looking ahead,the development of new energy vehicles should prioritize longer ranges,high-quality features,and cost-effective performance.

Thermal analysis of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicle application

As a driving motor, surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor exhibits high efficiency and high power density. However, it is susceptible to suffer irreversible demagnetization and insulation failure of coils under severe thermal load condition. Therefore, it is essential to predict temperattrre distribution in the driving motor. In this paper, a lumped parameter thermal mode/of surface mounted permanent magnet is investigated. By using finite element method, the iron loss distribution in various parts of the driving motor is achieved. Moreover, the influences of interface gap and flow rate on temperature distribution are discussed. Finally, the simulation of temperature distribution in different parts of the driving motor is achieved. The presented methodology contributes to verify the feasibility of the driving motor design.

Electric Vehicles Analysis inside Electric Mobility Looking for Energy Efficient and Sustainable Metropolis

This paper aims to study and evaluate electric mobility over time, focusing on the development of the electric car. Methodologically, in order to accomplish this intent, the characterization of the electric vehicle (EV) is made based on the variables which determine its performance, such as: assessment of speeds, distance traveled, analysis of facts related to the energy source (electro-chemical accumulators) and analysis of the determining system of electric mobility (the electric engine as a function of power (W) and voltage (V)). This way, to demonstrate the effects of time, this process will be analyzed from the beginning of the 20th century (1930s) to the present (the first decade of the 21st century), methodologically structured in 4 cycles that show the performance of the EV. The results show the existence of vulnerabilities and of electric mobility potential, as well as the nuances of the development of the electric vehicle along the years and along the transformations in what is considered state-of-the-art. Thus, in the case of batteries, it is evident that the lithium-ion type used nowadays reveals better results due to its higher specific efficient energy, which maximizes energy autonomy to 200 km. In the beginning, the insertion of the electric vehicle was commercially harmed by the fundamental limitations of batteries as a power source. Conclusively, on certain occasions there have been improvements in the aerodynamics, engines, weight and size of the batteries, demonstrating the maturity of EVs.

Design of a Level-3 electric vehicle charging station using a 1-MW solar system via the distributed maximum power point tracking technique

Solar power is mostly influenced by solar irradiation,weather conditions,solar array mismatches and partial shading conditions.Therefore,before installing solar arrays,it is necessary to simulate and determine the possible power generated.Maximum power point tracking is needed in order to make sure that,at any time,the maximum power will be extracted from the photovoltaic system.However,maximum power point tracking is not a suitable solution for mismatches and partial shading conditions.To overcome the drawbacks of maximum power point tracking due to mismatches and shadows,distributed maximum power point tracking is util-ized in this paper.The solar farm can be distributed in different ways,including one DC-DC converter per group of modules or per module.In this paper,distributed maximum power point tracking per module is implemented,which has the highest efficiency.This technology is applied to electric vehicles(EVs)that can be charged with a Level 3 charging station in<1 hour.However,the problem is that charging an EV in<1 hour puts a lot of stress on the power grid,and there is not always enough peak power reserve in the existing power grid to charge EVs at that rate.Therefore,a Level 3(fast DC)EV charging station using a solar farm by implementing distributed maximum power point tracking is utilized to address this issue.Finally,the simulation result is reported using MATLAB®,LTSPICE and the System Advisor Model.Simulation results show that the proposed 1-MW solar system will provide 5 MWh of power each day,which is enough to fully charge~120 EVs each day.Additionally,the use of the proposed photovoltaic system benefits the environment by removing a huge amount of greenhouse gases and hazardous pollutants.For example,instead of supplying EVs with power from coal-fired power plants,1989 pounds of CO_(2) will be eliminated from the air per hour.

考虑规划需求的EV充电桩集群管理系统通信方式综合评价

综合考虑经济性、技术性、适用性构建电动汽车(EV)充电桩集群管理系统通信方式的评价指标体系,并提出一种考虑规划需求的管理系统通信方式综合评价方法。该方法利用云模型反映主观评价信息的不确定性和模糊性,而后综合多组评价意见采用最大云相似度原则实现定性指标的定量表征;在此基础上,对各指标引入充电桩集群或充电站的规划需求因素,并采用考虑规划需求的灰色综合评价方法对各待选通信方式进行适应性评价。结合某规划新区所属的充电桩集群进行实例分析,验证了该方法的合理性、准确性以及优越的技术区分度,为实际设计充电桩集群管理系统组网方案提供了一种客观的决策手段。

电动汽车充电平台充电桩数量和价格协同优化

基于随机效用最大化理论,提出电动汽车充电平台用户端的用户行为决策模型.在满足车辆服务需求和充电站约束条件下,分别推导企业利润最大化和社会福利最大化目标函数下的卡罗需-库恩-塔克(KKT)条件、最优数量和最优价格,通过数值实验分析参数敏感性.最优化结果表明,合适的充电价格和充电桩数量决定用户前往不同区域充电的意愿,充电价格和充电桩数量在多区域多时段都有最优解.模型结果表明:在空间上,价格和数量随距离增加呈现递减趋势,且递减幅度增大;在时间上,高峰期的定价高于低谷期的定价,低谷期的区域间定价差异大于高峰期的区域间定价差异.对比不同目标,社会福利最大化目标下的最优充电价格普遍低于利润最大化目标下的价格,社会福利最大化下的最优充电桩数量多于利润最大化下的充电桩数量.敏感性参数分析结果表明,电池容量、单位电池容量的充电时长、多项Logit(MNL)模型中的敏感度均与目标结果呈现负相关,与感知效用呈正相关.

电动汽车交流充电桩的充电安全分析研究

本文对电动汽车交流充电桩产品的充电安全性进行研究,通过选取合适的、具有代表性的试验样品和易造成充电安全隐患的试验项目来模拟交流充电桩在实际使用过程中出现的充电安全问题,通过对样品试验结果的统计、分析为市场监管部门的管理、消费者的使用和充电设施产业的发展提供依据。

多源数据驱动的电动汽车用户识别方法

随着电动汽车的不断普及,如何准确获取电动汽车的充电行为并对电动汽车进行针对性管理与调控,成为电网管理人员关注的问题。本文提出多源数据驱动的电动汽车用户识别方法,基于家庭用电数据和电动汽车充电桩数据挖掘家庭用电行为与电动汽车出行规律,以及电动汽车与家庭用户特性的关联程度,建立适用于特定数据场景下的电动汽车用户关联识别匹配参数,从而识别家庭用户与电动汽车之间的关联性并确定电动汽车的最佳归属。最后,通过算例验证了本文方法的有效性。

基于边缘计算的电动汽车换电电池冗余度建模分析

针对电动汽车换电站电池冗余度和充电成本过高的问题,基于边缘计算建立了电动汽车换电电池冗余度分析模型。结合边缘计算与云计算技术,建立电动汽车换电电池冗余度分析的边缘计算平台,利用边缘节点A采集电动汽车用电信息,并将采集数据上传至云平台。云平台利用电动汽车换电电池充电优化控制模型,分析边缘节点B关联电动汽车换电电池冗余度;利用自适应遗传算法求解模型,实现电动汽车换电电池的充电优化。实验结果表明,该模型可有效分析电动汽车换电电池冗余度,将该模型应用于电动汽车换电站,换电站月充电费用降低幅度大于13%。

用于电动轮驱动汽车的差动助力转向

根据电动轮汽车的各轮独立驱动特点,提出一种针对电动轮汽车的新型助力转向方式。着重讨论了差动助力转向的基本原理和可行性。应用Matlab及Simulink建立了整车和转向系模型,给出了目标扭矩分配的特性曲线及左右转向轮的扭矩输出的控制算法,并进行了仿真验证。结果表明:对于电动轮驱动汽车,所提出的差动助力转向方法满足了转向轻便和驾驶路感要求,可以在保留传统机械转向系的前提下,成功应用于四轮独立驱动的电动汽车,提高电动轮汽车整车性能优势并降低成本。

车用电机的有限元模态分析

模态分析是一种确定结构振动特性的技术,是结构运动学的分析基础,固有频率是结构动力学特性分析中的重要指标。采用有限元法对电动汽车驱动用电机进行模态分析,通过对电机结构进行适当假设和等效,建立电机结构定子绕组、机壳、端盖以及转子和轴的模态有限元仿真模型,分析各结构部件对电机固有频率的影响。通过有限元仿真得到电机结构径向各阶模态的固有频率和模态振型,并通过锤击法模态实验和电机空载噪声频谱验证了有限元分析的准确性。

电动汽车充电机(站)接入电力系统的谐波分析

在电力系统中电动汽车充电机为非线性负荷,产生的谐波对电网是一种污染.在建设充电站前,有必要对充电站接入电力系统的谐波进行仿真预测,以决定是否配置谐波抑制和无功补偿设备.首先,利用某型号充电机参数建立充电机(站)的Matlab仿真模型,然后采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)对电流进行谐波分析,得出单台充电机产生的5,7次谐波最大值分别为0.44A,0.23A,满足国家谐波标准.本文的研究方法和仿真模型同样适用于其他类型、规模的充电机(站)接入电力系统的谐波分析.

基于系统动力学的电动汽车规模推演分析与仿真

电动汽车的规模预测是充电服务网络和配电网协同发展的重要基础和依据。利用系统动力学思想分析影响电动汽车发展的各类因素及其相关关系,建立了电动汽车规模推演的系统动力学模型,仿真得到电动汽车未来的发展趋势,并通过构建不同的场景分析电动汽车在不同条件下的发展状况。仿真结果发现:电动汽车购买率呈现S型增长曲线,电动汽车增长将要进入快速增长周期;前期变化主要受政府政策影响,后期技术发展和基础设施建设将成为影响电动汽车发展的重要因素。

电动汽车用开关磁阻电机有限元分析及仿真

开关磁阻电机(SRM)广泛应用于电动车驱动系统。建立SRM数学模型,对其做深入的仿真分析,对电动车用SRM的设计、控制有着重要的指导意义。SRM具有非线性的工作特征,无法得到统一的数学模型与解析式,利用ANSYS对电动汽车用开关磁阻电机进行有限元分析,得到电机静特性,计算出样机的磁链特性曲线。然后通过ANSYS与SIMULINK之间的数据传递,将有限元分析的数据导入SIMULINK中,以磁链函数为基础建立相对应的SRM驱动系统模型,并对该系统进行动态仿真。通过分析三组不同导通角和关断角组合条件下仿真系统的绕组电流、转矩和转速的仿真曲线,验证SRM的有限元分析结果及所建立的仿真模型的正确性及合理性。

独立驱动电动汽车TTCAN调度策略与特性研究

针对事件触发CAN实时性与确定性无法满足独立驱动电动汽车动力系统应用问题,以自主研发的双电机独立驱动电动汽车为对象,构建基于TTCAN协议的网络化控制模型,利用AL算法设计信息调度策略,并对其信息传输实时性、延迟、周期抖动及带宽利用率等系统特性进行理论分析与实验验证.结果表明,作者设计的TTCAN方案有效改善了系统通信实时性与确定性.

基于变权分析方法的电动汽车充电设备性能综合评价

将变权分析方法运用于充电设备的性能评价中.首先建立了电动汽车充电设备性能的综合评价指标体系,同时对体系内各指标获取评价参量并进行统一量化的方法进行论述,随之阐述了用变权分析方法进行权重计算的原理和步骤,最后编写软件实现了电动汽车充电设备测试数据的分析和评价,利用该软件分别对两台充电设备的实验数据进行了分析,使用变权分析方法得出最终综合评价结果.分析结果表明,变权分析方法能够有效地对充电设备性能进行综合评价,评价结果突出了薄弱环节的作用,使得分析结果更加合理.该方法不仅适用于电动汽车充电设备性能评价,也适用于其他复杂系统的综合评价.

电动汽车与风电机组协同的微电网调度策略

随着电动汽车对电网渗透率的增加,将对电网的正常运行产生重要的影响作用。构建了以风电机组、电动汽车和汽轮机等为核心的微型电网系统,通过蒙特卡洛法对电动汽车的充放电功率进行分析,并结合酒泉某风电基地风电出力数据,以总运行成本最小为目标构建风电与电动汽车协同调度模型,分析了电动汽车对增强风电消纳的调节作用,最后通过IEEE 9节点微型电网算例验证了调度模型与优化算法的有效性,为今后发展智能电网的多资源协调互补利用提供依据。

中国电动汽车配套基础设施布局需求侧研究——基于Logit回归的消费偏好分析

从消费者偏好角度出发,通过一系列实地访谈、问卷调研,获取需求侧第一手数据,综合利用因子分析及Logit回归方法,发现在电动汽车配套基础设施布局过程中,消费者比较重视社会环境效益、技术属性、内在条件及外在属性四大类因子。同时研究发现,消费者对汽车的消费意识也有所变化,从节能与减排的角度出发,消费者倾向于购买能源补给成本较低、环保效果更好的车型。在需求侧研究的基础上,立足中国电动汽车行业及其充电基础设施的实际情况,可从突破技术瓶颈、推广分散式充电桩、油电一体化加油、充换电站、充分考虑消费者偏好四个方面着手,进一步完善中国电动汽车配套基础设施布局,推动电动汽车的产业化和规模化。

电动汽车充换电站谐波水平分析及治理

在政府对电动汽车产业的大力推动下,我国电动汽车产业将步入快速发展期,这也极大地推动了电动汽车充换电设施的建设。大量充电设备的接入将给电网的电能质量带来影响。文中以某电动公交充换电站为依托,通过大量现场试验取得详尽的数据,分析不同规模充电机对电网造成的谐波影响,并对采用谐波治理措施的效果进行测试和评估。采用有源电力滤波器后网侧5、7次谐波电流明显减少,满足国标GB/T 14549-2008规定的限制值。